Historical Mathematical Instruments

Engravings depicting the fabrication and components of mathematical instruments, bookbinding tools, and early hygrometers from the 18th century.

Cutler's workshop from 'Encylopedie' Paris, 1751-1780, edited by Diderot and Dalembert.

Engraving showing a selection of improved machinery designed for deep sea soundings, 1861. Date: 2 February 1861

Glove makers: interior view with various tools of the trade. Etching by Defehrt after Lucotte.

T. Bartholin, aspera arteia, oesophagum,...

Illustration depicting an armillary sphere. An armillary sphere is a model of objects in the sky consisting of a spherical framework of rings, centred on Earth or the Sun, that represent lines of celestial longitude and latitude and other astronomically important features such as the ecliptic. Dated 16th Century

Chemistry: many types of furnace, kiln, and oven. Engraving by E. Krausse.

Scientific equipment. Knight, Charles, 1791-1873. Prints, Illustrations. 1858. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Art, Industrial arts, Scientific equipment

Surgical instruments. Engraving with etching.

Medical book, vintage sketch or drawing of anatomy bones, medicine research or information on health study. Latin journal, healthcare guide or antique diagram of historical text, healing or knowledge

Effect of acid on the blood, fig. 8 and 9, Jan Luyken, 1683 print Print at the top right marked: page: 231. Amsterdam paper etching medical research, branches of medicine (+ scientific research)

Electricity: Benjamin Franklin's electro-static generator. Watercolour painting.

Surgical equipment for the extraction of the cataract and for the Fistula Lachrymalis: minute steel tenaculum, Cline's instrument, scissors, anel's syringe and pipes, Wathen's tubes, lancet, Gibson's knife and tube. Copperplate engraving by Wilson Lowry after an illustration by J. Farey from Abraham Rees' "Cyclopedia or Universal Dictionary," London, 1812.

Proofs: fig. 1-8, Ceremonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde, unknown, Engraving, 1723-1743

Mills for grinding, and a Chinese man grinding at a muller, above. Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1817.

Chemistry: distilling apparatus. Engraving by W. Lowry, 1802.

1 Clepsydra by Salomon de Caus. 2 Clepsydre by Jacques Besson. 3 Clepsydra with alarm clock. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1897

Surgical equipment for a lithotomy: sound, staffs, Blunt gorget, Hawkin's cutting gorget, Mr. Cline's cutting gorget, Mr. Abernethy's gorget and forceps from the 19th century. Copperplate engraving by Wilson Lowry after an illustration by J. Farey from Abraham Rees' "Cyclopedia or Universal Dictionary," London, 1812.

Metalwork and metallurgical industry: lead industry; shot manufacture; Egyptian nose rings and earrings; ancient Egyptian spoons.. Knight, Charles, 1791-1873. Prints, Illustrations. 1858. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Art, Industrial arts, Spoons, Ammunition, Lead industry, Metallurgical industry, Metalwork, Jewelry

Medicine, Anatomy, Surgical Instruments for Use in Military Surgery, c. 1600, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

An anatomical copper engraving of the human body by Nicolas Beatrizet created around 1560, illustrating Renaissance interest in medical studies.

Illustration depicting a device used for repelling scaling ladders by Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (1452-1519) an Italian polymath of the Renaissance.

Fig. XCIII. Antlergon, simplex. Cochlea simplex.. Bockler, Georg Andreas. Prints, Drawings, Design drawings. 1662. Rare Book Division. Mechanical engineering, Machinery, Mills and mill-work, Fountains, Water pumps, Gearing

John Thorsen, Octant, 1939 Octant

Doreur sur Cuir, from 'Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers', Engraving on paper, France, 1771, Print, Print

Monster cooking machine and a monster carafe at the World Exhibition in London, Carel Christiaan Antony Last, 1842 - 1887 print There are different pots on a burning stove. A group of men are under a large glass bell jar. The Hague paper world fair, world exhibition. chemical industry. heating stove. experiment, test ~ science and technology London

Surgical instruments and appliances, including a bed with reading stand; 24 figures. Engraving by W. H. Lizars after himself, 1830.

Shades, gas and electric, crystal.. Illustrations. 1908 - 1913. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Electric light fixtures

Antique medical book, sketch and paper drawing, human body graphic or reference page explain anatomy. Latin language, journal notes and vintage skeleton diagram for rustic education or medicine info

Dorsal vertebrae: eight figures. Watercolour, pencil and crayon drawing by J.C. Whishaw, ca. 1853.

A device for drying gunpowder. Etching by Bénard after L.J. Goussier.

Dilator to open the mouth circa 1564.

Swift & Son's new patent microscope. Front page of catalogue

Double machine for cleaning semolina, type Kaiser, illustration from L'Industria, Rivista tecnica ed economica illustrata, Milan, 1887.

$Optics: diagrams of reflection and refraction of light. Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1820.$

Burning lens built in 1782 by William Parker, the London instrument maker. According to Parker, the optical glass melted platinum in 30 seconds. Copperplate engraving by Wilson Lowry from Abraham Rees' Cyclopedia or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, London, 1806.

