Historical Production Techniques

Illustrations depicting traditional methods like water mills and paper making, showcasing craftsmanship in various historical settings.

The interior of a water mill in 18th century France. Date: Circa 1760

A glass engraver using a lathe operated by a font treadle. On the bench at his right are the capper disks of various diameters which, together with emery moistened with oil, were used to engrave the glass. American Foundry, USA, 1849

Potter assisted by a man and a boy turning the wheel, throwing a very large pot. Engraving, Paris, c1870.

Old fire sprayers and new hose fire sprayers, 1690, Jan van der Heyden (attributed to), after Jan van der Heyden, 1688 - 1690 print Comparison between the operation and application of old fire sprayers (A) and the new hose fire sprayers (B). Plate 1 in the fire spray book by Jan van der Heyden. Amsterdam paper etching / engraving fire-extinguishing equipment Amsterdam

An engraving depicting the turning of cast iron axle boxes on a lathe to finish them. Dated 19th century

Rag-and-chain pump for draining a mine operated by men in treadmill. From Agricola (George Bauer) 'De re metallica', Basle, 1556.

Engraving depicting a smock mill with fantail used for grinding corn. Dated 19th century

Laundry, Industrial laundry, In the steam laundry of the Berlin Charite, Women at work, Washing clothes, around 1885, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Laundry, Industrial laundry, In the steam laundry of the Berlin Charite, Women at work, Washing clothes, around 1885, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Aids to object teaching. Blacksmith , Blacksmiths, Forge shops, Blacksmithing, Horseshoes. Louis Prang & Company Collection

Tilers working on a building floor, 18th century. Workers laying floor tiles, paving stones, and various tools, trowel, level, hammer, pin, basin, etc. Architecture: Carreleur. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond dAlemberts Encyclopedie (Encyclopedia), Geneva, 1778.

Engraving depicting a turning chair and table legs on a lathe worked by a treadle. Dated 19th century

Illustration depicting the type of printing press used in the later part of the 18th century. Dated 18th century

Stool Maker, European Trades - 1820

Illustration depicting the production of the worsted: drawing in the warp for weaving. Dated 19th Century

Cooper; Professions. Two men are busy making tons in a workshop.

A man is working on a loom as his assistant brings him more thread. Woodcut.

An engraving depicting the manufacturing of beaver hats: bowing fur and wool used to make the hats. Dated 19th century

De Re Metallica Plate 16: Wheel Turned By Treading, Mining - De Re Metallic

Stamp cutter in his workshop, Jan Luyken, 1689 print Amsterdam paper etching clipping, stamping, punching (industrial processes)

Engraving depicting grinding lithographic stones. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting the process of making wrought iron: rolling blooms into bars - Dowlais Ironworks, an ironworks and steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting a wheelwright fitting oak spokes into the elm nave of a wheel. Dated 19th century

Fishing, processing of fish, here drying in front of smoking, 1880, Kiel, Germany, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th century pattern, exact original date unknown, Europe

A German Fire Pump of 1615: Black and White Illustration;

Doekscheerders, Jan Gillisz. van Vliet, 1635 print Two cloth or drying shearers in a workshop. The men shave cloth (woolen fabric) to smooth it. In the background instruments with spines of a teasel, with which the tissue was carded or roughened. Leiden paper etching fulling ~ cloth finishing. special processes for woollen fabric. textile fabric, cloth

Production of copper graves; Scvlptvra in Aes; New inventions and discoveries; Nova Reperta. The interior of a printing company. Right the print maker uses a burin to cut a performance in a copper engraving. In the middle, copper engravings are heated, ineinated and cleaned. The plate is turned through the press and the print is pressed. The paper is then hung to dry. A leather boy learns to engrave in the foreground. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a ninetical series about new inventions and discoveries.

Illustration showing planning machine used at the Woolwich Arsenal, London. 1847

Nail Maker, European Trades - 1820

Two men are working at a machine for making ice. Engraving.

An engraving depicting Press for crushing grapes, used in the Medoc and Cognac regions, France 1870

Polishing of Harnesses, Jan Collaert (II), After Jan van der Straet, c. 1589 - c. 1593 print Different parts of a armor are polished and polished in a workshop. Leer boys bring the armor in large baskets. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a nineteen -part series about new inventions and discoveries. print maker: Antwerpafter design by: Florencepublisher: Antwerp paper engraving armour. polishing (industrial process). handicrafts, craftsman at work. workshop-interior. invention, discovery ~ science and technology

Giving plate glass its first rough polish, France 1748

Workers at Nobel Explosives Company Limited, Ardeer, Ayrshire, 1884. Artist: Unknown

Blowing glass goblets: Inspecting melt and gathering molten glass from the furnace. From Diderot 'Encyclopedie' c1751.

Two men are working on wood at their benches in the workshop. Woodcut.

