Byzantine Manuscripts and Illuminations

Artistic depictions from Byzantine manuscripts, featuring religious figures and allegorical scenes rendered in vibrant, decorative styles.

Byzantine art. The Monk James (James of Kokkinobaphos) Homilies on the Virgin (12th century). Ascension (centre), David (right, wearing crown) and Isiah (left). Paris, Bibliotheque Ntionale.

Monks praying in a church, miniature from a Byzantine manuscript, Greek code 418 folio 269, 12th Century.

ARTE PRERROMANICO. ESPAÑA. S. VIII. BEATO DE LIEBANA (m. en la comarca de Liébana en el 798). Página iluminada de su obra "COMENTARIO AL APOCALIPSIS" (776) con la representación de las LABORES DEL CAMPO: LA SIEGA. Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo el Real de El Escorial. Comunidad de Madrid.

Byzantine art. The Monk James (James of Kokkinobaphos) Homilies on the Virgin (12th century). Ascension (centre), David (right, wearing crown) and Isiah (left). Paris, Bibliotheque Ntionale.

The Ascension. Date/Period: 1386. Folio. Black ink and watercolors on paper bound between wood boards covered with dark brown kidskin. Height: 240 mm (9.44 in); Width: 165 mm (6.49 in). Author: UNKNOWN.

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS, CUATRO JINETES DEL APOCALIPSIS. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: CATEDRAL-ARCHIVO CAPITULAR. GERONA. SPAIN.

'Beatus' commentary on the Apocalypse of Beato of Liebana by Martino Y Petrus Clericus. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: CATEDRAL-BIBLIOTECA. BURGO DE OSMA. Soria. SPAIN. JESUS. SAN MIGUEL. VIRGEN APOCALIPTICA.

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS - PROCEDE DE VALCAVADO - ILUSTRADO POR EL PRESBITERO OBECO - VISION DEL CORDERO MISTICO SOBRE EL MONTE SION - SIGLO X. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: BIBLIOTECA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD. Valladolid. SPAIN.

The Descent of the Holy Ghost. Dated: c. 1450. Medium: woodcut, hand-colored in tan, brown, orange-red, green, rose, red lake, blue, and gold. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: German 15th Century.

Yahy ibn Mahmûd al-Wsitî was a 13th-century Arab Islamic artist. Al-Wasiti was born in Wasit in southern Iraq. He was noted for his illustrations of the Maqam of al-Hariri. Maqama (literally 'assemblies') are an (originally) Arabic literary genre of rhymed prose with intervals of poetry in which rhetorical extravagance is conspicuous. The 10th century author Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadhani is said to have invented the form, which was extended by al-Hariri of Basra in the next century. Both authors' maqamat center on trickster figures whose wanderings and exploits in speaking to assemblies of the powerful are conveyed by a narrator. Manuscripts of al-Hariri's Maqamat, anecdotes of a roguish wanderer Abu Zayd from Saruj, were frequently illustrated with miniatures.

Four -hectile icon: Crucifixion with the images of Our Lady of Kazan, Saint. Mikołaj, Archangel Michael, Saint. Jerzy; Unknown provincial workshop (1600-1970), Radowij Walew; 19th century (1801-00-00-1900-00-00);

St Francis and Four Posthumous Miracles, by Master of the Treasure, 1233 - 1266, 13th Century, tempera on panel. Italy: Umbria: Perugia: Assisi: Treasury Museum of San Francesco Basilica. St Francis and Four Posthumous Miracles. Detail. Background gold small figures

Four miniatures of the life of Christ from a gospel book of 1311 (Presentation, Baptism, Transfiguration, Entry into Jerusalem) 1311 T'oros the Deacon The intellectual and artistic center of Greater Armenia in the fourteenth century was the Monastery of Gladzor where artists produced richly illuminated manuscripts that reflected the sites contacts with the Catholic West, often through the Dominican Order sent to the region, and China through the Mongols who ruled across Asia at the time. Wealthy Armenian families who controlled trade routes for the Mongols were patrons of Gladzor. The handsome gold backgrounds of these four miniatures reflect their affluence. The miniatures depict significant events in Life of Christ - His Presentation in the Temple, His Baptism, His Transfiguration, and his Entry in Jerusalem. They are four of eighteen narrative scenes related to the Life of Christ that were bound in the front of a manuscript written by the priest Tser for his own use and illustrated

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS - SIGLO XI - FOLIO 55 V. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: CATEDRAL-BIBLIOTECA. BURGO DE OSMA. Soria. SPAIN.

