Engravings of Virtues and Studies

Detailed engravings depicting personifications and studies of historical figures, capturing intricate designs and themes from the 16th century.

Charity. From: The Virtues, Heinrich Aldegrever, artist, 1552, Germany, engraving, Heinrich Aldegrever was one of the so-called 'Little Masters', a group of German artists making small prints in the generation after Albrecht Dürer, who included Hans Baldung Grien, the Beham brothers and Georg Pencz. The close resemblance of his work to that of Dürer led to Aldegrever being called the 'Albert of Westphalia', although his style went on to depart from his mentor's intricate line work to stress the optical effects of light and shadow. He became a Lutheran convert in 1531, but continued to depict religious themes, while his ornamental engravings were used as models by artists and craftsmen well into the 17th century. His images of virtues and vices were so popular that Aldegrever made cycles of both in 1549 (not yet represented in the collection) and, here, 1552. Te Papa owns the complete cycle, all acquired in 1978. These complement several Aldegrever prints in the foundation art collectio

The force probably according to Mantegna (Bartsch 375) Marc Antoine Raimondi (1480-vers1534). The force probably after Mantegna (Bartsch 375). Fight, chisel. 16th century.

Charity. From: The Virtues, Heinrich Aldegrever, artist, 1552, Germany, engraving, Heinrich Aldegrever was one of the so-called 'Little Masters', a group of German artists making small prints in the generation after Albrecht Dürer, who included Hans Baldung Grien, the Beham brothers and Georg Pencz. The close resemblance of his work to that of Dürer led to Aldegrever being called the 'Albert of Westphalia', although his style went on to depart from his mentor's intricate line work to stress the optical effects of light and shadow. He became a Lutheran convert in 1531, but continued to depict religious themes, while his ornamental engravings were used as models by artists and craftsmen well into the 17th century. His images of virtues and vices were so popular that Aldegrever made cycles of both in 1549 (not yet represented in the collection) and, here, 1552. Te Papa owns the complete cycle, all acquired in 1978. These complement several Aldegrever prints in the foundation art collectio

Nuremberg, Solis, Virgil, Personifications of European countries and provinces as wise and foolish virgins, Germania, Personification of Germany as wise virgin, verso - handwritten in brown ink, print, prints, verso - stamped, 128, height 79 mm, width 50 mm, German, 1514 - 1562-08-01, print maker, printmaker, 1524 - 1562, second quarter 16th century, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), etching, plate tone

Arithmetica (Arytmetyka). unknown, graphic artist, Floris, Frans (ca 1519-1570 ; st.), draughtsman, cartoonist, Cock, Hieronymus (ca 1510-1570), publisher

Pen study sheet by Taddeo Zuccaro depicting St. Paul holding a book with his right hand raised, alongside sketches of fleeting figures and a rowing figure, laved around 1556.

Nuremberg, Solis, Virgil, Personifications of the Seven Liberal Arts, Musica, Music, verso - stamped, print, prints, height 79 mm, width 52 mm, German, 1514 - 1562-08-01, print maker, printmaker, 1524 - 1562, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), etching

Fortitude. Artist: Abraham Bosse (French, Tours 1602/1604-1676 Paris). Dimensions: Sheet (trimmed): 2 15/16 × 1 7/8 in. (7.4 × 4.8 cm). Publisher: Herman Weyen (Flemish, died Paris, 1672). Series/Portfolio: The Virtues(Les Vertus). Date: 1636. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

The prophetess Hulda, standing with one hand in her side and in her other hand a book (the Old Testament), Hulda Prophetesses of the Old Testament (series title), print maker: Jacob Matham, (attributed to), intermediary draughtsman: Hendrick Goltzius, Haarlem, 1588, paper, engraving, h 250 mm × w 162 mm

Personification of envy, imagined as women's figure with snakes like her, two snakes in her hand, gnawing on a heart.

Virginia with model of small temple; Virginia; Heroines. Virginia standing with model of small temple or arbor with image. Stand behind her in the landscape (Roman) Monuments. Picture frame with curl ornaments and different animals such as dogs, rabbits and snakes. Two boys hold festans with fruit. At the top, curling work is flanked by two owls and other birds.

