Famous Inventors and Scientists

19th-century engravings of renowned scientists and inventors, capturing their likenesses while highlighting their contributions to science and technology.

Emil von Behring (1854-1917) German immunologist and bacteriologist. Awarded first Nobel prize for physiology or medicine, 1901. Engraving, 1902

Emil von Behring (1854-1917) German immunologist and bacteriologist. Awarded first Nobel prize for physiology or medicine, 1901. Engraving, 1902

Illustration depicting Gaston Tissandier (1843-1899) a French chemist, meteorologist, aviator and editor. Dated 19th Century

Illustration showing Robert Koch (1843 - 1910); German physician and microbiologist. As the founder of modern bacteriology, he identified the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and gave experimental support for the concept of infectious disease

Emil von Behring (1854-1917) German immunologist and bacteriologist. Awarded first Nobel prize for physiology or medicine, 1901. Engraving, 1902

Charles Robert Darwin, 12 February 1809, 19 April 1882, was a British naturalist, Historical, digital reproduction of an original 19th century document

Ernst Christian Julius Schering (May 31, 1824 November 2, 1897) was a German mathematician.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, 1845 - 1923, a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, historisch, C:CC5historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

Portrait of Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch (1843 - 1910) German physician and microbiologist. Famous for discovering the tuberculosis bacillus in 1882, the cholera bacillus in 1883 and for the development of Koch's postulates. Founders of bacteriology. Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905, Germany. Old XIX century engraved illustration from La Ilustracion Española y Americana 1890

Emil Heinrich du Bois-Reymond, 7 November 1818, 26 December 1896, was a German physiologist and theoretical physician who is considered the founder of experimental electrophysiology and co-founder of the subject of physiology, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th-century original

Illustration depicting Gaston Tissandier (1843-1899) a French chemist, meteorologist, aviator and editor. Dated 19th Century

Henri Sainte-Claire Deville (1818-1881), French chemist. Engraving, 1873.

(Raymond) Gaston Plante (1834-1889) French physicist who in 1859 invented the first accumulator or electric storage battery. It was a wet cell with two lead plates immersed in sulphuric acid, the electrolyte. Engraving from 'A travers l'Electricite' by Georges Dary (Paris, c1906) .

Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922), Scottish born American inventor. Bell took out a patent for his telephone in 1876. From 'Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science', Louis Figuier, (Paris, 1883). Engraving.

Eduard Suess, 1831 - 1914, Austrian geologist and politician of the 19th century, an expert in the tectonic structure of the Alps, woodcut 1888

Leo Lesquereux (1806-1889), born in Fleurier, Switzerland, he emigrated to America with his family in 1847 and settled at Columbus, Ohio. In the 1830s an illness rendered him deaf. A bryologist (expert on mosses and liverworts) and palaeobotanist, he assisted Louis Agassiz with the botanical part of his Journey to Lake Superior, and after William Sullivant's death in 1873 he completed his work on American mosses. Engraving, 1896.

George Buchanan (1831-1895) English physician with an interest in the improvement of sanitary conditions. Chief medical officer for the Local Government Board (1879-1892). Engraving, 1895.

Jean Servais Stas (21 August 1813 - 13 December 1891) was a Belgian analytical chemist that co-discovered the weight of carbon.

Illustration showing Sir William Huggins (1824 - 1910); English astronomer best known for his pioneering work in astronomical spectroscopy

Portrait of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurisation. Dated 19th century

Friedrich Theodor Vischer, from 1870 von Vischer, 30 June 1807, 14 September 1887, pseudonyms utricularia ochroleuca (U.) (U.) (U.) Schartenmayer and Deutobold Symbolizetti Allegoriowitsch Mystifizinsky, German literary scholar and philosopher

Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (1829-1896). German chemist. Engraving, 19th century.

Jean Servais Stas (21 August 1813 13 December 1891) was a Belgian analytical chemist that co-discovered the weight of carbon.

HAECKEL, Ernest (1834-1919). German biologist. Engraving.