Madrid Skylitzes: Michael I Cerularius being elected and sitting on a throne with clergymen. Folio 26. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España. Author: SKYLITZES JOHN O SCYLITZA IOANNES. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN. CERULARIO MIGUEL. MIGUEL CERULARIO.

Illuminated Gospel. Culture: Amhara peoples. Dimensions: H. 16 1/2 x W. 11 1/4 x D. 4 in. (41.9 x 28.6 x 10.2 cm). Date: late 14th-early 15th century.This illuminated manuscript of the Four Gospels was created at a monastic center in northern Ethiopia. Twenty full-page paintings depict scenes from the life of Christ and four portraits of the evangelists introduce the respective Gospel texts. The New Testament was translated from Greek into Geez, the classical language of Ethiopia, in the sixth century. Both this text and its pictorial format draw upon Byzantine prototypes, which were transformed into a local idiom of expression. Stylistically consistent, the paintings reflect the hands of two distinct artists. The color scheme consists of red, yellow, green, and blue. A stylized uniformity is reflected in the abbreviated definition of facial features and the bold linear articulation of the human form in black and red. Figures' heads are depicted frontally, their bodies often in profil

The Healing of the Blind; The Healing of the Possessed. Date/Period: 1386. Folio. Black ink and watercolors on paper bound between wood boards covered with dark brown kidskin. Height: 240 mm (9.44 in); Width: 165 mm (6.49 in). Author: UNKNOWN.

Suleyman receives John Stephen Zapolya, Transylvanian vassal. Ottoman manuscript, TURKEY.

Liber Feudorum Maior. end 12th c. Royal cartularium made by order of Alfonso el Casto. Cover depicting the king Alfonso giving orders to Ramon Calders about the Royal Archive. Romanesque art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. CATALONIA. Barcelona. Royal Archive of the Crown of Aragon.

The miracle of the icon The Sign of Our Lady (Battle between warriors of Novgorod and Suzdal). Date/Period: 1st half - mid 15th century. Painting. Tempera on wood. Height: 133 cm (52.3 in); Width: 90 cm (35.4 in). Author: Anonymous Russian icon painter.

Escorial Beatus. 950 - 955. Cod & II. 5. Folio 120 r. Vision of the Son of Man and the Three Angels in the eschatological harvest and vintage. (Rev. XIV, 14-20). Codex with the Commentary on the Apocalypse of St. John (776-786) of Beatus of Li_bana. Preromanesque art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. MADRID (AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY). San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Royal Library of the Monastery of El Escorial. Proc: SPAIN. LA RIOJA. San Millàn de la Cogolla.

The decapitation of St John the Baptist and the feast of Herod, detail of frescoes in the central apse of the abbey church, Benedictine Abbey of St John (UNESCO World Heritage List, 1983), Mustair, Canton of Grisons, Switzerland.

The Prophet Elijah in his Chariot, late 13th century, from Banca Intesa Collection of Russian Icons

Moses leading the Children of Israel through the Red Sea. From German 15th century Bible.

The actions of the Devil: banqueting, fighting, dancing and temptations, miniature from the Breviary of Love (Breviario d'amore), by Matfre Ermengau, Provencal Code manuscript folio 215 verso, France late 13th Century-Early 14th Century.

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS- FOLIO 157V. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: CATEDRAL-BIBLIOTECA. BURGO DE OSMA. Soria. SPAIN. CRISTO JUEZ.

Book Of Daniel, Russian icon, tempera on panel, 16th century, Russia, St. Petersburg, State Russian Museum,

Mahmud Ghazan (1271-1304) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of Arghun and Quthluq Khatun, continuing a line of rulers who were direct descendants of Genghis Khan. Considered the most prominent of the Ilkhans, he is best known for making a political conversion to Islam in 1295 when he took the throne, marking a turning point for the dominant religion of Mongols in Central Asia. His principal wife was Kokochin (Kokechin), a Mongol princess sent by Kublai Khan, and escorted from the Mongol capital to the Ilkhanate by Marco Polo.

