Historic Scientific Diagrams

Illustrations depicting historical scientific concepts including magnetic fields, optics, and garden designs with detailed engravings.

Simple vertical section hands to understand the manoeuvre, vintage engraving. Simple vertical section hands to understand the manoeuvre, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10674035

Illustration showing Gilbert's diagram showing the behaviour of a magnetic needle and the difference between true and magnetic north. Here a cylindrical lodestone represents the field of the Earth. CD is the equator. From William Gilbert De Magnetet London, 1600

Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing how a spectrum is formed. From Epistolae; Amsterdam 1668

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Lens, Akromat.For more info See: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 107.

Diagram showing the behaviour of a magnetic needle and the difference between true and magnetic north; a cylindrical lodestone represents the field of the Earth. CD is the equator. From William Gilbert; De Magnete; London, 1600

A woodcut engraving depicting a plan for a water garden on a sloping site. Fountain at B fed by a pool of fountain at A. Fountain A fed by water source at a higher level. Dated 18th century

Netherlands, Weissenbruch, Isaac, Part of the human body with an abnormality, print, prints, height 43 mm, width 79 mm, Dutch, 1826-08-27 - 1912-11-13, print maker, printmaker, 1836 - 1912, paper, papier, houtgravure

L da Vinci: illustration of vision

Simple vertical section hands to understand the manoeuvre, vintage engraving. Simple vertical section hands to understand the manoeuvre, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10674035

Engraving depicting the divine harmony of the region of the four basic elements (earth, air, fire and water), lying beneath the sphere of the moon. Dated 17th Century

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.The drawing of camera lens, Goerz dogmar.For more info See: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 131.

Mechanism of Whitneys saw gin for cleaning seeds from cotton bolls. Woodcut, London, 1849.

Magnetic field of a stator

energy, water, water wheels, breastshot waterwheel, cross section, wood engraving, late 19th century,

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Distrort

Hubs for two forward channels, vintage engraving. Hubs for two forward channels, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673964

Engraving depicting the arrangement of lenses in Johannes Kepler's telescope. This had two double convex lenses and gave a wider field of view. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. Dated 19th Century

Cross-section of Eli Whitney's (1765-1825) saw-gin for cleaning cotton, 1865. Artist: Unknown

Engraving depicting a sectional view of a typical 18th Century 'magic lantern'. Dated 18th Century

$Diagram explaining the Christiaan Huygens' wave theory of light by refraction. Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor. Dated 19th century$

Eye, schematic representation

1851, Illustration depicting the mechanism of the Drummond Light. Limelight (also known as Drummond light or calcium light), was a type of stage lighting once used in theatres and music halls. An intense illumination is created when an oxyhydrogen flame is directed at a cylinder of quicklime (calcium oxide)

Illustration showing Hydraulic ram: pump for raising water from a reservoir to a slightly higher level. Invented by Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (1745-99) in 1796.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.The upper figure shows a thin lens. In the case of thin lenses, both main plans coincide. The lower figure shows two coated lenses and this gives two different main plans. For more technical explanation, see for more info See: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942.s. 51-57.

Cross section of the interior of the atmospheric tube

Other available pieces of wood, vintage engraving. Other available pieces of wood, vintage engraved illustration. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10647895

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of solvents and solution.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Bränvännadens influence on the image size. If the object distance is constant, the image size increases with the lens focal length. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1942. p. 58.

1851, Illustration depicting the mechanism of the Drummond Light. Limelight (also known as Drummond light or calcium light), was a type of stage lighting once used in theatres and music halls. An intense illumination is created when an oxyhydrogen flame is directed at a cylinder of quicklime (calcium oxide)

Method of measuring angles with a cross-staff. Dated 17th century

Siliceous diatoms or diatoms, Bacillariophyta, from the mountain flour of Ebsdorf, Germany, illustration from 1880, historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century, Europe

Electric magnet

Engraved diagram of Solignacs' carbon arc lamp.

