Cellular Biology Illustrations

Digital illustrations showcasing cellular processes, such as cystic fibrosis, photosynthesis, hormonal changes, and oxygen transport in erythrocytes.

Synapse with neurotransmitters and captions on white background.

Illustration of cystic fibrosis. In the nucleus of our cells, the CFTR gene is the cause. It carries mutations in ill patients, preventing the protein CFTR in the cell membrane from working properly, ie from transporting water and salt into and out of the epithelium cells which results in thick and viscous mucus.

Relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Illustration of hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle without fertilisation of the egg. The menstrual cycle repeats every 28 days or so. On the first day of periods, the brain starts to secrete FSH, whch stimulates the ovaries. For 14 days, this hormone favours the secretion of estrogen and the maturing of the future egg. A few days after ovulation, the brain starts to secrete LH. On the 14th day of the cycle, levels of LH in the blood are high : ovulation takes place and the ovary starts to secrete progesterone. This hormone thickens the uterine lining (the endometrium) and gets it ready to receive the egg. Under the effect of the progesterone, the brain progessively stops secreting FSH and LH : the ovaries diminish their production of estrogen, then progesterone, until the following cycle. The reduction of levels of all these hormones in the blood is responsible for triggering periods. The close up at top right shows what happens at the end of the luteal phase.

Oxygen transfer through erythrocytes Oxygen transfer through erythrocytes. Digital illustration, 3D render. Copyright: xZoonar.com/AndreaxDantix 21751128

Illustration of the transmission of information with long-term potentiation. The activation of neurons is more efficient, the number of neurotransmitters in the ion channels is higher. A larger number of sodium ions enter the postsynaptic neuron, increasing the speed and intensity of the electrical signal transmission.

Intestinal mucosa immunity

Synapse with neurotransmitters and captions on white background.

Relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Representation of the different stages of mitosis: prophase where the chromatin of the nucleus of the mother cell is organized into 46 pairs of chromosomes, the nuclear envelope is broken, the centrioles move towards opposite poles, and the mitotic spindle is formed. Metaphase is the stage when the chromosomes line up at the center of the mitotic spindle

Intestinal bacteria flora. Good and bad bacterias.

Illustration showing how auxin works. Auxin is the hormone which helps eliminate FT proteins therefore allowing gene transcription, whereas FT proteins usually latch onto DNA and prevent gene transcription.

3D Isometrische flache konzeptionelle Illustration der Synapse, neuromuskuläre Kreuzungbr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Synapse, Neuromuscular Junction Synapse, neuromuskuläre Verbindung 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Synapse, Neuromuscular Junction 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Synapse, Neuromuscular Junction Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22973382

Spermatogenesis, illustration

Lymphocyte producing antibodies.

UV protection. Sunscreen lotion protect human skin from UVA, UVB ray

All uses except for Canadian college and university publishing - Injection of immunomodulator in cancer treatment, immunotherapy. Immunotherapy treatment is by infusion by injecting anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 immunomodulators (in green) into the patient's arm. PD-L1 receptors on the tumor cell (in red) are shown in yellow. While lymphocyte PD-1 receptors (in blue) are shown in light blue. The anti PD-L1 (dark green) and anti PD-1 (light green) immunomodulators bind to the corresponding receptors. Thus they block the connection between these two receptors (yellow and blue). Therefore they block the brake of the immune reaction caused by the PD-L1 PD-1 binding. So the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 is prevented. Thus, the T lymphocyte again destroys the cancer cells it recognizes. - Restriction : Canada College and University Publishing Exclusion from 05/03/2021

Atherosclerosis, illustration.

Representation of the immune reaction after vaccination. The vaccine triggers an immune response involving B cells producing antibodies and stimulating immune memory.

3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Neutralisation Reaction, Producing a Salt and Waterbr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Neutralisation Reaction, Producing a Salt and Water 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Neutralisation Reaction, Producing a Salt and Water 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Neutralisation Reaction, Producing a Salt and Water Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22124161

Olfactory system, illustration

Fatigue factors accumulate . Flat illustration of muscle and vessel.

