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Reformation and Historical Events

Engravings of key moments from the Reformation era including Martin Luther and significant biblical trials, illustrating historical tensions.

Martin Luther The Great Reformator. Luther accused by clergy at the Diet of Worms, 1521

The Adoration of the Magi. Jan Harmensz. Muller (Holland, Amsterdam, 1571-1628). Holland, 1598. Prints; engravings. Engraving

Nebuchadnezzar murdering the children of Zedekiah. Old Testament. Antique digitally colored Biblical illustration by Gustave Doré (1832-1883)

Lazio Roma Rome Episcopal Complex (S. Giovanni in Laterano, Baptistery, Cathedral, Cloister)19. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Exterior views of 5th c. baptistery, restored in the 17th c. Interior views of baptismal urn (16th c.), carved walls, ceiling and wall painting; of mosaics and bronze doors in Cappella del Battista; of altar and mosaics in Cappella di S. Venanzio; of mosaic and statue in Cappella di S. Giovanni Evangelista. Architecture, architectural sculpture, sculpture, sculptural fragments, fresco painting, painting, coffering, tiling, stucco. Views 756-886 are of the cathedral. Medieval: Architecture, architectural sculpture, sculptural fragments, architectural fragments, tombstones, mosaics, sculpture, fresco painting, sculptural relief. Object Notes: Hutzel includes guidebook in German on the site. prints matched to negs General Notes: Views 756 thru 886 are of the Baptistery. German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s u

Fulco of Jerusalem or Fulco V of Anjou the Younger, Fulk, Fulco, 1089, 92-1143, also known as Fulk the Younger, was the Count of Anjou from 1109 to 1129 and the King of Jerusalem from 1131 until his death, First Crusade, Historical, digital reproduction of a 19th century original

Painting depicting Jesus Christ in Pilate's Judgement Hall

King Philip VI of France (1293-1350), the Fortunate, taking the oriflamme of St. Denis. Engraving by Ecosse, 1851.

Eleanor of Northumberland surrenders Bamburgh Castle to William II after the besiegers had threatened to blind her husband Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, who had been captured in Tynemouth. Date: 1099

Painting depicting Jesus Christ being dragged towards Pilate's Judgement Hall

Saint Thomas Becket, c.1118-1170. English martyr and Archbishop of Canterbury. Becket washing the feet of beggars.

Santa Orosia (855-870), virgen y mártir, princesa de Bohemia, capturada por tropas islámicas durante su viaje a Aragón para casarse con un príncipe visigodo, decapitada por negarse a contraer matrimonio con el jefe de dichas tropas. Grabado de 1852.

Guerra de sucesión (1714). Historia. Siglo XVIII. Barcelona. Reparto de víveres entre los pobres después de la ocupación de la ciudad por las tropas felipistas en 1715. Grabado de 1850.

Skiopticone image. Photograph of artwork / print. "The Induloences of the Ninety Five Propositions (Scenes in Front All Saints Church, Wittemberg) 31 Oct 1517".

The Bishop of Salisbury before Saladin, Illustration from John Cassell's Illustrated History of England, Vol. I from the earliest period to the reign of Edward the Fourth, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1857

Bishop Odo surrenders Rochester Castle, 1088

SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI asks Innocent III for permission to found an order of friars, the Franciscans. Date: 1182 - 1226

Peronella de Roma, santa Petronila (siglo I), mártir. Grabado de 1852.

VII Council of Tarragona, 1312. It was presided over by Guillem de Rocaberti, archbishop of Tarragona (1309-1315). Session of the council in which the Knights Templar of the Crown of Aragon were judged. On 7 July 1312 they were declared innocent, and their property became owned by the Knights Hospitaller, with the exception of that of the Temple of Valencia, where the Order of Montesa was created. Engraving. "Glorias Espanolas" (Glories of Spain). Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1890.

Historical illustration from the 19th Century, Saint Francis preaching in front of Pope Honorius III or Cencio Savelli, 1148 - 1227, after a painting by Giotto di Bondone, 1267 - 1337, an Italian painter in the 13th Century

John The Baptist in Prison Sends His Disciples to Jesus Artist Unknown

Harold Swearing to maintain the Right of the Duke of Normandy to the Throne of England, Illustration from John Cassell's Illustrated History of England, Vol. I from the earliest period to the reign of Edward the Fourth, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1857

Joshua dismisses the three and a half tribes, Reubenite, Gadite, Manasseh, meet, call, group, donkey, camel, building, build, shore, Bible, Old Testament, The Book of Joshua, chapter 22, verse 1, historical illustration c. 1850, Middle East

From 1841 Exhibition of painting, A Scene of the Inquisition, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1841.

