Astronauts in Space Missions

Historical images of astronauts performing various tasks inside space shuttles, including using equipment and conducting research in microgravity environments.

An astronaut inside a NASA Command Module, 1970s.Artist: NASA
An astronaut inside a NASA Command Module, 1970s.Artist: NASA
259 assets in this story
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STS081-301-031 (12-22 Jan 1997) --- Shortly after docking of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and Russia's Mir Space Station, crew members from the respective spacecraft begin to transfer hardware from the Spacehab Double Module (DM) onto the Mir complex. Here, cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, Mir-22 commander, along with astronauts Michael A. Baker, commander, and Brent W. Jett, Jr., pilot, unstow a gyrodyne, device for attitude control, transfer to Mir.
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In the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 1, STS-102 Pilot James W. Kelly checks out the window of Discovery from the inside while workers (right) check the outside. The mission crew is at KSC for Crew Equipment Interface Test activities.
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STS043-03-001 (2-11 Aug 1991) --- Astronaut Shannon W. Lucid, STS-43 mission specialist, is pictured with a sample from the Bio-serve Instrumentation Technology Associates Materials Dispersion Apparatus (BIMDA). BIMDA is designed to obtain data on scientific methods and commercial potential for growing large high quality protein crystals in microgravity. The experimental focus is on both synthetic and natural biological processes that provide the foundation of the assembly of large structures from macromolecules. In addition, cell processes and membrane (cell and artificial) processes are being evaluated. BIMDA experiments are stored and operated on the middeck in a refrigerator/incubator module (R/IM). During this flight, the R/IM maintains a constant internal temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. This experiment also flew on NASAs STS-37 mission.
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STS103-378-013 (19-27 December 1999) ---Astronaut Scott J. Kelly, STS-103 pilot, goes over a checklist for a procedure on Discovery's forward flight deck.
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STS038-25-005 (20 Nov 1990) --- STS-38 Mission Specialist (MS) Robert C. Springer, holding HASSELBLAD camera, positions himself under aft flight deck overhead window W7 before recording the Earth's surface below. Behind Springer are Atlantis', Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104's, on orbit station and aft flight deck viewing windows.
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STS035-15-035 (2-10 Dec 1990) --- STS-35 crewmembers perform a microgravity experiment using their drinking water while on the middeck of Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. Mission Specialist (MS) Jeffrey A. Hoffman (left) has released some water from a drinking container which he holds in his hand. MS John M. Lounge (wearing glasses, center) and Payload Specialist Samuel T. Durrance along with Hoffman study the changing shape and movement of the sphere of water.
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STS042-45-033 (30 Jan. 1992) --- Astronauts Ronald J. Grabe (left) and Stephen S. Oswald man the commander and pilot stations, respectively, during the entry phase of the STS-42 mission. The pink glow through the front windows telltale of friction caused heat encountered upon passing through Earth's atmosphere on the return trip home.
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S99-05085 (April 1999) --- In preparation for a STS-93 detailed test objective (DTO), astronauts Jeffrey S. Ashby, pilot, and Catherine G. (Cady) Coleman, mission specialist, train with a high-definition television camcorder. The camera will be carried onboard the Space Shuttle Columbia for their scheduled July mission. The rehearsal with the DTO 700-17A hardware took place in the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT)in the Systems Integration Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).
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Astronauts Stuart A. Roosa, and Alfred M. Worden training a tRendezvous Docking Simulator NASA Langley. Worden was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 9 flight and as backup command module pilot for the Apollo 12 flight.Colonel Roosa was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He was a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 9 flight.
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51D-07-003 (12-19 April 1985) --- Astronaut Rhea Seddon begins early work on a fly swatter-like snagging device to be used as an extension to the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm on Discovery for an April 17, 1985 attempt to trip a lever on the troubled Syncom-IV satellite.
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STS027-05-020 (2-6 Dec. 1988) --- In the foreground, astronauts Robert L. Gibson (left) and Guy S. Gardner, commander and pilot, respectively, for the STS-27 mission, repair a 3/4-inch video reel on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis.
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S85-42470 (16 Oct. 1985) --- Sharon Christa McAuliffe, right, and Barbara R. Morgan, participating in the Teacher-in-Space Project, team up with Bob Mayfield, a JSC aerospace educations specialist, to preview some experiments in zero-G. A KC-135 aircraft flies a special pattern to provide series of brief periods of weightlessness. McAuliffe, prime crew member for STS-51L, injects a hydroponic solution into a cylinder to review one of the experiments planned for the flight. Morgan is backup for McAuliffe on that mission.