" Various Instruments, & Utensils, of the Natives of Otaheite, & of the adjacent Islands". Engraving From A journal of a voyage to the South Seas : in His Majesty's ship, the Endeavour from the papers of Sydney Parkinson, embellished with views and designs, delineated by the Author, and engraved by capital artists. 1773

Plate showing card makers at work. Engraving from Denis Diderot, Jean Baptiste Le Rond d'Alembert, L'Encyclopedie, 1751-1757. Entitled Cartier (Card Maker).

Surgical instrument for extracting objects lodged in the throat: four figures. Etching by Mutlow, ca. 1805.

Medallions with Globe and Telescope, 1778 print On the left an oval medallion with measuring instruments, a stargazer and a globe. On the right a round medallion with various objects. paper etching ornament ~ medallion. globe. telescope

Surgical instruments for the operation of cataracts, including a catheter and a empyema. Engraving by Mutlow.

Plate showing a velvet loom. Engraving from Denis Diderot, Jean Baptiste Le Rond d'Alembert, L'Encyclopedie, 1751-1757. Entitled Rubanier (Ribbon Weaver).

Eight different fossils, including a Flabellaria borassifolia and a Syringodendron. Etching by W. H. Lizars.

Gas shades, ruby, pink, opalescent and straw.. Illustrations. 1908 - 1913. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Electric light fixtures

Fig. XVII. Pateomylos.. Bockler, Georg Andreas. Prints, Drawings, Design drawings. 1662. Rare Book Division. Mechanical engineering, Machinery, Mills and mill-work, Flour & meal industry, Gearing

Musical box mechanism Date: 1882

Hour by the clepsydra. 1 Egyptian clepsydra. 2 Clepsydra in sandstone at the museum of cluny. 3 Section of a seventeenth century brass clepsydra. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1897

Page from The Growth of industrial art, compiled by Benjamin Butterworth, 1892 | Library of Congress

Photo production of drawings of the worms Teredo Navalis and Lycoris Fucata by Pieter Harting, B. Crolet (Possible), After Pieter Harting, in Or Before 1867 photograph France photographic support. cardboard albumen print drawing, sketch. worms

Plan of the decks of a slave ship showing the inhumane conditions used to transport slaves across the Atlantic. After a 19th century illustration.

Shades, gas and electric metallic and silver etching.. Illustrations. 1908 - 1913. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Electric light fixtures

Cotton: plants, fibers, processing, Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame.. Knight, Charles, 1791-1873. Prints, Illustrations. 1858. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Art, Industrial arts, Cotton, Arkwright, Richard, Sir, 1732-1792, Cotton industry

Netherlands, Funckler, F.W., Three photographs of physical instruments, recto - printed, Above a model of an Unster, in the middle a model of a bridge balance, below a branch model with six disks., photograph, photo, page, photos, photographically illustrated books, No. 16., No. 18., No. 20., height 222 mm, width 133 mm, photographer, 1857 - 1867, photographic paper, photo paper, paper, papier, albumen print, albumine print

Drawings of various kinds of forceps. Forceps are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects.

Surgery: instruments to perform a mastectomy. Engraving with etching by A.J. Defehrt after L.-J. Goussier.

The 'Triplex,' Porcelain-Lined Iron.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

A mine: cross-section and diagrams of furnaces. Etching by Bénard after Prevost.

Cremer Albert Friedrich (1824-1891), Anatomy building, Berlin. (From: Atlas to the magazine for Building, ed. V. G. Erbkam, Jg. 16, 1866.) (1866-1866): Details. Stitch on paper, 28.4 x 44.1 cm (including scan edges) Cremer Albert Friedrich (1824-1891): Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (Humboldt-Universität) Berlin. Anatomisches Institut. (Aus: Atlas zur Zeitschrift für Bauwesen, hrsg. v. G. Erbkam, Jg. 16, 1866)

Two illustrations of a machine for measuring the draughts from a mine. Etching by Mutlow.

Évaillist, Monture des Eventails. In ten figures or steps explain how a range is mounted. Planche IV from a series of four prints with accompanying text: évailke, Contenant Quatre Planches. From encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisoné des sciences, des Arts et des Métiers by Denis Diderot and Jean Le around d'Alembert, Paris, 1751-1772.

Textiles: an array of water-powered equipment used for silk spinning, perspective (top), and plan (below). Engraving by R. Benard after L.-J. Goussier.

Diamond works: interior view (a) diamond cutters (b) elevations of faceted cut diamonds. Etching by Bénard after Lucotte.

Alembics and distillation appliances for processes such as subliming Volatile Sal Ammoniac (bottom left) : at bottom right is a Sand Bath at Work Date: circa 1790

Béni-Hassan el-Qadim, Beni Hasan. Tombe de Névôthph. 1. Paroi sud; 2. Une blanchisseuse; 3. Une balance fixée à un poteau; 4. Paroi ouest; 5. Récolte des fruits., 1835 - 1845., Paris. Publisher, Firmin Didot frères

Surgical instruments and patients with diseases of the breast. Engraving with etching by R. Parr.