Antwerp, Galle, Philips, Florence, Straet, Jan van der, Nova Reperta, New inventions and discoveries, Distillation, verso middle - stamped, A workshop for distillation. In the foreground a scholar reads the recipe for distillation from a thick book. In the foreground on the right herbs are being crushed with a mortar by a young assistant. In the center a large kettle is being heated. In a painting on the wall a representation of a dining room. The print is part of a nineteen-part series on new inventions and discoveries., print, prints, height 188 mm, width 268 mm, South Netherlands, 1537 - 1612-03-29, print maker, printmaker, 1589 - 1593, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, 1523 - 1605-11-02, after a design by, Publication (Event), Publication, publisher

Carpet weaving: wilton. London, 1823.

Smoothing off the tops of moulds filled with sugar and setting them aside to harden for a couple of days. Sugar refinery, Whitechapel, London, 1841.

Engraving depicting rubberized waterproof boots mounted onto a drying frame after varnishing.

JACQUARD, Joseph Marie (1752-1834). French mechanic. Mechanical loom, machine invented in 1802. Engraving.

Illustration showing Draining mine workings with bank of three suction pumps. As men turn the shaft the cams, B, connect with the tappets, A, on the piston rods, C. From Agricola 'De re metallica', Basle, 1556

Silk weaver at work in his cottage at Bethnal Green, London, England, late 19th century. The Spitalfields silk industry was founded by Huguenot refugees from France after Louis XIV's Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). Engraving, 1893.

Calico printing machines, hand-colored engraving, 1834

A forge, drop hammer, 1751-1777. Artist: Denis Diderot

Printing office. On left compositors are at work setting up text using letters from 'case' in front of them. Centre back type is being inked ready to be printed on to paper in flatbed screwjack press centre right. Paper hung up to allow ink to dry before being stacked in pile by boy, centre front. Master printer in fur lined gown supervises his enterprise. After Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) 'Nova reperta' Antwerp c1600. Engraving

Textile industry, unwinding silk, around 1890, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Operation of a pulley. A man holding a large block with a pulley.

Engraving depicting the workshop of a Goldsmith/Silversmith making larger items such as tableware. Dated 18th century

Industry and Idleness The fellow prentices at their looms From the original design by Hogarth from The Works of Hogarth published London 1833, Historisch, digital restaurierte Reproduktion von einer Vorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Record date not stated,

An engraving depicting the crushing grapes for wine. Medoc region, France 1870

Removing the discoloured damp outer surface of sugar loaves. From the Penny Magazine, London, 1841

THOMAS DAVENPORT BUILDS THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - ENGRAVING. 19th CENTURY.

Textile industry, The processing of cotton around 1840, Snap frame, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

This illustration dates to the 1870s and shows an explosion of a boiler, which, considering the time period and the numer of engines in constant use, a very rare occurence. Most likely, in all cases, the explosions are due to the sudden generation of a large quantity of steam and not to an excessive pressure produced gradually.When an explosion occurs, the enormous force of the agent we are dealing with when w bottle up stam in an iron vessel, is shown by the effects produced. This illustration is from a photo taken from an exploded locomotive. You can see how the thick lates of iron have been torn like paper, and the tubes, rods, and levers of the engine twisted in inextricable confusion.

Distillation, Philips Galle (attributed to workshop or), After Jan van der Straet, c. 1589 - c. 1593 print A workshop for distillation. In the foreground, a scholar from a thick book reads the recipe for distillation. In the front right, herbs with a mortar are finely tampered by a young assistant. Central a large boiler that is heated. In a painting on the wall a representation of a dining room. The print is part of a nineteen -part series about new inventions and discoveries. print maker: Antwerpafter design by: Florencepublisher: Antwerp paper engraving invention, discovery ~ science and technology. chemical industry. distilled spirits. picture, painting. evening meal, dinner, supper. fire, oven, furnace ~ interior of industrial structure. pestle and mortar

Papermaker, Tradesman series by Jost Amman, 16th cent. Germany.

Grinding crushed flint and clay to the correct consistency of cream in pottery manufacture, Staffordshire, England. Engraving, London, c1851.

De Re Metallica Plate 23: Launders and Scrubbers, Mining - De Re Metallic

Farmers interior with tricks players, Jonas Suyderhoef, After Adriaen van Ostade, 1670 - 1726 print Farmers play tricks or backgammon at a table by a fireplace. A dog on the right in the foreground. In the background a man and a woman. Print Maker: Haarlem Publisher: Amsterdam paper engraving backgammon, tric-trac. pipe ~ tobacco. dog. open hearth, fire-place

Preparation of saltpetre, historical account from Georgius Agricola, De re metallica libri XII, Berg- und Huettenwesen, Metallurgy, published 1556

Pork packing in Cincinnati - the Rendering process. From a print showing four scenes in a packing house: Killing, Cutting, Rendering, and Salting.

Refining copper in a furnace. In the foreground a coating of copper is being hammered off an iron bar. This was a method of testing to see if the metal was sufficiently refined. From 'De re metallica', by Agricola, pseudonym of Georg Bauer (Basle, 1556)

Various activities in a French tobacco factory. Date: circa 1760

An engraving depicting a wheelwright fitting oak spokes into the elm nave of a wheel. Dated 19th century

Woman at the loom, production of fabrics, Lisage, 1875, historical woodcut, France, Europe

Boiling the beer in an American brewery. Date: 1885

The workshop of a carpenter and joiner, with various activities taking place. Date: 1875

Making and using elm tree pumps to drain mines before the days of the steam engine, 1556 (1956). Artist: Unknown

Pelletterie and fierceur, tools, 1771 - 1772 print Atelier where fur is processed and muffs and capes are made of fur. Under the interior images of different tools. Pl. 5 from encyclopédie ..... paper engraving

Plumbing, 1751-1777. Artist: Unknown

A man is sitting at a work bench making jewellery. Wood engraving.

Paris industry; 19th century; nineteen; les grandes industries parisiennes; industry for gold and money; rue Aubry le Boucher; France

Silk production in Europe in the 16th century. Reeling threads of silk from cocoons. From Vermis Sericus, a series of engravings by Karel van Mallery after a work by Jan van der Straet, known as Stra

. In a workplace, in which the light will fall from the right, a rotating machine, helmets and harnesses are pleated. Left for an assistant with a basket with pieces of harness on his back.

The Potteries, Staffordshire, England: Potter shapes a piece on the wheel while his girl assistant weighs out a lump of clay for the next item he will make. Minton & Companys works. Engraving, 1885.

Trades in Regency England: glass-blowing, colliery and tanning. Workers blowing molten glass into bottles and goblets in a Newcastle factory 67, coal miners digging coal in a Newcastle colliery 68 and tanners preparing leather skins in pits of pure in Hexham 69. Woodcut engraving from Rev. Isaac Taylors Scenes of British Wealth, in Produce, Manufacture and Commerce, John Harris, London, 1823. Isaac Taylor was an English writer, artist, engraver and inventor 1787-1865.

Silk production, Ourdissage, winding machine, creel, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date unknown

The straw hat trade at Luton, England. 1878. Shaping the hats by machine.

Woodblock engraving depicting the unloading of hay in Paris. In the background clerks are keeping a tally so that duty can be levied. Dated 16th century

The brewer in the 16th Century

Two men working a water machine. Engraving.

Ant, Kellner in shoe production , Unknown

Making chains in the Cradley Heath district of the Black Country in the English Midlands, 1890. Artist: Unknown

Portable studio of a Chinese metal worker, vintage engraving. Portable studio of a Chinese metal worker, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1870. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10679255

. A farmer's interior with a gender pig against a ladder. De Boer cleans the pig, the farmer's booer is behind a wooden ton. In the background a figure with a bucket of water removes a well.

Engraving depicting a forge with bellows and hammer powered by an undershot water wheel. Dated 17th century

Manufacture of swords in Toledo: blade hardening, Spain, from a drawing by Guesdon, illustration from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 542, Volume XXII, July 16, 1853.

A watercolor showing a carpenter at work, shaping or assembling wood in a workshop or outdoor setting.

Grinding needle points, Redditch, England, c1830. Artist: Unknown

craft handcraft smithy forging a permanent magnet coloured woodcut ""De Magnete"" by William Gilbert printed by Peter Short London 1600 private collection,

Carpenters constructing a stamping mill for breaking up ores and extraction of metals. Men on the left are measuring up a baulk of timber, K, to form a cam-shaft. A completed cam-shaft at H fitted with cams I. B is the stem of a single stamp, A. All the pieces of the mechanism are made of wood. F

Ourdissage, textile production around 1870, France, Historic, digitally retouched reproduction of a 19th century original, Europe

Two men watch a large beam sawn through, Jan Luyken, 1711 print Amsterdam paper etching tools, aids, implements ~ crafts and industries: saw. sawing (industrial process)

Draining a mine using a series of suction pumps powered by a water wheel, 1556. Artist: Unknown

Three men work near an open fire on anvils with hammers making nails and pins of various sizes, some tools of their trade hang on the walls. Coloured etching.

Draining mine workings with a bank of three suction pumps. As the men turn the shaft the cams, B, connect with tappets. A, on the piston rods, C. From De re metallica, by Agricola, pseudonym of Georg Bauer (Basle, 1556). Woodcut.

Machine Age -- This illustration shows servant of future who "seated comfortably, performs his duties merely operating a row of push-buttons." Life in the '40s has become a push-button affair to a greater extent than most people realize! November 16, 1940. (Photo by Camera Features).;Machine Age -- This illustration shows servant of future who "seated comfortably, performs his duties merely operating a row of push-buttons." Life in the '40s has become a push-button affair to a greater extent tha

George Agricola (1494-1555) . De Re Metallica, 1556. Book IX. Methods of smelting ores. A. Furnaces. B. Forehearths. Author: George Agricola. Basilius Weffring.

Illustration showing Hand-block printing floor-cloth. The man is working one a roll of canvas, which has already been trowel painted. He is applying the pattern using paint covered blocks. 1842

James Watt in his small workshop in Glasgow

Illustration depicting a Japanese woman making brooms. 19th century.

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