Humidity overcomes the pride, 1550 - 1625 print The personification of humility (Tapinophosyne) is in her hands and a lamb on her lap with a yoke. She has put her foot on the personification of pride (Superbia) that lies on the floor in front of her. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a series about virtues and vices. paper engraving Pride; 'Superbia' (Ripa) ~ personification of one of the Seven Deadly Sins. Humility; 'Humiltí' (Ripa). one Virtue fighting against or treading upon one Vice

Personified eternity, Arnold Houbraken, 1710 - 1719 print A man with beard as a personification of eternity with a phoenix in his hand. Two bare child figures in the background; On the right includes a globe and on the left the second runs after a flying bird. Print from a series of 41 symptoms. Amsterdam paper etching Birds. Eternity, 'eternity'; 'Eternitã' 'Eternita o perpetuití' (Ripa)

Judith, from Celebrated Women of the Old Testament. Artist: Jost Amman (Swiss, Zurich before 1539-1591 Nuremberg). Dimensions: Sheet: 3 5/16 x 2 5/16 in. (8.4 x 5.8 cm). Date: 1568-96. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Saint Catherine of Alexandria. She carries in her hand a palm branch. On the ground beside her a sword and a broken wheel (her instruments of torture). The print has a Latin caption and is part of a series on female saints, Saint Catherine S. Catherine Female saints (series title) Speculum Illustratum Virginum (series title), print maker: Theodoor Galle, (mentioned on object), David Teniers, (mentioned on object), publisher: Theodoor Galle, (mentioned on object), Antwerp, 1581 - 1633, paper, engraving, h 151 mm × w 98 mm

Dialectic. 1500 - 1550. Beham, Hans Sebald, 1500-1550. Prints. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection

Statue in Versailles Gardens. Summer female personification, a sickle and corners in hand. A caption in French in the margin.

Copper engraving by Albrecht Dürer from 1521 depicting Saint Christopher carrying the Christ child and a severed head, emphasizing religious narrative and detailed engraving.

Debora, Jacob Matham (attributed to), after Hendrick Goltzius, 1588 print The prophetess Debora, standing with a hand in her side and a book in her other hand. Haarlem paper engraving female persons from the Old Testament (with NAME) (not in biblical context). the time of Deborah and Barak (Judges 4-5)

. The Prophetes Hannah, standing in a landscape.

Matigheid, Hans Collaert (I), After Lambert Lombard, 1557 print In a niche the female personification of moderation (temperantia), one of the four cardinal virtues. In her hands, a jug with liquid wears that she pours into a bowl. The print is part of a series with the seven virtues as the subject. print maker: Antwerpafter design by: Liègepublisher: Antwerp paper engraving Temperance, 'Temperantia'; 'Temperanza' (Ripa) ~ one of the Four Cardinal Virtues

Diana holding fruit in her left hand standing within a niche. Artist: Giulio Bonasone (Italian, active Rome and Bologna, 1531-after 1576). Dimensions: sheet: 6 5/8 x 3 3/8 in. (16.9 x 8.6 cm). Date: ca. 1531-76. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Print, Frontispiece, to a General; Italy

Modesty. Dated: 1552. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Heinrich Aldegrever.

Amsterdam, Visscher, Claes Jansz. (II), Goltzius, Hendrick, Matham, Jacob, The virtues, Prudence (Prudentia), The personified prudence; a female figure with two snakes in her hand and a second face on the back of her head., print, prints, height 218 mm, width 143 mm, Northern Netherlands, 1571-10-15 - 1631-01-20, print maker, printmaker, 1585 - 1589, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, 1558-01 - 1617-01-01, after a design by, Publication (Event), Publication, 1586 - 1652-06-19, publisher

Holy Catharina, c. 1590 - c. 1610 print Holy Catharina. Part of a series of 24 performances of female martyrs (Martyrologium). The performances are equipped with edges with flowers and animals. paper engraving the virgin martyr Catherine of Alexandria; possible attributes: book, crown, emperor Maxentius, palm-branch, ring, sword, wheel. flowers

Flora, Cornelis Cort, after Frans Flower (1), 1564 print The goddess Flora sitting on a stone. There are baskets around her with flowers and her hair is also decorated with flowers. paper engraving (story of) Flora

Copper engraving by Sebald Beham depicting Christian allegory with figures, symbols, and detailed composition representing religious themes.