The Healing of the Paralytic; The Raising of Lazarus. Date/Period: 1386. Folio. Black ink and watercolors on paper bound between wood boards covered with dark brown kidskin. Height: 240 mm (9.44 in); Width: 165 mm (6.49 in). Author: UNKNOWN.

The resurrection of Christ, miniature from the Exultet (Easter Proclamation) of Bari, manuscript, 11th Century.

The Seventy-Two Disciples; Ethiopia; about 1480 - 1520; Tempera on parchment; Leaf: 34.5 x 25.6 cm (13 9,16 x 10 1,16 in.)

The Nativity of Christ, Russian icon

The Prophets with Abraham Embracing Isaac and Jacob; Unknown; Ethiopia, Africa; about 1480 - 1520; Tempera on parchment; Leaf: 34.5 x 25.6 cm (13 9/16 x 10 1/16 in.)

"The Dishonest Goldsmith is Hanged", Folio from a Kalila wa Dimna second quarter 16th century This manuscript contains seventy-eight paintings and many text folios telling the famous tales of the jackals Kalila and Dimna. Based on the book of ancient Indian animal fables, the Panchatantra written by Vidyapati (Bidpai), the stories spread all over the Middle East where they became wildly popular. This manuscript has a strong flavor of Mamluk Egypt in the figure styles and bold drawings, with hints of Ottoman tulips and Safavid turbans. However, the burnt orange palette and darkly-inked lines have led to an attribution to Sultanate Gujarat where it is suggested this manuscript was copied from an Egyptian original. Its life in India is also attested by a Devanagari inscription at the end, although the rest of the Arabic text is written in a strong, left-leaning naskh-like script.. "The Dishonest Goldsmith is Hanged", Folio from a Kalila wa Dimna 453144

Comments of the Apocalypse. The Last Judgement. Madrid, National Library. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN. JESUS. SAN JUAN EVANGELISTA Y APOSTOL.

SKYLITZER, John (9th century). Madrid Skylitzes 'Synopsis historiarum'. Synopsis of Histories about the reigns of the Byzantine emperors. 12th c. The Varangian Guard. Personal bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors since Basil II. It was formed by Scandinavians. Manuscript produced in Sicily. Byzantine art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. MADRID (AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY). Madrid. National Library.

Leaf from a Beatus Manuscript: the Opening of the Fifth Seal ca. 1180 Spanish Illustrated Beatus manuscripts bring to life an extraordinary vision of the end of the world, as recorded by Saint John in the Apocalypse (Book of Revelation) and filtered through the lens of Beatus of Liébana, an eighth-century Asturian monk. These manuscripts are unique to medieval Spain and a testament to the pervasive artistry and intellectual milieu of monastic culture there. The leaf shown here comes from a manuscript disassembled in the 1870s.The upper register contains an altar, suspended votive offerings, and doves symbolizing the souls of the dead. The middle register depicts the blessing figure of Christ, while the martyrs in their white robes cluster below him. This illustration is based on the text of Apoc. 6.9-11: "I saw under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of Godand white robes were given to every one of them". Leaf from a Beatus Manuscript: the Opening of the Fifth

Nativity of Virgin, Memorial apartment of artist Pavel Korin, Moscow

In this illumination by an unknown Armenian artist, Archbishop Jean, also known as Archbishop John, stands on a carpet indicating his holiness. On his robe is the motif of a dragon, an indication of the thriving trade between Armenians and Mongols in the late 13th century. The Christian Armenians entered into agreements with the Mongol Empire (primarily the Ilkhanate) from the 1240s to around 1320. Some historians refer to this relationship as an alliance, while others refer to it as vassalage, suggesting Armenia was a tributary of the Mongols. During the period of the later Crusades, the Mongols and Armenians engaged in some combined military operations against their common enemy, the Mamluks, and the relations with the Mongols allowed Cilician Armenia to survive much longer than the other Christian states of the Levant.

The Beatus of Leon is an 11th century illuminated manuscript of the Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liebana. The manuscript was made for King Ferdinand 1 (c.1015-1065) and Queen Sancha of Leon. It contains 98 miniatures painted by Facundus. The Apocalypse of John is the Book of Revelation, the last book of the New Testament.

Mozarabic art. 10th century. Codex Vigilanus or Albeldensis, (976). The nine portraits. Page showing three visigothic kings, three kings of Navarre and three scribes of the codex. Library of the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Spain.

Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, Vic workshop, 12th century, altarpiece from Saint Vicens of Espinelves (Osona), painting on wood. Catalan Romanesque art.

Meal of pious and the profane, 18th century, Russian woodcut by Anatoly Rogov

Last Judgement Artist Unknown

Prayer of a Deacon, miniature from the Exultet (Easter Proclamation) of Bari, manuscript, 11th Century.

Church of St. James Ancient tiles from 1719 A.D. of New Testament scenes. 1934, Jerusalem, Israel

Russia, Perm, Museum of Perm, Moscow School, Florus and Laurus, 16th Century

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: CATEDRAL-ARCHIVO CAPITULAR. GERONA. SPAIN.

BEATO DE SAN SALVADOR DE TABARA, EL ANGEL CON EL EVANGELIO ETERNO Y LA CAIDA DE BABILONIA, 975- COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS-MOZARABE F.192R. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: CATEDRAL-ARCHIVO CAPITULAR. GERONA. SPAIN. Enoch. ELIAS PROFETA SIGLO IX AC.

Russian Orthodox miniature depicting a scene from the Apocalypse of Saint John. Circa 1750

The Dura Europos synagogue is an ancient synagogue uncovered at Dura-Europos, Syria, in 1932. The last phase of construction was dated by an Aramaic inscription to 244 CE, making it one of the oldest synagogues in the world. It is unique among the many ancient synagogues that have emerged from archaeological digs as it was preserved virtually intact, and it has extensive figurative wall-paintings. These frescoes are now displayed in the National Museum of Damascus.

Incense bearers, from Avalokiteshvara of the 1000 Hands (bodhisattva of infinite compassion and mercy), painting dated 981, Toueng-Houang, China (detail)

St Francis talking to the birds and a sermon, scenes from St Francis and Twenty Episodes from his Life , 1240-1245, by Coppo di Marcovaldo (ca 1220-1276), panel. Basilica of Santa Croce, Bardi Chapel, Florence, Italy.

Russian icon by unknown painter, tempera on panel, Pskov School, Russia, Moscow, State Tretyakov Gallery, 141x111

Washing of the feet and the Foundation of a monastery, scenes from St Francis and Twenty Episodes from his Life , 1240-1245, by Coppo di Marcovaldo (ca 1220-1276), panel. Basilica of Santa Croce, Bardi Chapel, Florence, Italy.

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS AÑO 1047-S XI - FOL 10 CICLO DE LOS EVANGELISTAS- VIT. 17-2-PROCEDE S ISIDORO DE LEON. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Armenian Christian illustrated manuscript showing illumination depicting John dictating to his disciple, Prochorus. John the Apostle (c. AD 6-100); was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. 13th century

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS - MANUSCRITO SIGLO X - VIT 14-2, FOL 147 v Y 148 recto. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Scenes from the Life of Saint Andrew late 14th century Spanish. Scenes from the Life of Saint Andrew 472322

Virgin Mary holding Infant Christ by Simon (Pimen) Fyodorovich Ushakov, 1670 Tempera on panel, 1626-1686, Russia, Moscow, The Novodevichy Convent,

The 6 Paths to Rebirth and the 10 Kings, Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, painting on silk, c.983 AD, Song Dynasty, from caves at Mogao (Gansu), Dunhuang

Frontal of Tordesillas. Gothic painting in tempera on wood. 15th century. From the Convent of Saint Clare, Tordesillas, Valladolid province. Detail depicting The Nativity. Diocesan Museum of Barcelona. Spain.

Saint George and the Dragon, Russian icon

Last supper and the washing of feet, miniature from the Gospels called Rossanensis (Purpureus Code from Rossano Calabro), byzantine manuscript, 6th Century.

El Beatus de La Seu dUrgell, manuscrito del siglo X decorado con miniaturas y compuesto por 239 folios. Museu Diocesà de la Seu d'Urgell.

The Virgin and Child with the Archangels Michael and Gabriel. Unknown

John Skylizes, Codex Græcus Matritensis known as the Madrid Skylitzes . Detail from a page: Fight between the Byzantines and the Arabs. Madrid, National Library. Author: SKYLITZES JOHN O SCYLITZA IOANNES. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Tile in the Armenian Cathedral of St. James, Jerusalem 1934, Israel

Mahavira Preaching the Samacari (top) / Part of Mahavira's Audience as He Preached the Samacari (bottom); Page from a Dispersed Kalpa Sutra (Jain Book of Rituals) 15th century India (Gujarat). Mahavira Preaching the Samacari (top) / Part of Mahavira's Audience as He Preached the Samacari (bottom); Page from a Dispersed Kalpa Sutra (Jain Book of Rituals) 75003

Christ's Arrival in Jerusalem, from a fragment of an architrave panel of a tempietto, Byzantine panel, first half of 11th Century, 118x44 cm, detail.