King Philip VI of France (1293-1350), the Fortunate, taking the oriflamme of St. Denis. Engraving by Ecosse, 1851.

Solemn dedication of the walls of Jerusalem, inaugurate, event, tropes, Levites, singing, Cornu, joy, fire, Bible, Old Testament, The Book of Nehemiah, chapter 12, verse27, historical illustration circa 1850

Captured Knights Templar in Cairo, Fourth Crusade, Egypt, Historical, digital reproduction of an original 19th century artwork, Africa

The Coronation of William the Conqueror, Illustration from John Cassell's Illustrated History of England, Vol. I from the earliest period to the reign of Edward the Fourth, Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1857

Clotilde receiving ring of Clovis. The 1906 caption reads: Clovis, the Frankish conqueror, sought to wed the Burgundian princess Clotilde, but she was a Christian and in disfavor with her uncle, the Burgundian King. So Clovis sent a friend secretly to where she was living in seclusion. Clotilde found the wayfarer at her door and, following the Christian custom, invited him in and began bathing his weary feet, Then the messenger slipped Cloviss royal ring into her hand and delivered his message. Clotilde became the Frankish queen and brought Christianity to the land.

Joseph Being Sold by His Brethren by Gustave Dore, 1832-1883

Charles, son of Pepin-le-Bref, learns of his father's death : he becomes king of the Franks, and later will be crowned Holy Roman Emperor ruling much of western Europe. Date: 768

Nebuchadnezzar murdering the children of Zedekiah. Old Testament. Antique bible illustration by Gustave Dore (1832-1883)

Semana Santa en Toledo. Viernes Santo. Caballeros guardianes del Santo Sepulcro. Grabado de 1869.

Western Schism (1378-1417). Antipope John XXIII, born Baldasarre Cossa (c. 1370-1419), in prison after being deposed in 1415. Engraving by Serra Pausas. "Glorias Espanolas" (Glories of Spain). Volume II. Published in Barcelona, 1890.

(saint) Frederick I Bishop of Utrecht between 815/816 and 834/838; was a grandson of the Frisian King Radboud. he was murdered on 18 July 838

The Seraphim of Backstage Theatre in Paris, vintage engraving. The Seraphim of Backstage Theatre in Paris, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1867. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10678343

''Blowing the Horn at the Hotel on the Stalheimsklev, Norway', 1891. From "The Graphic. An Illustrated Weekly Newspaper", Volume 44. July to December, 1891.

The Seraphim of Backstage Theatre in Paris, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1867.

Agüeros y vaticinios en el nacimiento del príncipe de Asturias Fernando (futuro Fernando VII) en 1784. Grabado. Historia del Levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España por el Conde de Toreno. Madrid,1851.

Print of table depicting 'Paul IV confirming the Order of Santa Cruz' by Palma il Giovane (1544-1628) Italian Mannerist painter from Venice. Dated 17th Century

St. Robert confessing his faith on his deathbed, historical steel engraving from 1860

Coronation procession of King Frederick I of Prussia, Queen Sophie Charlotte with retinue, 18 January 1701, Historic, digital reproduction of a 19th century original

The townspeople of Laon, in northern France, vexed by the greedy demands of Gaudry, a Norman noble who had purchased the bishopric, kill him Date: 1112

Dirk VI, Count of Holland, begs the Bishop of Utrecht for forgiveness, 1143. Draughtsman: Jacobus Buys (signed by artist). Dating: 1787 - 1789. Measurements: h 150 mm × w 90 mm. Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

The Tribute Money. Jesus telling his questioners to render up to Caesar what was Caesar's. From JJ Tissot 'The Life of Our Saviour Jesus Christ' c1890. Oleograph

SAINT PATRICK The Saint defeats the Druids and converts the King. Date: 390 - 461

Spain. Holy Office. A convicted heretic before the Inquistion, wearing a sanbenito and capirote. Engraving, 19th century.

Engraving depicting Bishop Bernard receiving Emperor Henry II at the Cathedral at Hildesheim

The Sultana Schedscher-Eddur, in 1230, Fifth Crusade, Crusades were strategically, religiously and economically motivated wars sanctioned by the Latin...