Portrait of Saint Paul of Thebes, Romeyn de Hooghe, 1701 print Portrait of Saint Paul of Thebes from a series of portraits in the history of the churches and Ketteren from the beginning of the new Testament until the year Onses Lord 1688 of Godfried Arnold (1701). Netherlands paper etching / engraving

Polimnia (Polyhymnia). Dated: c. 1465. Dimensions: sheet: 18.9 x 10.4 cm (7 7/16 x 4 1/8 in.). Medium: engraving. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Master of the E-Series Tarocchi.

King artaxerxes II; Persian kings; Series Regum Persarum (...). King Artaxerxes II of Persia standing with an arrow in his hand. In the background you can see how artaxerxes beat his younger brother Cyrus that had rebelled against him. Under the show a three-legged text in Latin.

Jaël, Jan Collaert (II), After Maerten de Vos, 1588 - 1595 print Jaël in the foreground, with a hammer and a tent pin. In the background she hits the tent pin in the head of General Sisera. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a press series with famous women from the Old Testament. Antwerp paper engraving female persons from the Old Testament (with NAME) (not in biblical context). Jael takes a nail of the tent and a hammer

ANTEPORTADA - VIAJE DEL REY (...) CARLOS II AL REYNO DE ARAGON - 1680. Author: FABRO BREMUDAN FRANCISCO. Location: SENADO-BIBLIOTECA-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Diana (Luna) with constellation lobster; LVNA; Seven planets and constellations.man goddess Diana (Luna) as a person's personification with her planets child The constellation lobster

Envy; Invidia; Virtues and vices. Personification of envy (Invidia). A woman standing with one foot on a skull, around her left hand wrinkles a snake, a whip in her right hand. Ninth print from a series of fourteen with personnifications of virtues and vices.

Virgin on a Crescent with a Starry Crown 1508 Albrecht Dürer German. Virgin on a Crescent with a Starry Crown 389983

Hoop (Spes), Jacob Matham (attributed to), after Hendrick Goltzius, 1585 - 1589 print The personalized hope; A female figure with a falcon on her hand, looking up, an anchor at her feet. Haarlem paper engraving Hope, 'Spes'; 'Speranza divina e certa' (Ripa) ~ one of the Three Theological Virtues

Kracht; Fortitvdo; De zeven deugden.In a niche the female personification of power (fortitudo), one of the four cardinal virtues. She has a helmet on her head. In her hand the chopped head of a lion, the symbol of power. The print is part of a series with the seven virtues as subject.

. Minerva, with a helmet, a spear and the shield of Medusa. She looks at an owl in the clouds. The print is part of a three-part series with the three goddesses of Paris judgment and has a Latin caption.

Saint Helen as a hermit Sanctus Helenus , print maker: Christoffel van Sichem (II), (mentioned on object), Abraham Bloemaert, publisher: Pieter Jacobsz. Paets, Amsterdam, 1644, paper, letterpress printing, h 155 mm × w 106 mm

Design for a Book Illustration. Artist: Attributed to William Faithorne the Elder (British, London ca. 1616-1691 London). Dimensions: sheet: 5 1/8 x 3 1/2 in. (13 x 8.9 cm). Date: 17th century. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Leyden, Lucas van, Amsterdam, Muller, Jan Harmensz., Passion of Christ, Resurrection, Christ appears with the banner of the Resurrection in his hand above the opened sarcophagus. Shocked soldiers around the tomb., print, prints, height 122 mm, width 79 mm, Northern Netherlands, 1571 - 1628, print maker, printmaker, 1613 - 1622, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, 1494-06 - 1533-08, after print by, 1800 - 1900

Bliżej Kultury unknown

Patience The Virtues. 1552. Aldegrever, Heinrich, 1502-. Prints. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection

Vlijt; Diligents; Virtues and vices. Personification of the Vlijt (Diligentia). A woman with wings, standing with a whip in her right hand. Third print from a series of fourteen with personnifications of virtues and vices.

Amsterdam, Picart, Bernard, Title page with the portrait of Ovid on a medallion, verso lower left - stamped, Title page with an empty cartouche. In the middle a laureate medallion with the portrait of the poet Publius Ovidius Naso. At the bottom Amor on a globe and an eagle as a symbol of victory., print, prent, prints, engravings, height 138 mm, width 81 mm, Noord-Nederlands, 1673-06-11 - 1733-05-08, print maker, printmaker, 1713 - 1713, first quarter 18th century, paper, papier, etching, etchings, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception

Erato. Dated: c. 1465. Dimensions: sheet: 17.8 x 9.8 cm (7 x 3 7/8 in.). Medium: engraving with traces of gilding. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Master of the E-Series Tarocchi.