Inside the Hall signal, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Engraving depicting a regenerative x-ray tube, which by two lightbulbs, allowed a more efficient vacuum to be created. Dated 19th Century

Apparatus for telpherage woods, vintage engraving. Apparatus for telpherage woods, vintage engraved illustration. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10647957

Illustration depicting Heinrich Hertz's resonator, a nearly closed 210cm wire circle, one end pointed and the other ending in a ball, and mounted on a wooden stand. Hertz used this to detect radiation emitted by his oscillator. Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves theorised by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. Dated 20th century

Diagram from Steno Prodromus 1671, showing how rock strata can fold and give different formations. (Read figures in order 25 back to 20). Woodcut.

Illustration by showing the formation of a rainbow by dispersion and total internal reflection alongside the splitting and combination of light via a prism. From Isaac Newton's Opticks; London; 1704

In addition to Dr. Robert Goddard's pioneering work, American experimentation in rocketry prior to World War II grew, primarily in technical societies. This is an early rocket motor designed and developed by the American Rocket Society in 1932.

Engraving depicting Warker's aerated water bottle. Dated 19th century

Vincent continuous Bazin, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

An engraving depicting a universal dial in the shape of a cross. Dated 19th century

A woodcut engraving depicting compasses. Dated 17th century

Isaac Newton's prism experiment showing how sunlight is split into its separate colours, 1747. Artist: Unknown

Diagram from Steno 'Prodromus' 1671, showing how rock strata can fold and give different formations. (Read figures in order 25 back to 20). Woodcut.

Spirometer - apparatus for measuring respiration.

Tycho Barhe's planetary system showing at X the comet of 1577. Woodcut, 1588.

Faraday's induction machine

Formation of rainbow by dispersion and total internal reflection (Fig.15) and splitting and recombination of white light by prisms (Fig.16) From Isaac Newton 'Opticks' London 1704

18th century engraving by T Jefferys of Hygrometers. A hygrometer measures the moisture content in the air.

Design for a German Air-Balloon. Dated 19th Century

$Engraving depicting atmospheric refraction. René Descartes' diagram explaining the rainbow. René Descartes (1596-1650) a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dated 17th century$

Byzantinisches Gebäude mit Zentralplan. Veröffentlichung der Meyers Enzyklopädie Byzantine central-plan building. Publication of the Meyers encyclopedia, Vol. 7, Leipzig, Germany, 1910. LicenseRF Copyright: xZoonar.com/SergeyxKohlx 23189397

An engraving depicting James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. Maxwell's idea of a line of electric force. The vertical line is the direction of force, magnetic and electric disturbances are at right angles to it. Dated 19th century

Specimen taken in a branch, vintage engraved illustration.

Engraving depicting James Watt's parallel motion, patented in 1784. James Watt (1736-1819) a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist. Dated 19th century

Part of a series of drawings appearing in the ILN in 1846 showing a magnified view of a slice of a small wedge of ripe potato as seen under the microscope. It resembles a honeycomb showing the cells of which contain the starch in the form of oval grains (a) and little seedlings of the Potato Botrytis infestins beginning to grow (b). The potato crop was the staple diet of the Irish rural population. When potato blight resulted in a ruined crop in 1846, over 1 million Irish citizens died, with

Illustration eines Bettes mit elliptischen Federn und verstellbarem Kopfteil von Georg Frey in New York, 1870, Amerika, Historisch, digital restaurier...

Engraving depicting a navigator's grafting tool. Dated 19th century

18th century illustration showing a backstaff or English quadrant. 1776. The backstaff is a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of a celestial body, in particular the sun or moon. When observing the sun, users kept the sun to their back (hence the name) and saw the shadow cast by the upper vane on a horizon vane. It was invented by the English navigator John Davis who described it in his book Seaman's Secrets in 1594

Post and telegraph system, Schematic representation of a telephone connection, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Planimeter used in conjunction with a set square for surveying. From Levinus Hulsius 'Instrumentorum Mechanicorum', Frankfort-am-Main, 1605. Engraving

An engraving depicting the mechanism of the Drummond Light (limelight or oxy-hydrogen light). Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting knots, pulleys and other devices used to moor boats. Dated 19th century

Radial sections of pine wood, showing the path of Hylesinus minor larvae galleries and the puppe chamber, vintage engraved illustration.