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Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, flight engineer for Expedition One, is positioned by a porthole aboard the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station (ISS) as the Space Shuttle Atlantis approaches for docking to begin several days of joint activities between the two crews. Visible through the window are the crew cabin and forward section of the Shuttle amidst scattered clouds above the Western Pacific. The aft part of the cargo bay stowing the Destiny Laboratory is not visible in this scene.
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STS-83 crew M113 driver training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT.
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STS79-E-5088 (19 September 1996) --- Left to right, Valeri G. Korzun, Thomas D. Akers and William F. Readdy discuss the agenda of their shared activities for the next few days, on Flight Day 4. Korzun and Readdy share common positions - that of commander - for the Mir-22 and STS-79 missions, respectively. Akers is a STS-79 mission specialist.
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NM21-388-012 (For Release October 1996) --- Astronaut Shannon Lucid (background) exercises on the treadmill in the Mir space station Base Block while Mir 21 flight engineer Yury V. Usachev is wired for an experiment.
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STS008-13-0361 (30 Aug.-5 Sept. 1983) --- Astronaut Guion S. Bluford, STS-8 mission specialist, assists Dr. William E. Thornton (out of frame) with a medical test that requires use of the treadmill exercising device designed for spaceflight by the STS-8 medical doctor. This frame was shot with a 35mm camera.
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Views of Sen. Jake Garn and Charles Walker during STS-51B, Medical Experiment Training, 1-G Trainer, Bldg. 9A. 1. Senator Jake Garn - STS-51B Training 2. Charles Walker - STS-51B Training JSC, Houston, TX
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Astronaut Kenneth S. Reightler, pilot for the STS-60 mission, prepares to simulate egress from a troubled Space Shuttle using Crew Escape System (CES) pole. The action came during emergency egress training in JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.
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C-141 KAO experimenters package with Dr. Ted Hilgeman University of Chicago
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STS-95 Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai (left), with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski (right) look over equipment being used on an experiment with toadfish on mission STS-95. The fish will be electronically monitored to determine the effect of gravitational changes on the inner-ear system. Mukai and Parazynski and other crewmembers were making final preparations for launch, targeted for liftoff at 2 p.m. on Oct. 29. The STS-95 crew also includes Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, and Mission Specialist Pedro Duque, with the European Space Agency (ESA). The mission is expected to last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, returning to KSC at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7
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S82-28534 (16 March 1982) --- Astronauts Jack R. Lousma, left, and C. Gordon Fullerton are at the commander and pilot s station, respectively, in the shuttle mission simulator at the LBJ Space Centers mission simulation and training facility. They have less than a week of training left in preparation for NASA s third space transportation system (STS-3) flight. Scheduled to launch on March 22, STS-3 in expected to give space shuttle Columbia its longest stay (seven days) thus far.
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S73-17859 (January 1973) --- Astronaut Paul J. Weitz, pilot for Skylab 2 (first Skylab manned) mission, looks over off-duty recreational equipment in the crew quarters of the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer during Skylab simulation activity at the Manned Spacecraft Center. The equipment includes such items as tape decks and stereo music equipment, playing cards, darts, etc. The OWS is a component of the Skylab space station cluster which will be launched unmanned aboard a Saturn V in summer of 1973, and will be visited three times by three-man crews over an eight month period.
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STS051-16-028 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- On Discovery's middeck, astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, works with an array of computers, including one devoted to Global Positioning System (GPS) operations, a general portable onboard computer displaying a tracking map, a portable audio data modem and another payload and general support computer. Newman was joined by four other NASA astronauts for almost ten full days in space.
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NM18-308-001 (March-July 1995) --- Onboard Mir's base block module, cosmonaut Gennadiy M. Strekalov, uses a hand held device to check the air. He stands near the table used for a great variety of activity--from eating, to chart-making, to hosting onboard press conferences. This visual was one of many shown by the Mir-18 crew at a press conference on July 18 in Houston.