Judit with the head of Holofernes, Johannes Wierix, after 1570 print Judit with raised sword in her left and head of Holofernes in her right hand. At the top left a frame with a Bible quote from Judit 13 in Latin. paper engraving Judith with Holofernes' head and the sword

Flora; Goddesses and Nymphs. The goddess flora sitting on a stone. Around her stands with flowers and her hair is also decorated with flowers.

Kracht (Fortitudo); Forteza Virtvs.Woman as a personification of power (fortitudo) sitting on top of a lion, the symbol of this virtue.

GAVE OF SUPPLY, Raphaël Sadeler (I), After Maerten de Vos, 1598 - 1604 print In a niche the female personification of the gift of advice, one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. She wears a crown of leaves and has a key and a heart as necklaces. In her right hand she has a scale. A radiant sun around her head. Venice paper engraving 'Consilium', Counsel ~ one of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost

The Figurine Series: Figurina, 1656-57. Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615-1673). Etching and drypoint;

A 1539 copper engraving by Sebald Beham depicting Luna, the Moon, showing detailed figure work, symbolic attributes, and early 16th-century printmaking technique.

Judith with the head of Holofernes, Hendrick Goltzius, 1586 - 1590, Standing she holds the head of Holofernes in her right hand. On the left, she beheads the sleeping Holofernes in a tent. Design for a print., draughtsman: Hendrick Goltzius, 1586 - 1590, paper, pen, brush, h 263 mm × w 169 mm

Tobias and the Angel Cherubino Alberti (Zaccaria Mattia) Italian After Pellegrino Tibaldi Italian 1575

Drawing: A) Rhea and the infant Jupiter. B) St. Francis of Assisi, A) Black chalk and pen with grayish brown water color on paper. B) Red and black chalk on paper, Obverse: A) Jupiter is shown suckling the goat Amalthea. Rhea stands at left, holding her diadem with both hands. Reverse: B) St. Francis is holding a staff and kneeling, shown obliquely from his right side with his right hand raised., Italy, 1590-1620, figures, Drawing, Drawing

Smell; The five senses. A woman makes a man smelling a rose that she has picked out of a bouquet in her lap. Print from a series of five prints with performances of the senses.

Zomer; L'este; Vier seizoenen.A women's figure between the choirs (personification of the summer) caught in a cartouche.

Venus and Amor, Crispijn van de Passe (I), 1574 - 1637 print Landscape with Venus that is accompanied by Amor. Venus holds a burning heart. In the background a festive company. In the margin a two -way caption in Latin that refers to the saying 'Sine Cerere et Baccho Friget Venus'. That means that love is chilling without wine and festive spirit. Print from a series of three with Bacchus, Venus and Ceres. unknown paper engraving Without the COVER AND BACCHO CLOVE Venus." Banquet of elegant Company - 200 - Out of Doors

Christ as the Gardener; Upper Rhenish Master (German, active about 1470 - 1490); about 1470 - 1490; Pen and gray black ink; 24.1 x 10.8 cm (9 1,2 x 4 1,4 in.)

The Knowledge of God and the Seven Cardinal Virtues: Fortitude - Fortitudo. Hans Sebald Beham (German, 1500-1550). Engraving;

Venice, Bertelli, Orazio, Italy, Carracci, Agostino, Christ, Mary, John the Baptist and the Apostles, Apostle Philip with Book and Staff, print, prints, height 108 mm, width 62 mm, Italian, 1557 - 1602-03-22, print maker, printmaker, 1583 - 1583, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), Publication (Event), Publication, publisher, uitgever

Saint Job (Bartsch 153) Marc Antoine Raimondi (1480-vers1534). Saint Job (Bartsch 153). Fight, chisel. 16th century.

Divitiae, from the cycle: allegorical figures; Aldegrever, Heinrich (Ca 1502-1555 cars 1561); 1549 (1st edition) (1549-00-00-1561-00-00);

Copper engraving by Hendrick Goltzius, circa 1587, depicting Prudence as an allegorical figure with symbolic gestures and attributes.

Philosophy, plate 28 from Arts and Sciences 1460-1470 Italy. The deck of fifty so-called Tarocchi are not tarots in the modern, fortune-telling sense, nor were they intended as playing cards. No cut-out impressions mounted for play are known, and they lack the suits and numbers of a regular deck. Instead, these delicately engraved didactic allegories are grouped in five numbered ranks describing the workings of the spheres of man, the muses, the liberal arts, the cosmos, and the heavens in order of increasing significance, and offer a didactic sequence to educate courtly youths or possibly university students, who could have used them as flashcards or a pamphlet.. Engraving in black on ivory laid paper . Master of the E-Series Tarocchi

Temperance (Die Mesikait), from The Seven Virtues. Artist: Hans Burgkmair (German, Augsburg 1473-1531 Augsburg). Dimensions: Sheet: 12 1/16 × 7 9/16 in. (30.6 × 19.2 cm). Series/Portfolio: The Seven Virtues. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Envy; Invidia; Inventions. Personification of envy in the form of a woman in a landscape. She puts a heart in her mouth and holds a sword in her left hand. In the tree next to her a snake with the cup of a bird. In the margin a single-line caption in Latin.

Loica (Logic). Dated: c. 1465. Dimensions: sheet: 18 x 10.2 cm (7 1/16 x 4 in.). Medium: engraving. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Master of the E-Series Tarocchi.

StandingSoldier. Artist: Abraham Bloemaert, Dutch, 1566-1651

Female personification of element earth with mural crown and scepter Terra (title on object), print maker: Cornelis van Dalen (II), (mentioned on object), publisher: Cornelis van Dalen (II), (mentioned on object), 1648 - 1664, paper, engraving, h 135 mm × w 173 mm

Copper engraving of Saint Agathe by Marcantonio Raimondi, produced circa 1505-1515, depicting the martyr holding her severed breasts, her symbol of suffering.

Juno; Three goddesses in the clouds. Juno sitting with a peacock on a cloud. In the background JUNO drives into a carriage carriage. Under the cloud the story of Juno and the Pauw is depicted.

Luxuria, Heinrich Aldegrever, 1548 - 1549 drawing Design for a print. paper. ink pen / brush Lust, Luxury, 'Luxuria'; 'Lussuria' (Ripa) ~ personification of one of the Deadly Sins

Print, Ornamenti o Grottesche (Grotesque Ornament); Designed by Stefano della Bella (Italian, 1610-1664); Italy; etching on laid paper

Fortitude. Jacob Matham (Holland, Haarlem, 1571-1631)Jan Pietersz. Saenredam (Holland, Zaandam, circa 1565-1607). Holland, 1593. Prints; engravings. Engraving

Louis Félix de La Rue drawing depicting a dancing Bacchantin holding a tambourine, executed with black pen and bister wash around 1758.

Eve. Dated: 1587. Medium: chiaroscuro woodcut. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Andrea Andreani after Domenico Beccafumi.

After Baccio Baldini, Hellespontine Sibyl, early 15th century Hellespontine Sibyl

Suicide of Lucretia.Lucretia is about to progress with a dagger. In the background a look through to a landscape. On the right a text in Greek.

Judith with the head of Holofernes, Hendrick Goltzius, 1586 - 1590 drawing Standing she holds the head of Holofernes in her right hand. On the left she beheaded the sleeping holofernes in a tent. Design for a print. paper. paint (coating). ink pen / brush Judith (one of the nine worthiest women). Judith with Holofernes' head and the sword

Copper engraving by Hendrick Goltzius depicting David from the biblical narrative, showing the figure in dynamic pose with detailed anatomy, gestures, and classical composition, created around 1588.

The Month of March. Artist: Sir Edward Burne-Jones (British, Birmingham 1833-1898 Fulham). Dimensions: 19 x 10-5/8 in. (48.3 x 27 cm). Date: ca. 1866.Burne-Jones worked with William Morris on decorative projects for more than thirty years. This early design represents March as a young woman carrying a ram, the zodiacal sign for Aries. She stands amid blooming crocuses and blackthorn and is serenaded by a song thrush. The drawing was used to create a painted panel, one of a series dedicated to the months in the Green Dining Room at the new South Kensington (now Victoria and Albert) Museum. The scheme helped to establish the reputation of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Company, and the finished room was described in 1875 as "one of the pleasantest little picture-galleries in existence.". Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Saint Catherine of Alexandria Made 1620-1621 Flanders. Peter Paul Rubens was one of the most talented and famous artists in northern Europe in the 17th century. Throughout his career, he relied on professional printmakers to help him publicize his images, but he probably made no more than three etchings, of which Saint Catherine of Alexandria in the Clouds is most often accepted as his work. This sheet depicts the saint atop the wheel of her martyrdom, just as Rubens painted her in the Jesuit church in Antwerp (1620/21). The artist may have turned to printmaking in the 1630s, when he collaborated with Christoffel Jegher to produce 24 woodcuts, and this late state may not have been printed until after his death.. Etching on paper . Peter Paul Rubens