Raymond Gaston Plante (1834-1889) French physicist who invented the first accumulator or electric battery in 1859. It was a wet cell with two lead plates immersed in sulphuric acid, the electrolyte, engraving from Les Merveilles de la Science by Louis Figuier (Paris, around 1870), Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Joseph Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) British scientist and astronomer.

Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (1835 4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian.

Juan Vilanova Piera (1821-1893). Spanish Naturalist and Geologist. Engraving by Arturo Carretero (1852-1903). The Spanish and American Illustration, 1889.

George Julius Poulett Scrope 1797-1876 British geologist and economist. In geology, he was particularly interested in volcanoes. From the life of Sir Roderick I. Murchison by Archibald Geikie London, 1875. Copper engraving., Historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record date not stated

SAMUEL MORSE American inventor of the electric telegraph, and the Morse Code which it used. Date: 1791 - 1872

(Raymond) Gaston Plante (1834-1889) French physicist who in 1859 invented the first accumulator or electric storage battery. It was a wet cell with two lead plates immersed in sulphuric acid, the electrolyte. Engraving from 'Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science' by Louis Figuier (Paris, 1883).

French engineer - Artesian wells from Louis Figuier Les Merveilles de la science, Paris 1870.

Raymond Gaston Plante (1834-1889) French physicist who in 1859 invented the first accumulator or electric storage battery. It was a wet cell with two lead plates immersed in sulphuric acid, the electrolyte. Engraving from Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science by Louis Figuier (Paris, 1883).

Franz Joseph Andreas Nicolaus Unger, 30. November 1800 - 13. Februar 1870, war ein k. k. österreichischer Botaniker, Paläontologe und Pflanzenphysiologe / Franz Joseph Andreas Nicolaus Unger, November 30, 1800 - February 13, 1870, was an imperial and royal Austrian botanist, paleontologist, and plant physiologist, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, genaues Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

John Mackenzie Bacon (1846-1904) English scientific writer and lecturer interested in astronomy, ballooning, wireless telegraphy, acoustics, and cinematography. Engraving c1900.

Illustration showing Asa Gray (1810 - 1888); considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century.

Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910), Italian astronomer who made the observations that produced the false idea of 'canals' on the surface of Mars

Alfred Russel Wallace OM FRS (8 January 1823 - 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in On the Origin of Species. Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia. Wallace was a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, is

Etienne Jules Marey (1830-1903) French physiologist. Pioneer of cinematography. Engraving, 1904

JOHN COUCH ADAMS Astronomer Date: 1819 - 1892

Jean Augustin Barral (1819-1884), French agricultural chemist, 1884. Artist: Unknown

The late Colonel A. Strange, F.R.S., 1876. Engraving from a photograph by Messrs. Maull and Co. 'Colonel Alexander Strange...did much very good service in the work of the trigonometrical survey in India...and latterly in superintending here, for the Indian Government, the construction of a series of large astronomical and geodetical instruments...These, together with smaller transit instruments, such as astronomical clocks, were designed by Colonel Strange and manufactured under his direction. For the purpose of testing the instruments to be used in India, he had a special observatory built, a

GEORGE HARLEY English surgeon Date: 1829 - 1896

Joseph Whitworth (1803-1887) British engineer and inventor. Machine tools: Screw thread. Tinted lithograph c.1880

Theodor Billroth (1829-94) Austrian surgeon, practised in Vienna, pioneer of abdominal surgery, intestinal resection (1881), laryngectomy (1874), Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Raymond Gaston planned in 1834-1889 French physicist, who invented the first accumulator or the first electrical memory battery in 1859. It was a wet cell with two lead panels that were dipped in sulfuric acid, the electrolytes. Copper engraving from A Travers L Electricite by Georges Dary Paris, approx. 1906., Historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated

Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen, 1833 - 1905, German geographer, cartographer and explorer, founder of modern geomorphology, introduced the term of the Silk Road, Wood engraving, 1880

Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) German pathologist and founder of cell pathology. In later life he turned to anthropology and archaeology and collaborated with Schliemann on the excavations at Troy. Engraving from 'La Science Illustree' (Paris, 1892).