Burma: a monastery with ascetics or holy men outside; a group of monks giving or receiving pots; a mast with a snake descending from it; people processing foodstuffs. Gouache painting.

Saint Matthew; Unknown; Ethiopia, Africa; about 1480 - 1520; Tempera on parchment; Leaf: 34.5 x 25.6 cm (13 9/16 x 10 1/16 in.)

The Seventy-Two Disciples; Ethiopia; about 1480 - 1520; Tempera on parchment; Leaf: 34.5 x 25.6 cm (13 9,16 x 10 1,16 in.)

The Vatopedi monastery, Greece , 1918 - Greece - Fernand Cuville - (September) (French - Le monastère de Vatopedi , Grèce). Christianity, calligraphy, monastery, drawing, Religion , Art, Turkey, Mont Athos, Vatopedi, Miniature

Painted Banner (Thangka) of Portrait of Sakya Pandita (1132 - 1251) 1775-1825 Tibet. Pigment on cloth .

COMENTARIOS AL APOCALIPSIS, LOS SIETE ANGELES CON LAS COPAS - BEATO DEL ESCORIAL - SIGLO X. Author: BEATO DE LIEBANA (730-798). Location: MONASTERIO-BIBLIOTECA-COLECCION. SAN LORENZO DEL ESCORIAL. MADRID. SPAIN. SAN MIGUEL. RAPHAEL (ARCHANGEL). SAN GABRIEL ARCANGEL / ARCANGEL SAN GABRIEL. SAMAEL ARCANGEL / ARCANGEL SAMAEL. ORIFIEL ARCANGEL / ARCANGEL ORIFIEL. URIEL ARCANGEL / ARCANGEL URIEL. ZACHARIEL ARCANGEL / ARCANGEL ZACHARIEL.

Saint John the Evangelist Dictating; Lake Van, Turkey; 1386; Black ink and watercolors on paper bound between wood boards covered with dark brown kidskin; Leaf: 24 × 16.5 cm (9 7,16 × 6 1,2 in.)

A miniature of Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer, 958 1025, Byzantine Emperor, Psalter of Basil II, digitally restored A miniature of Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer, 958 1025, Byzantine Emperor, Psalter of Basil II, digitally restored Copyright: xZoonar.com/Heinz-DieterxFalkensteinx 21911190

Christianity in Ethiopia dates to the 1st century AD, and this long tradition makes Ethiopia unique amongst sub-Saharan African countries. Christianity in this country is divided into several groups. The largest and oldest is the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is an Oriental Orthodox church in Ethiopia that was part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, when it was granted its own Patriarch by Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa Cyril VI. The only pre-colonial Christian church of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Ethiopian Orthodox church has a membership of slightly more than 32 million people in Ethiopia, and is thus the largest of all Oriental Orthodox churches. Next in size are the various Protestant congregations, who include 13.7 million Ethiopians. The largest Protestant group is the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, with about 5 million members. Roman Catholicism has been present in Ethiopia since the 16th century, and numbers 536,827 believers

Marriage. Haggadah by Anonymous / Museum Judenplatz, Vienna/ Mid of the 15th cen./ Watercolour on parchment/ Medieval art/ Genre,Mythology, Allegory and Literature,History

God creates the fish and the birds. Monreale Cathedral mosaic, 12th-13th cent. SICILY.

15th century Aragon Customs. Pages 106 and 107. Miniatures. Library of San Lorenzo del Escorial Monastery. Location: MONASTERIO-BIBLIOTECA-COLECCION. SAN LORENZO DEL ESCORIAL. MADRID. SPAIN.

Aristanemi's Bridal Pavilion (top) and Witnessing Animals for Slaughter (bottom): Folio from a Kalpasutra Manuscript 15th century India (Gujarat) Aristanemi, the incarnate twenty-second jina Neminatha, is shown on horseback approaching the pavilion in which his bride, Rajamati, awaits. She is beautifully attired in anticipation of his arrival. He is similarly dressed and garlanded in preparation for the marriage ceremony. Upon hearing the cries of distressed animals corralled for slaughter for the wedding feast, he flees on his chariot, and his compassion determines that he henceforth will live as a mendicant. He attained siddha-hood and joined the ranks of the tirthankharas.. Aristanemi's Bridal Pavilion (top) and Witnessing Animals for Slaughter (bottom): Folio from a Kalpasutra Manuscript 74996

The burial of an English king, from the Liber Regalis, manuscript, 14th Century.

Armenia: The Last Supper. Armenian illuminated Gospel, 16th century

Altar von Ix Altar of Ix, 12th century, tempera and remains of colored metal leaves on wood, Church of San Martín d Ix, Upper Cerdanya, MNAC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Copyright: xZoonar.com/TOLOxBALAGUERx 23146394

Sindhu Ragaputra, Son of Shri Raga, Folio from a Ragamala (Garland of Melodies). India, Rajasthan, Marwar region, circa 1775. Drawings; watercolors. Opaque watercolor and gold on paper

Armenian Christian illustrated manuscript showing a canonical concordance; 14th century

Our Lady of Cocharcas Under the Baldachin Cuzco School. Our Lady of Cocharcas Under the Baldachin, 1765. Oil on canvas, 78 1/4 x 56 1/2in. (198.8 x 143.5cm). Private collections in Spanish America included large versions of extremely popular statue paintings,” which featured sculptures that had gained a wide following on account of miracles ascribed to them. In the viceroyalty of Peru, such sculptures included Our Lady of Copacabana (see illustration), a replica of which was brought to the town of Cocharcas, where it inspired a local devotion. Our Lady of Cocharcas is here borne on a cart and sheltered by a baldachin, carried in procession through a mountainous landscape with her devotees of all heritages in tow. Las colecciones privadas en Hispanoamérica incluían versiones en gran formato de las muy populares pinturas de esculturas,” las que representaban esculturas que habían conseguido muchos fieles gracias a los milagros que se les atribuían. En el virreinato del Perú, tales esc

The Ascension of the Lamb, 14th century French tapestry from the cycle Apocalypse of Saint John or Angers Apocalypse, woven by Nicolas Bataille, based on cartoons by Jean de Bondol of Bruges.

Sophia, the Holy Wisdom, Russian icon

Maqama (literally 'assemblies') are an (originally) Arabic literary genre of rhymed prose with intervals of poetry in which rhetorical extravagance is conspicuous. The 10th century author Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadhani is said to have invented the form, which was extended by al-Hariri of Basra in the next century. Both authors' maqamat center on trickster figures whose wanderings and exploits in speaking to assemblies of the powerful are conveyed by a narrator. Manuscripts of al-Hariri's Maqamat, anecdotes of a roguish wanderer Abu Zayd from Saruj, were frequently illustrated with miniatures.

Christianity in Ethiopia dates to the 1st century AD, and this long tradition makes Ethiopia unique amongst sub-Saharan African countries. Christianity in this country is divided into several groups. The largest and oldest is the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church which is an Oriental Orthodox church in Ethiopia that was part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, when it was granted its own Patriarch by Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa Cyril VI. The only pre-colonial Christian church of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Ethiopian Orthodox church has a membership of slightly more than 32 million people in Ethiopia, and is thus the largest of all Oriental Orthodox churches. Next in size are the various Protestant congregations, who include 13.7 million Ethiopians. The largest Protestant group is the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, with about 5 million members. Roman Catholicism has been present in Ethiopia since the 16th century, and numbers 536,827 bel

Portrait of Saint John. 'Book of Kells', 6th century manuscript of the Four Gospels

19th century Ethiopian Coptic Christian prayer book. Illustration possibly showing the Virgin Mary with King Herod or a magi. circa 1870

19th century Ethiopian Coptic Christian prayer book. Illustration. circa 1870

The Apostles. Unknown

BASIL II, 958-1025, the Bulgar-slayer, Byzantine Emperor from 963, 11th century, after miniature at St Marks in Venice

Ethiopia, Axum, holy paintings in the ancient church of Our Lady Mary of Sion

Saint George and the Dragon, Russian icon

The Lord's table, miniature from De universo by Rabano Mauro, manuscript, Italy 11th Century.

of 2