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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-95 Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski, M.D., (left) and Payload Specialist John Glenn (right), who is a senator from Ohio, look over experiments in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility (SPPF) for the mission scheduled to launch Oct. 29. STS-95 crew members have been participating in SPACEHAB familiarization in the SPPF. Scheduled to launch Oct. 29, the mission includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker, as well as the SPACEHAB single module with experiments on space flight and the aging process
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In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers applaud the turnover of the P6 Integrated Truss Structure by International Space Station ground operations to the NASA shuttle integration team in a special ceremony. Standing in front are STS-97 Mission Specialists Joe Tanner and Carlos Noriega plus Pilot Mike Broomfield. Behind and left of Tanner is Mission Specialist Marc Garneau. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission involves two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST
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Female astronauts Jan Davis and Mae Jemison undergo training at Marshall's Spacelab-J Crew Training facility.
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JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON, TEXAS -- Three crew members look at the Hubble Space Telescope through overhead windows. Left to right are Bruce McCandless, Steve Hawley and Loren Shriver.
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Japanese astronaut, Mamoru Mohri, talks to Japanese students from the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour during the Spacelab-J (SL-J) mission. The SL-J mission was a joint venture between NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) utilizing a marned Spacelab module. The mission conducted 24 materials science and 20 life science experiments, of which 35 were sponsored by NASDA, 7 by NASA, and two collaborative efforts. Materials science investigations covered such fields as biotechnology, electronic materials, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena, glasses and ceramics, metals and alloys, and acceleration measurements. Life sciences included experiments on human health, cell separation and biology, developmental biology, animal and human physiology and behavior, space radiation, and biological rhythms. Test subjects included the crew, Japanese koi fish (carp), cultured animal and plant cells, chicken embryos, fruit flies, fungi and plant seeds,
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STS085-316-036 (7 - 19 August 1997) --- Astronaut Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., mission specialist, takes pictures of Earth with a 70mm handheld camera through the overhead windows on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery. Curbeam, a member of the 1995 class of astronaut candidates, is making his first flight aboard a Space Shuttle.
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STS052-24-014 (22 Oct-1 Nov 1992) --- Canadian payload specialist Steven G. MacLean tries out gymnastics in the weightlessness of space on the aft flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. MacLean, along with five NASA astronauts, spent ten days aboard Columbia for the STS-52 mission.
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STS054-S-033 (17 Jan 1993) --- Runco works with a mobile foot restraint during extravehicular activity (EVA) in Endeavour's cargo bay. The scene was downlinked at 11 52 04 28 GMT, Jan. 17, 1993.
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ISS008-E-10768 (28 December 2003) --- Astronaut C. Michael Foale (left), Expedition 8 mission commander and NASA ISS science officer, and cosmonaut Alexander Y. Kaleri, flight engineer, pose with holiday decorations in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Kaleri represents Rosaviakosmos.
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(From left) STS-88 Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, Jerry L. Ross and James H. Newman examine some equipment that will be used on their upcoming space flight. The astronauts are in the Operations and Checkout Building as part of the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. Mission STS-88 is targeted for launch on Dec. 3, 1998. It is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station. The Space Shuttle Endeavour will carry the six-member crew and the Unity connecting module with its two attached pressurized mating adapters
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STS099-319-012 (11-22 February 2000) ---Astronaut Kevin R. Kregel, mission commander, works with video tape onSpace Shuttle Endeavour's flight deck.Kregel and five other astronauts went on to spend over 11 days in Earth orbit in support of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).
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STS-35 Payload Specialist Ronald A. Parise enters data into the payload and general support computer (PGSC) in preparation for Earth communication via the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. The SAREX equipment is secured to the middeck starboard sleep station. SAREX provided radio transmissions between ground based amateur radio operators around the world and Parise, a licensed amateur radio operator. The experiment enabled students to communicate with an astronaut in space, as Parise (call-sign WA4SIR) devoted some of his off-duty time to that purpose. Displayed on the forward lockers beside Parise is a AMSAT (Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation) / ARRL (American Radio Relay League) banner. Food items and checklists are attached to the lockers. In locker position MF43G, the Development Test Objective (DTO) Trash Compaction and Retention System Demonstration extended duration orbiter (EDO) compactor is visible.
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S92-45751 (1 Sept 1992) --- Astronaut Mario Runco Jr., mission specialist assigned to fly aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour for the STS-54 mission, gets in some rehearsal time with a camcorder. He is on the middeck of a Shuttle trainer.
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STS063-312-020 (3-11 Feb. 1995) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, pilot, at the pilot's station during hotfiring procedure to clear leaking thruster prior to rendezvous with Russia's Mir Space Station. Others onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; Bernard A. Harris, Jr., payload commander; mission specialists C. Michael Foale and Janice E. Voss, and cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov. This is one of 16 still photographs released by the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Public Affairs Office (PAO) on February 14, 1995.