Several engravings illustrating an ingenious device for drying clothes; a forerunner of the fold-up telescopic clothes drier used instead of a line and pegs. Date: c.1850

Drawing of a woman talking to a man, with coffee cup, paper airplane, telephone and pen between them

A diagram of the mechanical telephone exchange, showing what happens once the number is dialled to when the call is received. Date: 1906

Patent steam carriage, by Mr. Burstall, Edinburgh, 1827. Illustrations. 1830. Rare Book Division. Steam-engines

An engraving depicting the different forms of carbon filament in incandescent lamps. Dated 19th century

Design for a watch chain. Draughtsman: Mathieu Lauweriks. Dating: 31-Oct-1909. Measurements: h 186 mm × w 225 mm. Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

human eye

Anatomical fugitive sheet, female

Agriculture: a plan for an improved dairy, dairy paraphernalia, and an artificial incubator for newly-hatched chicks. Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1810.

The interior of a room with steam and cold water pipes at a military hospital in St. Petersburg. Lithograph.

Inventions, 1869 - 1882 print Leaf with 11 performances of inventions, such as the sewing machine, the barometer and the diving clock. A caption under each performance. Numbered in the middle: xx. print maker: Europeprint maker: Europepublisher: KampenNetherlands paper letterpress printing invention, discovery ~ science and technology. sewing machine. barometer. diving-bell, bathysphere. steamship, motorship

Sellier-Carossier, pl. IX from 'Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers', Engraving on paper, France, 1771, Print, Print

Machine of Fillsi. (Ti)

Engineering: an axle and some tools. Engraving by E. Kennion after C. Varley.

Surgery, surgical instruments, including bullet forceps and different techniques for sutures. Engraving with etching by B.L. Prevost after L.-J. Goussier.

Physics: scientific equipment. Coloured engraving by J. Emslie, 1850, after himself.

Movement of solids: educational plate published Wurtemberg c.1850. Gears; Escapement; Governor; Parallel motion; Reciprocating to rotative motion; Eccentric; Crank;, etc.

Netherlands, Funckler, FW, Model of a hydrostatic press, recto - printed, photograph, photo, page, photos, photographically illustrated books, No. 55., height 52 mm, width 52 mm, photographer, 1857 - 1867, photographic paper, photo paper, albumen print, albumine print

Retorts and stills. Drawing from a Greek manuscript of alchemy. Drawing. FRANCE. ëLE-DE-FRANCE. Paris. National Library.

Clocks: various springs, escapements, and correction mechanisms. Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1809.

Folio f 115r. Codex Madrid I (Ms. 8937) "Treaty of statics and mechanics", 192 folios with 384 pages. Internal format: 215 x 145 mm. APPLIED MECHANICS (MACHINES AND WITS). UNITS OF WEIGHT AND MEASURES. PRINCIPLES OF MECHANICS, CINEMATICS, DYNAMICS. Museum: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA, MADRID. Author: LEONARDO DA VINCI.

5:Pneumonia culture. 6 Albumen from rotten egg. 7& 8:Tuberculosis as prepared by Koch. 9:Sputum from TB patient. 10: Anthrax bacillus. 11:TB bacillus stained blue. From Ferdinand Hueppe 'Die die Methoden der Backtierien-Forschung', Wiesbaden, 1889. Hueppe worked with Koch.

Husqvarna Weapon Factory Chronology.ur Carl Sahlin Mountain History Collection.

Tailor pressing a jacket on an ironing board. Around him are some of the tools of his trade such as a thimble, measuring tape and scissors. At the bottom is a sheep representing the wool from which cloth was made. From Reuben Rambles 'The Child's Treasury of Knowledge and Amusement', London, c1845

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as a teaching machine. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology 1948-1958. Daguerre camera. For more info: see the photographic manual of Helmer Bäckström. Nature and Culture. Other revised edition 1958-59. Cape. 3 photography's first decades (page 24 and following).

View of the feast room and ball. (IT)

Depiction of retorts and stills used in alchemy from a Greek manuscript, 15th Century.

Steam baths, Praktischer Hausschatz der Heilkunde, II. volume, 1930, Heinrich Killinger, Nordhausen

Technical drawing: conventions for colour-coding materials in architectural elevations. Colour lithograph by Mackay & Kirkwood, 1860.

Husqvarna Weapon Factory Chronology.ur Carl Sahlin Mountain History Collection.

Farming: a reaping machine, driven by a horse. Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1816.

Electricity and its industrial applications. Coloured engraving by Langevin, 1853, after L. Allard.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Camera lens from Goerz Celor.For more info See: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 131.

Varieties of mushrooms and edible fungi. Coloured mixed method engraving by A. M. Perrot after E. Hocquart and J. C. Perrot.

Minerals and cystals of sulphur, mellite, graphite, amber with insects, amber in Carpathian stone, anthracite, English coal, slate coal, needle coal, earthier brown coal and lignite. Chromolithograph from Dr. Aldolph Kenngott's "Mineralogy" section in Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert's "Naturgeschichte," Schreiber, Munich, 1886.

Scientific American, Front cover. Magazine covers. 1917-07-28. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Science, Technology, Food , Caloric content

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Kronography of horse.

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