Early recording device: The Berliner microphone patent, 1880.

Old recording hygrometer by Albert Nodon. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1886

Illustration depicting the astronomical observations on the measurement of Diurnal arcs, drawn circa 1840. In astrology, a diurnal arc is the time, as expressed in right ascension, it takes a planet, point, or degree to move from its rising point to its setting point. This takes place in many celestial bodies such as the sun and moon. Dated 19th Century

Reproduction. >>

Illustration depicting a design for a German flying machine. Dated 19th Century

Illustration depicting a sunken cold store for a butcher's shop. Ice was packed around the iron tank. Dated 19th century

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Report of Lummer-Brudhuns Prisma.for more info See: Chuwolen p. 356

Decomposition of water by the cell, vintage engraving. Decomposition of water by the cell, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10674213

An engraving depicting a Navigator's horsing-block. Dated 19th century

Arrangement of the oblique wheels

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material.Perspective.

An engraving depicting a compass showing true north and the direction of the needle to magnetic north. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting a spirit still patented by Miller of Glasgow. This employed evaporating cones with spiral channels round the outside. Dated 19th century

Psychrometer, vintage engraving. Psychrometer, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1870. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10679321

An engraving depicting a pump drill used by the Iroquois tribe to produce fire. Dated 19th century

Snuffers, vintage engraving. Snuffers, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1853. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673886

Schema of the breaking of a specimen by compression parallel to the fibers, vintage engraved illustration.

Table de graduation du cytometre

Solar Watch or portable dial Pyrenees, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857.

Using the aeolipile by Philibert Delorme, vintage engraving. Using the aeolipile by Philibert Delorme, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1847. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673571

Blood circulation in the respiratory system, showing the pulmonary artery and vein. Ink and white paint on paper, with acetate overlay, by D. Vaihinger, 1975.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958. Description of reflex in glass pane.

The threatening clash of Henry IV with his son Henry, the later V. Illustration from the manuscript of Otto von Freising's Chronicle, digital improved reproduction of an original print from 1880

A Matchlock mechanism in use on British firearms c1700 at the time of William III. Engraving.

The Horoscope of Wallenstein, Astrology, created by the imperial court mathematician Johannes Kepler, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680) Dutch naturalist. Swammerdam's observations on the contraction of muscle. V: Dissected muscle with nerve attached (nerve-muscle preparation). VI: Nerve-muscle preparation in glass tube, tendons attached to pins. When nerve pinched, the muscle contracts and fills VIII: Nerve-muscle preparation in glass tube, one end closed with a cork, the other having narrow tube with water droplet at e. Nerve pulled by thread c. IX: Similar to VIII. Engraving from 'Biblia Naturae' by Jan Swammerdam (1737-1738).

Experiment with three water-filled glass prisms to show that white light split into colours by one can be recombined by the other. Engraving 1747.

Hydro-magnetic Clock Fountain P Valentin Stansel, vintage engraving. Hydro-magnetic Clock Fountain P Valentin Stansel, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1847. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673703

energy, water, water wheels, undershot waterwheel, so called Poncelet wheel, cross section, wood engraving, late 19th century,

A woodcut engraving depicting an Archimedean Screw for raising water. Dated 18th century

Clepsydra: in which the escapement was operated by the weight of water in different tanks. Dated 1664

Labor Inspectorate Photo Collection. Drawing of device

Clip the Royal coat of St. Louis, vintage engraving. Clip the Royal coat of St. Louis, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1842. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10660058

Small DC anchor

of 3