Wilhelm Eduard Weber, 24 October 1804 to 23 June 1891, a German physicist, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th-century artwork, exact original date unknown

T. R. Buchanan, House of Commons, England, historical illustration, 1884

Andrew Crombie Ramsay (1814-1891) British geologist. Professor of geology at Univeristy College London 1847. President of the Royal Geological Society 1862-1864. From 'Life of Sir Roderick I. Murchison' by Archibald Geikie (London, 1875). Engraving.

RICHARD QUAIN anatomist Do not confuse with Sir Richard Quain Date: 1800 - 1887

(Raymond) Gaston Plante (1834-1889) French physicist who in 1859 invented the first accumulator or electric storage battery. It was a wet cell with two lead plates immersed in sulphuric acid, the electrolyte. Engraving from 'Les Merveilles de la Science' by Louis Figuier (Paris, c1870). Engraving.

Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902) German pathologist and founder of cell pathology. In later life he turned to anthropology and archaeology and collaborated with Schliemann on the excavations at Troy. Engraving from 'Harper's New Monthly Magazine' (New York, June 1899).

MENDELEYEV, Dmitry Ivanovich (1834-1907). Russian chemist. Autor the first version of the periodic table of elements. Engraving.

Sir Joseph Whitworth (1803-1887) is considered among the top Victorian mechanical engineers. He is best known for his development of a rationalized system of screw threads and for the screw threads that bear his name: British Standard Whitworth (BSW). He proposed this thread system in 1841 and the relevant British Standard is BS 84: 1956. His principal contribution was his introduction of new standards of accuracy in manufacturing to a degree previously unknown.

Giambattista Donati, Giovanni Battista Donati, 16 December 1826, 19 September 1873, was an Italian astronomer, Historical, digital reproduction of an original 19th century document

ALFRED HENRY GARROD physiologist, anatomist Date: 1846 - 1879

Jean Augustin Barral (1819-1884) French agricultural chemist; first to extract nicotine from tobacco leaf. Wood engraving Paris 1884

Portrait of Alexander Strange (1818-1876) a colonel and scientist. Dated 19th Century

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, 6 October 1836, 23 January 1921, a German anatomist, famous for consolidating the neuron theory of organization of the nervous system and for naming the chromosome, Professor and doctor, woodcut from the year 1888, Germany, Europe

Portrait of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1852-1934. Spanish neuroscientist and pathologist, Spain. Old XIX century engraved illustration from La Ilustracion Española y Americana 1894

Carl August von Steinheil, October 12, 1801 - September 12, 1870, a German physicist, astronomer, optician, and entrepreneur / Carl August von Steinheil, 12. Oktober 1801 - 12. September 1870, ein deutscher Physiker, Astronom, Optiker und Unternehmer, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert,.

England/UK: Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist, geologist and author of 'On the Origin of the Species' (1859), Popular Science Monthly, February 1873

Sir Joseph Whitworth (1803-1887) is considered among the top Victorian mechanical engineers. He is best known for his development of a rationalized system of screw threads and for the screw threads that bear his name: British Standard Whitworth (BSW). He proposed this thread system in 1841 and the relevant British Standard is BS 84: 1956. His principal contribution was his introduction of new standards of accuracy in manufacturing to a degree previously unknown.

James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) English physicist: Studied chemistry under John Dalton: Worked with William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). Mechanical equivalent of heat (J). Unit of energy, Joule, named after him. Engraving c1895.

Ferdinand Julius Cohn (born 24 January 1828 in Breslau, died 25 June 1898) was a German botanist and microbiologist. Alongside Robert Koch, he is considered one of the founders of modern bacteriology, Illustration, reproduction from a 19th century original. Authentic, File restored for optimal use, Exact date of original unknown, Historical, Elderly man with glasses and beard portrayed in suit

Carl Ernst Bock, 1809-1874, German physician and anatomist, Germany, Europe

Théodose Achille Louis Vicomte du Moncel. Théodore du Moncel (1821-1884) was a prominent French physicist and advocate of the use of electricity. In 1879 he founded the journal La lumière électrique. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1883

An engraving depicting David Napoli, a scientific balloonist. Dated 20th century

Historical illustration from the 19th Century, portrait of Charles Robert Darwin, 1809 - 1882, a British naturalist, evolutionary theory

ETIENNE LENOIR 1822/1900 INVENTOR DEL MOTOR DE GAS EN 1860.