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STS095-E-5258 (4 Nov. 1998) --- U.S. Sen. John H. Glenn Jr. (D.-Ohio), STS-95 payload specialist, checks over a notebook during Flight Day 7 activity aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 22:53:28 GMT, Nov. 4.
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The Zenith-1 (Z-1) Truss is officially presented to NASA by The Boeing Co. on the Space Station Processing Facility floor on July 31. STS-92 Commander Col. Brian Duffy, comments on the presentation. Pictured are The Boeing Co. processing team and STS-92 astronauts. The Z-1 Truss is the cornerstone truss of the International Space Station and is scheduled to fly in Space Shuttle Discovery's payload pay on STS-92 targeted for launch Oct. 5, 2000. The Z-1 is considered a cornerstone truss because it carries critical components of the Station's attitude, communications, thermal and power control systems as well as four control moment gyros, high and low gain antenna systems, and two plasma contactor units used to disperse electrical charge build-ups. The Z-1 truss and a Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-3), also flying to the Station on the same mission, will be the first major U.S. elements flown to the ISS aboard the Shuttle since the launch of the Unity element in December 1998
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S65-29652 (7 May 1965) --- Astronauts James A. McDivitt (right) and Edward H. White II are shown at the Morehead Planetarium in North Carolina, checking out celestial navigation equipment as part of their training for the Gemini-Titan 4 mission. The NASA Headquarters alternative photo number is 65-H-277.
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October 13, 2003. Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. Expedition 8 Soyuz Commander Alexander Kaleri climbs into the Soyuz TMA-3 vehicle in a processing facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Oct. 13, 2003 during prelaunch training with his crew mates, Expedition 8 Commander and NASA Science Officer Mike Foale and European Space Agency Astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain. The trio will be launched on Oct. 18 to the International Space Station.
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S83-35768 (18-24 June 1983) --- Astronaut Sally K. Ride, mission specialist for STS-7, uses a screw driver in order to clean out an air filtering system in the mid-deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger. Dr. Ride's constant wear garment bears some extras -- a cartoon of 35 busy astronauts around a Space Shuttle and the acronym TFNG, below which is written, We deliver! TFNG stands for thirty-five new guys, referring to the 1978 class of astronaut candidates (ASCAN) from which Dr. Ride and three of her crew members hail. The tiny two-word declarative in white lettering refers to the successful deployment of two communications satellites. This photograph was made with a 35mm camera.
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S69-39996 (25 July 1969) --- The first Apollo 11 sample return container, with lunar surface material inside, is unloaded at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory, Building 37, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). The rock box had arrived only minutes earlier at Ellington Air Force Base by air from the Pacific recovery area. The lunar samples were collected by astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. during their lunar surface extravehicular activity.
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STS063-86-016 (3-11 Feb 1995) --- With astronaut Janice E. Voss, mission specialist, as his test subject, astronaut Bernard A. Harris, Jr., payload commander and a physician, uses a special biomedical harness experiment to check the response of muscles to microgravity. They are on the mid-deck, where many of the SpaceHab 3 experiments are located. The SpaceHab 3 Module is in the cargo bay. Others onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, commander; Eileen M. Collins, pilot; mission specialists C. Michael Foale and Russian cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov.
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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, the key” to the U.S. Laboratory Destiny is officially handed over to NASA during a brief ceremony while workers look on. Suspended overhead is the laboratory, being moved to the Launch Package Integration Stand (LPIS) for a weight and center of gravity determination. Behind the workers at left is the Joint Airlock Module. Destiny is the payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 to the International Space Station. The lab is fitted with five system racks and will already have experiments installed inside for the flight. The launch is scheduled for January 2001
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STS072-322-008 (11-20 Jan. 1996) --- On the Space Shuttle Endeavour's forward flight deck, astronaut Winston E. Scott goes over procedures for rendezvous operations with the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) satellite.
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STS-36 Commander John O. Creighton, smiling and wearing a headset, listens to music as the tape recorder freefloats in front of him. During this lighter moment of the mission, Creighton is positioned at the commanders station on the forward flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Forward flight deck windows W1 and W2 appear on his left. Creighton and four other astronauts spent four days, 10 hours and 19 minutes aboard the spacecraft for the Department of Defense (DOD) devoted mission.