Muerte del gobernador de Burgos, Isidoro Gutiérrez de Castro (1824-1868), por las turbas descontentas en las escalinatas de la catedral. Grabado de 1868.

A pilgrim is immersed in the piscine at Lourdes, whose water, though far from pure, may none the less effect a miraculous cure... Date: 1895

Historic photo (ca 1880) of The Fisherman in front of the Doge of Venice, Venice, painting by Paris Bordone, Italy, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown, Europe

Execution of the comuneros of Castille, Villalar, Spain. 24 April 1521. Juan de Padillo 1491-1521, Juan Bravo Comunero de Segovia b-1521 and Francisco Maldonado Comunero de Salamanca,1480-1521

The Confession. Dutch copperplate engraving, 1754, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown

SHAKESPEARE, William (1564-1616). English poet and playwright. Illustration for William Shakespeare's work 'The Comedy of Errors', written between 1592-1593 and inspired in Plautus. Scene with Doctor Pinch and Antipholus. Engraving from the 19th c. Engraving.

Vor einer Moschee in Konstantinopel, im Jahre 1860, digital restaurierte Reproduktion Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, genaues Originaldatum n...

Toppling of the old Saxon Irminsul pillar by Charlemagne or Charles the Great, historical illustration, circa 1886

Judith, Jewish heroine, having gained confidence of the Assyrian general Holofernes, cuts off his head and saves the town of Bethulia from capture. Judith 13:10 from Gustave Dore's illustrated 'Bible' 1866. Wood engraving

'Death of Becket', 1170, (19th century).Artist: John Cross

The Death of Balduin I. Crusades were strategically, religiously and economically motivated wars sanctioned by the Latin Church between 1095-99 and the 13th century, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown

Illustration showing a Belgian priest reading Cardinal Mercier's protest against deportations to his congregation, whilst a German soldier stands guard at the bottom of his pulpit, 1916. At that time German forces in Belgium were deporting large numbers of 'unemployed' civilians to Germany to work for German industry. Date: 1916

Elizabeth I on her way to open the first Royal Exchange, London, 23 January 1571. Copperplate engraving c1680.

Servants our wine, serve tables, and carry trays piled with food for a group of Roman men at a banquet. the 1900 illustration is titled 'The Banquet of Crassus. Crassus was one of the wealthiest Romans in the first century B.C. Note the men reclining on couches, as was the custom at the time.

Treaty of Arras. Concluded in October 1191 by the interposition of William de Champagne (Guillaume de Champagne), Archbishop of Rheims; between Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, and Matilda of Portugal (1151-1218), widow of Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders. They agreed on the inheritance of the County of Flanders. Engraving by Huyot after a miniature in "Chroniques de Hainaut", 1446-1448. "Vie Militaire et Religieuse au Moyen Age et à l'Epoque de la Renaissance". Paris, 1877. Author: Huyot (19th century).

Henry VIII delivering the translated Bible to his Lords, Illustration from the Book, "John Cassels Illustrated History of England, Volume II", text by William Howitt, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, London, 1858

Napoleon reinstates the cult of the Israelites, 30 May 1806. Contemporary copperplate engraving

Nathan's Penitential Sermon by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, print, 1794-1872

The last rites being administered at the deathbed of a dying monk. Etching by J.A. Riedel, 1754, after G.M. Crespi.

Citizens of Lodi imploring Friedrich's Help, Anonymous

Religious discussion of Poissy, 9 December 1561, France, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, Europe

Ramiro II of Aragon, the Monk (1086-1157). King of Aragon (1134-1157). Scene depicting the legend of the Bell of Huesca, or Legend of the Monk King. Ramiro decapitated all the noblemen who had dared to challenge his royal power. Engraving after the painting by Casado del Alisal. Detail. La Ilustración Española y Americana, 1882.

Flemish citizens pay their last respects to Lamiral, graaf van Egmont, and graaf van Hoorn, executed by Alva's orders despite their innocence of any active resistance.

Robert II, 972, 1032, called the Pious or the Wise, was King of the Franks from 996 until his death. Here the annulment of the marriage when Pope Greg...

Joash shoots at Elisha's prayer from the window, interior, arrow, bow, shoot, two men, Elisha, speak, Syrians, battle, win, Bible, Old Testament, Second Book of Kings, chapter 13, verse 17, historical illustration c. 1850, Near East

Catherine de Medici after the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572, a targeted series of murders and a wave of Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots, French Calvinist Protestants, during the French Wars of Religion, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

Illustration depicting George Wishart (1513-1546) a Scottish religious reformer and Protestant martyr. Dated 16th Century

Medieval university. Engraving, 19th century.

Charlemagne (742-814) examines a plan of a chapel for the palace of Aachen, Germany. Engraving, 1882. Color.

Lady Jane Grey, 1536 - 1554, briefly Queen of England, nicknamed Nine Days Queen or Queen of thirteen days, historical engraving from the Buch denkwuerdiger Frauen or book of memorable woman, published by Otto Spamer, 1877

Saint Martial was the first bishop of Limoges in today's France. Died 1st or 3rd centuries. Engraving by Capuz. Ano Cristiano, 1852.

Irish Men and Women at the time of Queen Elizabeth I; Black and White Illustration;

History of the ecumenical councils of Rome. First Council of Nicea in 325, convened by Emperor Constantine I and ratified by Pope St. Sylvester I. Published in Paris, engraving, 1869.

Part of the funeral procession of Ernst Casimir, Count of Nassau-Dietz in Leeuwarden (plate 20), 1633, 1634 print Part of the funeral procession with citizens of the city of Leeuwarden. The departure of the procession from the town hall. On the right a cartouche with a hanging cloth with text in Latin. Plate no. 20 In the press series of the funeral of Ernst Casimir, count of Nassau-Dietz in Leeuwarden, January 3, 1633. The weapons and banners are colored. This sheet stuck together with magazines 17, 18 and 20. print maker: Northern Netherlandspublisher: Leeuwarden paper etching / engraving cortege, funeral procession Big church. Leeuwarden

Varieties of the houppelande, c14th century, (1910). Artist: Unknown

Mary of Scotland mourning over the dying Douglas at the Battle of Langside, 1568

Cardinal Camerlengo solemnly verifies that Pope Pius IX is well and truly dead Date: 1878

Christian marriage in the first centuries of the church, vintage engraved illustration.

A macebearer man, Vatican. Rome. Italy, drawing by Alphonse de Neuville (1835-1885) Holy Week in Rome, 1863 by Ludovic Celler (1828-1909) Le Tour du Monde 1867

The death of Athaliah (Second book of Chronicles, 23) Old Testament. Antique bible illustration by Gustave Dore (1832-1883)

Ridley and latimer. At the place of their execution. The Reformation. 16th cent. Engraving.

Phocas of Sinope, 4th Century Christian Martyr, also known as Phocas the Gardener, is confronted by his Roman assassins

Martin Luther in front of Thomas Cajetan in Augsburg, Germany, 1518, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Europe

Vow of the first Companions of St. Ignatius in the church of Montmatre, on Assumption Day, 1534. Father Pierre Lefevre saying mass. From Science and Literature in The Middle Ages by Paul Lacroix published London 1878

HOTEL-DIEU, PARIS nuns, nurses and patients - some of them sharing beds Date: 15th century

The Massacre of the French at Palermo, during the Sicilian Vespers. Dated 13th Century

Fashion, costumes from ancient times, from left: Phrygian women's costume, old Lydian women's costume, Coan robe, Phrygian men's costume, Asia Minor men's costume, Phrygian men's costume, Greek men's costume, two costumes of northeast Asia Minor, historical illustration

Law habits, 14th-15th centuries, (1910). Artist: Unknown

Saint Mamertus (died C. 475). Bishop of Vienne in Gaul. Engraving by Severini. Ano Cristiano. 19th century.

Persian Wedding Feast, Dance of the Boys Dressed as Girls, Persia, Women in the 19th century, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

SAINT AUGUSTINE bishop of Hippo, surrounded by grieving friends and mourning well- wishers at his funeral. He dies while Hippo, in Algeria, is being besieged by Vandals. Date: 354 - 430

Ramiro II of Aragon, the Monk (1086-1157). King of Aragon (1134-1157). Scene depicting the legend of the Bell of Huesca, or Legend of the Monk King. Ramiro decapitated all the noblemen who had dared to challenge his royal power. Engraving after the painting by Casado del Alisal. Detail. La Ilustración Española y Americana, 1882.

The Grand Scot of the Sacred Vaults initiation ceremony. Upon exiting a dark corridor, he is greeted by a (stuffed) lion holding a sword in its mouth, and a Brother who pretends to prevent him from entering the underground chamber. Date: 1890s

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