Healthy muscle flat illustration .section of muscle and vessel.

Polysaccharides in the intestine

Protein digestion, illustration

Nasal mucosa cells and micro cilia vector scheme

Spermatogenesis, illustration

Bright detailed Deoxyribonucleic acid with four main nucleobases, infographic isolated on white. Bright detailed Deoxyribonucleic acid with four main nucleobases, infographic on white

Sectional view of atopic dermatitis and normal skin / Comparativ

Using the NanoScope IV MultiMode® atomic force microscope, the knobby virion surface structure was visualized (arrow). High magnification of the maturing virus particles showed a rosette appearance with short knoblike spikes under both the scanning electron and atomic force microscopes. The spikes, which were 16-17nm, seemed shorter than those of other coronaviruses.

Illustration of protein synthesis. The ribosome links to the mRNA, moves from codon to codon and links an amino acid to each codon. Once the mRNA has been read in its entirety, protein is snythesised.

All uses except for Canadian college and university publishing - Immunotherapy by infusion, injection of immunomodulator in cancer treatment, immunotherapy. Immunotherapy treatment is by infusion by injecting the immunomodulators (in green) into the patient's arm. The principle of immunotherapy consists of injecting anti-PD-L1 (or anti-PD-1) immunomodulators into the patient. PD-L1 receptors on the tumor cell (in red) are shown in yellow. While lymphocyte PD-1 receptors (in blue) are shown in light blue. The anti PD-L1 (dark green) and anti PD-1 (light green) immunomodulators bind to the corresponding receptors. Thus they block the connection between these two receptors (yellow and blue). Therefore they block the brake of the immune reaction caused by the PD-L1 PD-1 binding. So the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 is prevented. Thus, the T lymphocyte again destroys the cancer cells it recognizes. - Restriction : Canada College and University Publishing Exclusion from 05/03/2021

Diagram of Photosynthesis for biology and life science education, 3d rendering

Illustration of targeted therapy. Having analysed cancerous cells, therapy can be adapted, hence the name targeted therapy: -either by using monoclonal antibodies (left) which target the cancer cells receptors and trigger an immune reaction destroying the detected cells. -or by using drugs (right) which target chain reactions that are vital to survival and cell duplication, ending in the destruction of the cell.

Meiosis, illustration

Conventional and Sterically-Stabilized Liposome

Mitosis, illustration

Estrogen and Phytoestrogen Receptors

Polyps in intestine colon disease

blood vessels, human body capillaries

Tissue engineering linear icon. Repair damaged human organs. Regenerative medicine. Bioengineering. Thin line illustration. Contour symbol. Vector isolated outline drawing. Editable stroke

Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell.

Pyruvate oxidation, illustration

Illustration of genetic diversity in blood groups. Blood groups are determined in a gene from chromosome 9. This gene expresses a red corpuscle protein. There are 3 different alleles for this gene, A which gives A protein, B which gives B protein, and O which doesnt give anything. Therefore : -two A alleles (red) : group A -and A allele and an O (white) : group A -two B alleles (blue) : group B -a B allele and an O : group B -an A allele and a B : group AB -two O alleles : group O

Gene therapy, introduction of retroviruses to modify mutated spinal cord cells of a newborn.

B cell activation, illustration.

Generation mechanism of athlete's foot ( ringworm) vector illustration

Uv Protection For Skin

Stimulation of the Regulatory T cells illustration

Dissociation of table salt in water, illustration

Illustration of the TNM staging of prostate cancer. T1 and T2 : cancer localised in the prostate and not spreading beyond the capsule (absence of infected lymph nodes, absence of metastasis). T1 : histological diagnosis only (not visible on medical imaging and cannot be palpated). T2 : palpable during a digital rectal examination. T3 : spreading of the cancer to surrounding tissue (spreading through the prostatic capsule) T4 : spreading to adjacent organs (bladder, rectum, pelvic floor).