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Martin Schongauer, The Archangel Gabriel, c 1490 1491 The Archangel Gabriel

Rachab, Jan Collaert (II), After Maerten de Vos, 1588 - 1595 print In the foreground Rachab, a prostitute from Jericho. In the background, Rachab helps two spies of the Israelite people escape from the city of Jericho by lowering them out of a window. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a press series with famous women from the Old Testament. Antwerp paper engraving Rahab (not in biblical context); possible attributes: red rope. Rahab, whose house was built in the city wall, lets the spies down from the window by means of a red rope

Love with the coat of arms of the Archbishop of Paris. Love's personification raises a burning heart and is seated next to a coat of arms of Louis Antoine de Noailles, Archbishop of Paris. In addition to her children and a pelican, who feeds her boy with her own blood.

Power (Fortitudo), Jan Saenredam, After Hendrick Goltzius, 1593 print Standing woman next to a column, in a niche, as a personification of strength. Northern Netherlands paper engraving Fortitude, 'Fortitudo' ~ one of the Four Cardinal Virtues

Woman with Musical Instrument. Medium: etching. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Jean Mignon.

Pallas Athena standing on a globe, holding a spear in her left hand and her shield in her right ca. 1520-27 Anonymous, Italian, 16th to early 17th century Italian. Pallas Athena standing on a globe, holding a spear in her left hand and her shield in her right 342586

Saint Serafina. Saint Fina or Serafina. Part of a series of 24 performances of female martyrs (Martyrological). The performances are equipped with edges with flowers and animals.

Graf, Urs, Nuremberg, Solis, Virgilius, Swiss standard bearers, Basel, Standard bearer with standard of Basel, verso - handwritten in brown ink, print, prints, verso - stamped, 145, height 98 mm, width 67 mm, German, 1514 - 1562-08-01, print maker, 1524 - 1562, paper, etching, engraving, engraving (printing process), plate tone, Work conception, Swiss, 1485 - 1528

Simson, Jacob Matham, after Hendrick Goltzius, 1585 - 1589 print Simson with a donkey jaw in his hand. In the background the scene in which Simson kills a thousand Philistines. Haarlem paper engraving Samson (not in biblical context); possible attributes: broken pillar, club, jawbone, lion's head, lion's pelt. with an ass's jaw-bone Samson slays a thousand Philistines. Samson and the jaw-bone of an ass (Judges 15:9-20)

Fortune 1555 Heinrich Aldegrever German. Fortune 428727

Copper engraving by Sebald Beham titled 'The Misfortune', depicting a human figure in a symbolic representation of misfortune or adversity.

Proserpina -Flora. Engraver: Unknown After: Giovanni Battista Franco (called Il Semolei), Italian, 1498(?)-1561

Leda or Venus () With bird and putti for a shell, Alonso Berruguete, 1500 - 1561 drawing Design for a fountain. paper. pencil. ink pen Jupiter, in the shape of a swan, and Leda

Master of the E Series Tarocchi, Urania, c 1465 Urania

The speech of man; The essence of human existence. Man amidst objects that symbolize the possibilities of life. He studies a ring that he keeps in the left hand. In life one must make a choice between following his passions (personalified by Venus and Amor), temporary needs (the wine and the fruit), appearance entertainment (the playing cards, the mask, tennis racket) or knowledge (the passer , the planer, the singbook and the shopping hook). The snake that has been turned around his hand symbolizes the reason that can help him make his choice.

Figure of Fortuna, Roman goddess of fortune, with cornucopia (horn of plenty) and gubernaculum (ship's rudder). From an engraved cornelian gem. Fortuna. Incis in Corneola. Copperplate engraving from Francesco Valesio, Antonio Gori and Ridolfino Venutis Academia Etrusca, Museum Cortonense in quo Vetera Monumenta, (Etruscan Academy or Museum of Cortona), Faustus Amideus, Rome, 1750.

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