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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the SPACEHAB Facility, STS-96 crew members look over equipment during a payload Interface Verification Test (IVT) for their upcoming mission to the International Space Station. From left are Khristal Parker, with Boeing; Mission Specialist Dan Barry, Pilot Rick Husband, Mission Specialist Tamara Jernigan, and at the far right, Mission Specialist Julie Payette. An unidentified worker is in the background. Also at KSC for the IVT are Commander Kent Rominger and Mission Specialists Ellen Ochoa and Valery Tokarev of Russia. Mission STS-96 carries the SPACEHAB Logistics Double Module, which will have equipment to further outfit the International Space Station service module and equipment that can be off-loaded from the early U.S. assembly flights. It carries internal logistics and resupply cargo for station outfitting, plus an external Russian cargo crane to be mounted to the exterior of the Russian station segment and used to perform space walking maintenan
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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, the key to the U.S. Laboratory Destiny is officially handed over to NASA during a brief ceremony while workers look on. Suspended overhead is the laboratory, being moved to the Launch Package Integration Stand (LPIS) for a weight and center of gravity determination. Behind the workers at left is the Joint Airlock Module. Destiny is the payload aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-98 to the International Space Station. The lab is fitted with five system racks and will already have experiments installed inside for the flight. The launch is scheduled for January 2001
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Armagh, Co Armagh, Northern Ireland, Planetarium
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Astronaut Thomas D. Akers gets assistance in donning a training version of the Shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit prior to a training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) (39735); Astronaut Kathryn C. Thornton (foreground) and Thomas Akers, STS-61 mission specialists scheduled for extravehicular activity (EVA) duty, prepare for an underwater rehearsal session. Thornton recieves assistance from a technician in donning her EMU gloves (39736).
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S85-26476 (1 February 1985) --- Astronaut Jeffrey A. Hoffman, 51-D mission specialist, goes through a one-G simulation of operation of a friction-powered toy car in NASA's one-G Shuttle trainer at the Johnson Space Center.
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In the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 1, workers and STS-102 crew members look over the windows of the orbiter Discovery, which will fly on the mission. Standing at left are Commander James D. Wetherbee and Pilot James W. Kelly; at far right is Mission Specialist Paul W. Richards. The mission crew is at KSC for Crew Equipment Interface Test activities. STS-102 is the 8th construction flight to the International Space Station and will carry the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. STS-102 is scheduled for launch March 1, 2001. On that flight, Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module Destiny. The mission will also be carrying the Expedition Two crew to the Space Station, replacing the Expedition One crew who will return on Shuttle Discovery
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STS034-06-019 (18-23 Oct. 1989) --- The five astronaut crew members for NASA's STS-34 mission pose for an in-space crew portrait, using a pre-set 35mm camera. Coincidentally, astronauts Donald E. Williams (left), commander, and Michael J. McCulley (right), pilot, are positioned at their respective stations of operation (except that they are turned 180 degrees) aboard the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis. They form bookends for the crew's three mission specialists -- Ellen S. Baker (second left), Shannon W. Lucid and Franklin R. Chang-Diaz.
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In the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 1, workers and STS-102 crew members look over the windows of the orbiter Discovery, which will fly on the mission. Standing at left are Commander James D. Wetherbee and Pilot James W. Kelly; at far right is Mission Specialist Paul W. Richards. The mission crew is at KSC for Crew Equipment Interface Test activities. STS-102 is the 8th construction flight to the International Space Station and will carry the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. STS-102 is scheduled for launch March 1, 2001. On that flight, Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module Destiny. The mission will also be carrying the Expedition Two crew to the Space Station, replacing the Expedition One crew who will return on Shuttle Discovery
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THERMAL CODE I TEST HARDWARE IN ICING RESEARCH TUNNEL IRT
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STS076-356-029 (22 - 31 March 1996) --- Astronaut Shannon W. Lucid, cosmonaut guest researcher, shows off a book which will occupy some of her off-duty time and that of her two Mir-21 crew mates aboard Russia's Mir Space Station during the next five months. Lucid was about to bid farewell to STS-76 crew mates Kevin P. Chilton (left), mission commander, and Ronald M. Sega, payload commander. The book was a gift from the STS-76 crew, given to the Mir-21 crew. This photograph was made onboard Mir's Base Block Module. After leaving Lucid to her duties onboard Mir, Chilton, Sega and three other astronauts later returned to Earth aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis.