← Military & Defence

Prominent Military Leaders

Portraits of notable military leaders from the 19th and early 20th centuries in ceremonial uniforms, highlighting their roles in significant battles and historical events.

IRVIN MCDOWELL American military, commander of the Federal Army at the battle of Bull Run Date: 1818 - 1885

August von Werder (1808-1888). Prussian general. Portrait. Engraving. "Historia de la Guerra de Francia y Prusia" (History of the War between France and Prussia). Volume I. Published in Barcelona, 1870.

Admiral Cervera

Fernand de Langle de Cary (1849-1927), general del ejército francés durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Grabado de 1923.

Leopold, Prinz von Hohenzollern, 22. September 1835, 8. Juni 1905, war das Oberhaupt des schwäbischen Zweigs des Hauses Hohenzollern, Historisch, digi...

Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold August Graf von Werder, 12 September 1808, 12 September 1887 was a Prussian General of the Infantry, Historical, digita...

Gen. C.C. Monro

Georg Leo von Caprivi de Caprara de Montecuccoli, ab 1891 Graf von Caprivi de Caprara de Montecuccoli geb. 24. Februar 1831 in Charlottenburg, gest. 6. Februar 1899 auf Gut Skyren bei Messow, Brandenburg, preußischer Offizier und von 1890 bis 1894 Nachfolger von Bismarck als deutscher Reichskanzler, Historisch, authentisch, digital restaurierte Reproduktion von einer Vorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Record date not stated 1f-4904161

Mikhail Skobelev (1843-1882). Russian general famous for his conquest of Central Asia and heroism during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. Portrait. Engraving by Arturo Carretero. La Ilustración Española y Americana, 1882. Author: Arturo Carretero (ca.1852-1903). Spanish engraver.

Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevskiy (1895 - 1977), Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1943. He served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (1942-1945) and Deputy Minister of Defense during World War II, and as Minister of Defense from 1949 to 1953.

1800S 1860S Portrait John B Gordon Csa Confederate General During American Civil War

Hellmuth von Moltke, head of the general staff of the German Army, Cajetan Schweitzer -, artist

Gen. Fieldmarshall von der Goltz

Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold August Graf von Werder, 12 September 1808, 12 September 1887 was a Prussian General of the Infantry, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, exact date unknown

Czar as officer of Artillery, while he was czarewitsch, in uniform

Rear Admiral Spencer S. Wood circa 1905-1940.

Gustav Adolf Oskar Wilhelm Freiherr von Meerscheidt-Huellessem, 1825, 1895, was a Prussian officer, last General of the Infantry, Situation from the time of the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, which is also called the Franco-Prussian War, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Lieutenant Colonel William A. Temple, V.C., A.M.S. cabinet photographs, photographic prints, albumen prints, studio portraits, hand-coloured photographs

Germany, Berlin, German ex-kaiser in dress uniform of his beloved guards, 1898

Admiral Sperry, seated, in uniform

Portrait of a Carabiniere, by Cosola Demetrio, 1875, 19th Century, oil on canvas. Private collection. Whole artwork. Portrait of a Carabiniere bust moustache uniform roundel

José Gutiérrez de la Concha Irigoyen (Cordoba 1809 - Madrid 1895), Spanish military and politician, Marquis of Havana, viscount of Cuba, great of Spain of the first class, captain general of the national armies in 1868, director and colonel general of the royal artillery corps, general director of cavalry, superior governor and captain general of Cuba. From La Ilustracion Española y Americana 1895

General von Carlowitz

Admiral E. Barry

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (1896 - 1974) Marshal of the Soviet Union. He also served as Chief of the General Staff, Minister of Defence, and was a member of the Presidium of the Communist Party (later Politburo). During the Second World War,

Major-General Lord Chelmsford, British soldier, 1882.Artist: Lock & Whitfield

Luigi Cadorna (1850-1928), general jefe del ejército italiano. Grabado de 1923. Author: Lucien Hector Jonas.

'Major-General Sir W. F. Gatacre, K. C. B.', 1900. William Forbes Gatacre (1843-1906) British soldier who served between 1862 and 1904 in India and Africa, commanding the 3rd Division during the first months of the Second Boer War. From "South Africa and the Transvaal War, Vol. III", by Louis Creswicke. T. C. & E. C. Jack, Edinburgh, 1900

King Edward in uniform

The Siege of Tsingtao was the attack on the German-controlled port of Tsingtao (now Qingdao) in China during World War I by Imperial Japan and the United Kingdom. It took place between 31 October and 7 November 1914 and was fought by Imperial Japan and the United Kingdom against Germany. It was the first encounter between Japanese and German forces, and also the first Anglo-Japanese operation during the war.

Francisco Villagomez Diaz de Quijada (1795-1887). Spanish military. Artillery Field Marshal. Engraving by N. Vazquez. "La Ilustracion", 1887.

Albrecht Theodor Emil von Roon, from 1871 Count von Roon, 30 April 1803, 23 February 1879, a Prussian field marshal. As Minister of War, he played a major role in Prussia's success in the German Wars of Unification, Historical, digital reproduction of an original 19th-century model

Oberst Isidor Tens. (I. G. Brig.) .

Gm.Hermann Sallagan.Kmdt.d.27.I.Div. .

Plot against Prince Paul - "A plot to assassinate Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, head of the Yugoslav Regency Council, and brother-in-law of the Duchess of Kent, was foiled by the Belgrade police according to reports from Belgrade, this week.A number of arrests were stated to have been made in the capital". Portrait of, Prince Paul of Yugoslavia. January 27, 1936.

Captain Schneider. .

Historical drawing, portrait of Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann or Tann-Rathsamhausen, 1815-1881, Royal Bavarian Infantry General, Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, 1870-1871, between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia

Adm. John Fellowes

Adm. Winslow

The Armenian Genocide refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire during and just after World War I. It was implemented through wholesale massacres and deportations, with the deportations consisting of forced marches under conditions designed to lead to the death of the deportees. The total number of resulting Armenian deaths is generally held to have been between one and one and a half million. Other ethnic groups were similarly attacked by the Ottoman Empire during this period, including Assyrians and Greeks, and some scholars consider those events to be part of the same policy of extermination. It is widely acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides, as scholars point to the systematic, organized manner in which the killings were carried out to eliminate the Armenians, and it is the second most-studied case of genocide after the Holocaust. The word genocide was coined in order to describe these events.

General Fidel D·vila Arrondo (1878 ñ 1962). Spanish Army officer who seized Burgos for the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War. 1936

Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen, 18 June 1815, 26 April 1881, was a Bavarian general, German, digital improved reproduction of an original 19th century print

Portrait of Ernst Lodewijk Karel Albrecht Willem, William & Daniel Downey, c. 1884 - in or before 1894 photomechanical print London paper ruler, sovereign. (military) uniforms

General Major of Merten.

The late Lieutenant C. A. Montanaro, R.A., 1880. 'This promising young officer died on Dec. 20 last from the effect of wounds received on the 19th before Cabul ie Kabul, Afghanistan. Charles Alfred Montanaro was horn on June 20, 1855, was educated at the Southampton College, from which he passed direct into the Royal Military Academy (at his first attempt), in February, 1872, and got his commission in August, 1874, having been in the same term with the ill-fated Prince Imperial. He proceeded to India with his battery in January, 1876, and served at Allahabad and Morar until the beginning of

Captain of the Artillery Roman Karlovich Birger, 1863. Issued in 1884. S.-Peterburg. Publisher, Fototipiia V. Shteina i S. Lapteva, Pervyi kadetskii korpus (Russia)

The Allies in the First World War, France, Colonel of the Infantry, Colonel Balagny, Commander of the 65th Infantry Regiment (1914) and the Infantry of the 19th Division (1917-18) ., Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated, Europe

Lieutenant General Sir Charles Warren at the time of the Second Boer War

August von Mackensen 1849-1945 General Field Marshal.

Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke, from 1870 Count von Moltke, 26 October 1800 -24 April 1891, was a Prussian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff, Germany, digital improved reproduction of an original 19th century print, Europe

Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz, 27 December 1796, 2 August (1877), was a German Generalfeldmarschall, Historisch, digital restaurierte Reproduktion eine...

General Radko Dimitriev (1859-1918) Bulgarian soldier. During the First World War be served idn the Russian army. Chromolithograph.

Ab, Pavel Yefimovich (1902-) State Central Artillery Museum, St. Petersburg 1946 76 60 Oil on canvas Soviet Art Russia

Paul Stanislaus Eduard von Leszczynski, 1830, 1918, was a Prussian General of the Infantry, Situation from the time of the Franco-Prussian War or Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Portrait of William I, German Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, 27 September 1781 - 25 June 1864, was King of Wuerttemberg, Germany / Porträt von Wilhelm I., deutsch Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, 27. September 1781 - 25. Juni 1864, war König von Württemberg, Deutschland, historisch, C:CC5historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

JUAN ZABALA Y DE LA PUENTE (1804-1879) - MILITAR Y POLITICO ESPAÑOL.

Commander AF Petterssén Shuttle 1873-1875.Commander AF Petterssén Shipwreck 1873-1875

Anatoly Mikhaylovich Stossel (1848-1915) Russian general in command of Port Arthur 1904, during Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905.

Portrait of Pascual Cervera y Topete (Medina Sidonia 1839 - Puerto Real 1909) admiral in the Spanish Navy, Commander of the armored ship Pelayo, Spain. Old XIX century engraved illustration from La Ilustracion Española y Americana 1890

The Allies in the First World War, Italy, counteradmiral, counter-admiral Grassi, Marineattachí at the Italian embassy in Paris, historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated 1f-4913463

Karl Wilhelm Georg von Grolman, 30 July 1777, 1 June 1843, was a Prussian general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars, Historical, digital reproduction ...

Henri Gerard Winkelman (1876-1952) Dutch army officer, Commander-in-Chief of Dutch forces during the invasion of the Netherlands by Germany.

Photograph of General Maurice Gamelin (1872-1958) a French general and Commander-in-Chief of the French forces in World War II. Dated 1939

John Denton Pinkstone French, Earl of Ypres (1852-1925) British Army officer born in Ripple Vale, Kent, England. Created Field Marshal in 1913. Commanded the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at the beginning of the First World War. Because of poor judgement, he was replaced in December 1915 by Douglas Haig.

Hermann Heinrich Theodor von Tresckow (1 May 1818) (20 April 1900) was a Prussian General of the Infantry, Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Col. John Biddle USA

Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, 1862 - 1929, was Grand Admiral of the Imperial Navy, historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original.

Jean Baptiste dAurelle de Paladines, Französecher General, Henri Charles Langerock , photographer

Count von Bismarck-Bohlen, general governor of Alsace, illustrated war history, German, French war 1870-1871, Germany, France, Europe

Gonzalo Quiepo de Llano, Nationalist general in the Spanish Civil War. Quiepo de Llano (1875-1951) was one of the senior army officers whose rebellion against the Republican government in 1936 led to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. He was active in Andalusia during the conflict. After his army captured Malaga in February 1937, 4000 Republican supporters were executed. After the war General Franco appointed Quiepo de Llano head of the Spanish Mission to Italy. The photographer is unknown.

Adm. Sir John Fisher

Portrait of baron Kazimierz de Vaux in a military uniform. Knüpfer, C. (fl. ca 1848), painter

CARICATURA DEL GENERAL AZCARRAGA, 22 DE MARZO DE 1896. AZCARRAGA Y PALMERO MARCELO.

Charles Winans Chipp (1848 - 1881) was a United States Navy officer and explorer. The Jeannette expedition of 1879-1881, Journal of Captain George Washington De Long 1879-1881. Old 19th century engraving from Le Tour du Monde 1906

Gonzalo Quiepo de Llano, Nationalist general in the Spanish Civil War. Artist: Unknown

Otto von Bismarck Artist Unknown

Photograph of Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts (1832 - 1914) in uniform. Dated 1901

'M. Claveille, directeur des Transports et Importations', 1916. From "Collection de la Guerre IV. L'Illustration Tome CXLVIII. La Guerre Juillet, Aout, Septembre, Octobre, Novembre, Decembre 1916". (M. Claveille, Director of Transport and Imports).

Etienne de Villaret, 1854 to 1931, French general in the First World War. From L'Illustration, 1916, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich August of Prussia, 19 September 1779, 19 July 1843, Prussian General of the Infantry and Inspector General and Chief of Artillery, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Abreu e Sousa, Joao Crisostomo of (1811-1895). Portuguese political and military. Engraving by A. Carretero.

Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (Russian: лекса́ндр Вси́льевич Колча́к, 16 November [O.S. 4 November 1874 - 7 February 1920) was a polar explorer and commander in the Imperial Russian Navy, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russian Civil War, he established a counter-revolutionary government in Siberia—later the Provisional All-Russian Government—and was recognised as the 'Supreme Ruler and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces' by the other leaders of the White movement (1918-1920). His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia. He tried to defeat Bolshevism by ruling as a dictator but his government proved weak and confused. For example, he lost track of the imperial gold reserves and much of it disappeared. He failed to unite all the disparate elements. He refused to consider autonomy for ethnic minorities, refused to collaborate with non-Bolshevik leftists, and relied too heavily on outside aid. As his White forces

Portrait of Lieutenant Johannes Schouw Santvoort, (1846 - 1877) Royal Dutch Navy, Sumatra Island. Indonesia. Drawing by Eugene Ronjat (1822 - 1912) Across the island of Sumatra 1877 by Daniel David Veth (1850 - 1885) Le Tour du Monde 1880

The Allies in the First World War, British Empire, Infantry Sergeant Eugene Burnand (d. 1921), Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Gen. Hunter Liggett

General Manuel Pavia, from the Universal Illustration, January 25, 1874. Spain, 19th century.

Military Persons in the Franco-Prussian War 1870, 1871, General von Decker, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Gustav von Alvensleben, 1803, 1881, was a Prussian General of the Infantry, Situation from the time of the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871, also known as the Franco-Prussian War, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

General Antoine Eugene Alfred Chanzy, historical illustration, 1884

JosÈ MoscardÛ e Ituarte,(1878 ñ 1956) military Governor of Toledo Province during the Spanish Civil War. He sided with the Nationalist army fighting the Republican government and his most notable action was the defence and holding of the Alcazar of Toledo against Republican forces.

Col. Wm Byam 65th Regt C.B., circa 1860, maker unknown.

'Jan Christian Smuts (1870-1950) South African and British Commonwealth statesman, soldier and philospher. During First World War he directed operations in German East Africa. Chromolithograph.'

Joseph Stalin on the Southern Front in Tsaritsyn by Anonymous /State Museum of History, Moscow/1918/Photograph/Russia/Portrait,History

Robert Georges Nivelle, French First World War genreral, (1926). Artist: Unknown

General Marie Fayolle (1852-1928) French artillery officer who retired in 1914. Brought out of retirement at the beginning of the First World War. In March 1916 was given command of the French Reserve Army Group which saw success at the Second Battle of the Marne. Fayolle in 1916.

Gen. J.E. Mahoney

General Louis Felix Marie Francois Fouchet d'Esperey (1856-1942) French army officer. In the First World War he commanded French forces on both the Western and Balkan fronts.

FREDERICK SLEIGH 1st EARL ROBERTS British soldier who served in India, Afghanistan and South Africa

Billy Mitchell, 1920s - William Lendrum Mitchell (December 29, 1879 - February 19, 1936) was a United States Army general who is regarded as the father of the United States Air Force

Royal Navy Captain Segrave was in command of the armed merchant cruiser HMS Orama when, together with HMS Glasgow and HMS Kent, it located and sank the German cruiser Dresden off the coast of Chile on 14 March 1915. Faces of the First World War Find out more about this First World War Centenary project at www.1914.org/faces. This image is from IWM Collections.

Schefket Pacha, in uniform

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