Turning high level of atherosclerotic plaque in blood vessel into normal level

Cells cultured on Earth (left) typically settle quickly on the bottom of culture vessels due to gravity. In microgravity (right), cells remain suspended and aggregate to form three-dimensional tissue. The NASA Bioreactor provides a low turbulence culture environment which promotes the formation of large, three-dimensional cell clusters. The Bioreactor is rotated to provide gentle mixing of fresh and spent nutrient without inducing shear forces that would damage the cells. Due to their high level of cellular organization and specialization, samples constructed in the bioreactor more closely resemble the original tumor or tissue found in the body. The work is sponsored by NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research. The bioreactor is managed by the Biotechnology Cell Science Program at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC). NASA-sponsored bioreactor research has been instrumental in helping scientists to better understand normal and cancerous tissue development. In cooperation with the

All uses except for Canadian college and university publishing - Cancer, PD-L1 PD-1 complex, neutralization of the immune response of activated T lymphocytes against the cancer cell. On contact with a cancer cell, T lymphocytes are activated. They secrete toxic molecules capable of destroying the cancer cell. But the reaction of immune cells against cancer cells is slowed down by the PD-L1 protein produced by the cancer cell. This protein interacts with the PD-1 receptor of the lymphocyte, which inactivates it. So the cancer cell can no longer be destroyed by the T lymphocyte. - Restriction : Canada College and University Publishing Exclusion from 05/03/2021

Oogenesis, illustration

Probiotic bacteria prevent DNA damage and mutation

Angles for Inserting Injections vector illustration

Rapid test for coronavirus. Red blood cells with antibodies in a drop of blood.

Primary teeth, illustration

3D Isometric Flat konzeptionelle Illustration von Wasserstoff-Brennstoffzellen, Strom aus H2 Quellebr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Electricity From H2 Source 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Electricity From H2 Source 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Electricity From H2 Source Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22973395

Illustration of the 3 lung zones defined by alveolar pressure. -Zone 1: P alveolar > P arterial > P veinous so flow is nil, negligeable zone in a healthy individual, corresponds to alveolar dead space. -Zone 2: P arterial > P alveolar > P veinous so flow is proportional to P arterial - P alveolar. -Zone 3: P arterial > P veinous > P alveolar so flow is proportional to P arterial - P veinous, the zone that is totally independent from alveolar pressure corresponds to the veinous admission zone.

Monozygotic and dizygotic twins, illustration

Bright colorful chemical model of water element H2O molecule and molecular structure. Colorful chemical model of water element H2O molecule and molecular structure

Capacitor isolated electrical part with electronic symbol, 3d rendering

Liquid measure elements

Acid-base neutralization reaction, illustration

Prebiotic Mechanism Of Action

Molecule of Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxigen. Chemical Element of the Periodic Table. Chemical Element of the Periodic Table Isolated on White Background

Diagrams of Atomic Behavior

This diagram illustrates why NASA's NuSTAR can see radioactivity in the remains of exploded stars for the first time. The observatory detects high-energy X-ray photons that are released by a radioactive substance called titanium-44.

This infographic illustrates the HIV replication cycle, which begins when HIV fuses with the surface of the host cell. A capsid containing the viruss genome and proteins then enters the cell. The shell of the capsid disintegrates and the HIV protein called reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral RNA into DNA. The viral DNA is transported across the nucleus, where the HIV protein integrase integrates the HIV DNA into the hosts DNA. The hosts normal transcription machinery transcribes HIV DNA into multiple copies of new HIV RNA. Some of this RNA becomes the genome of a new virus, while the cell uses other copies of the RNA to make new HIV proteins. The new viral RNA and HIV proteins move to the surface of the cell, where a new, immature HIV forms. Finally, the virus is released from the cell, and the HIV protein called protease cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins to create a mature infectious virus.

Human egg cell samples, illustration.

Xylem and phloem, illustration

Structure of Trichosporon fungus, illustration

Water States of matter Phase. Change of State for Water Diagram. Changing the state of matter from solid, liquid and gas due to temperature

Comparison of Normal heart and Coronary artery disease.Cardiology vector illustration isolated on white background.

Illustration of DNA localisation and structure in eukaryotes (animal cell) and prokaryote (bacteria). DNA from both cells unwinds to reach the DNA double helix which highlights the components that contain each living being's genetic make-up.

Alluvial gold deposits abstract concept vector illustration. Process of precious metals mining, discovery gold in river, raw materials industry, placer mining, alluvial deposits abstract metaphor.. Alluvial gold deposits abstract concept vector illustration.

Muscle energy consumption during exercise. Representation of the blood supply of the muscle in dioxygen (red arrow) and glucose (green arrow), necessary for the chemical reaction which produces energy (yellow arrow) for the functioning of the muscle (left orange arrow) and the production of heat (right orange arrow). The chemical reaction also results in waste in the form of carbon dioxide (purple arrow).

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION

Water condensation, illustration

Single displacement reaction, illustration

Platelet rich plasma therapy, illustration.

Stages of an in vitro fertilization. 1 - Follicular puncture. 2 Putting in touch the ovocyte sampled with the spermatozoon and fertilization of the ovocyte by a spermatozoa. 3 - Development of the egg in an embryo (segmentation). 4 - Transfer of the embryo in the uterus so that it can implant. Cf. image See. image 8123906 for a version without text.

Simple cuboidal epithelium, illustration

Density of matter with gas, liquid and solid water states outline diagram

T cell or lymphocyte of immune system, 3d rendering

Penicillium under the optical microscope, Structure of Penicillium isolated on white background

Immunity and membrane adhesion for the recruitment of immune cells, innate immunity. This illustration shows the phenomenon of diapedesis. This phenomenon corresponds to the passage of immune cells into tissues from the bloodstream. It takes place in several phases. The first phase is the capture phase. The immune cell in the blood vessel comes close to the endothelial cells (endothelium of the blood vessel). The second phase is the adhesion and rolling phase. It activates immune cells. It expresses in an increased manner the adhesion molecules expressed by the immune cells and those presented on the surface of the endothelium. Then the third phase is the adhesion phase. The cell adheres strongly to the endothelium thanks to the numerous adhesion molecules. Finally, the fourth phase is the migration phase. The recruited cell crosses the endothelium to the site of inflammation. Then the immune cell will activate and produce cytokines. Therefore the production of cytokines maintains or a

Didactic illustration showing the relief or superficial structure of the land between America and Africa, highlighted in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean by an active volcanic ridge due to the structure of the lithosphere and an oceanic trench to left of the American continent due to a plating plate of the lithosphere.

Supradomain organization of insulin receptor

The Interferometer Protein Crystal Growth (IPCG) experiment was designed to measure details of how protein molecules move through a fluid. It was flown on the STS-86 mission for use aboard Russian Space Station Mir in 1998. It studied aspects of how crystals grow - and what conditions lead to the best crystals, details that remain a mystery. IPCG produces interference patterns by spilitting then recombining laser light. This let scientists see how fluid densities - and molecular diffusion - change around a crystal as it grows in microgravity. The heart of the IPCG apparatus is the interferometer cell comprising the optical bench, microscope, other optics, and video camera. IPCG experiment cells are made of optical glass and silvered on one side to serve as a mirror in the interferometer system that visuzlizes crystals and conditions around them as they grow inside the cell. This diagram shows the growth cells. The principal investigator was Dr. Alexander McPherson of University of Cali

Emmonsia fungi, illustration

Isometrische 3D-Flachdarstellung von Leptin und Ghrelin, Endokrines System des MenschenbrIsometrische 3D-Flachdarstellung von Leptin und Ghrelin, Endokrines System des Menschen 3D Isometric Flat Illustration of Leptin And Ghrelin, Human Endocrine System 3D Isometric Flat Illustration of Leptin And Ghrelin, Human Endocrine System Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22791385

Tetanus transmission, conceptual illustration

Platelet rich plasma, illustration.

Phospholipid molecule structure, illustration

vector ph scale set of acidic, neutral and alkaline value chart for acid and alkaline solutions. ph scale measurement illustration isolated on white background

Aerobic respiration experiment, illustration

Frost deposition, illustration

Amino acids concept icon

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