Gustav Kirchoff (1824-1887). German physicist. Engraving, Nuestro Siglo, 1883, Barcelona.

Oskar Lenz (1848-1925). Austro-German geologist and mineralogist. He led several expeditions to the African continent to carry out geological studies. He visited the legendary city of Timbuktu. Engraving. La Ilustracion Espaola y Americana, 1881.

Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (1829-1896). German chemist. Engraving, 19th century. Colored.

Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (1829-1896). German chemist. Engraving, 19th century. Colored.

Ernst Curtius, 2 silver hake (1814), 11 July 1896, was a German classical archaeologist and ancient historian, Historic, digital reproduction of an original 19th-century original

Thomas Grainger Stewart (1837-1900) Scottish physician. Professor of the Practice of Medicine, Edinburgh University (1876-1900). Etching from 'Quasi Cursores' by George Hole (Edinburgh, 1884).

Henri-Jacques Giffard (1825-1882), inventor francés del dirigible propulsado a vapor. Grabado de 1873.

ALBRECHT VON GRAEFE German oculist, considered the founder of modern opthalmology Date: 1828 - 1870

Ferdinand Fouque (1828-1904) French geologist. From 'La Nature', Paris, 1904.

Sir William Crookes - a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tube which was made in 1875.

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818, 11 October 1889) was a British brewer who achieved great distinction as a physicist, 1895, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

OTHNIEL CHARLES MARSH American palaeontologist Date: 1831 - 1899

Theodosius Nikolayevich Chernyshev (1856 -1914) -Russian geologist and palaeontologist, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, 1818 - 1884, a German chemist, he converted carbon disulfide, in several steps, to acetic acid, and developed a theory of the existence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, historical engraving, about 1889

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Darwin English naturalist. Evolution by Natural Selection. Engraving from 'The Century Magazine', New York, January 1883

MAXWELL, James Clerk (Edinburgh ,1831-Cambridege, 1879). Scottish physicist. Noted for her work on magnetism and electricity.

Joseph Wilson Swan (1828-1914) British physicist and chemist. Photography (bromide paper): Incandescent light bulb. Here a Royal Society Conversazione, 8 May 1889, demonstrating that metal ring wound with coil of wire rotates in Earth's magnetic field when small current applied. Engraving

Galileo Galilei, 15 February 1564, 8 January 1642, was an Italian polymath. He was a philosopher, physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer and cosmologist, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Illustration showing George Critchett (1817 in Highgate - 1 November 1882, in London) was an ophthalmic surgeon.

Wilhelm Conrad X-ray - physicist. State state view Hamburg, collection of photography history, acquired 1972

Alfred Russel Wallace OM FRS (8 January 1823 - 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in On the Origin of Species. Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia. Wallace was a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, is

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824 -1907). British physicist and mathematician. Engraving. The Artistic illustration, 1896.

Portrait of James Paget (1814-1899) an English surgeon and pathologist, best remembered for naming Paget's Disease. Dated 19th century

Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli, 14 March 1835, 4 July 1910, was an Italian astronomer, 1879, historical woodcut, Germany, Europe

EMIL FISCHER - German chemist Date: 1852 - 1919

Francis Maitland Balfour (1851-1882) Scottish-born British embryologist; brother of AJ Balfour; killed in climbing accident on Mont Blanc, Switzerland. Wood engraving 1882.

Professor Daniel Sanders, 1819-1897, German philologist and lexicographer, historical illustration, circa 1886

Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen (1811-1899) German chemist and spectroscopist. The Bunsen burner, the gas burner used in laboratories and invented by Michael Faraday, was perfected by him (1855). Engraving from 'Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science' by Louis Figuier (Paris, 1883).

Portrait of Alexander William Williamson (1824-1904) an English chemist. Dated 19th Century

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