Historic Scientific Discoveries

Engravings depicting historical scientific experiments and inventions including steam engines and artificial respiration in various settings.

Hawkins invities scientists to dine inside his iguanodon model at the Crystal Palace exhibition at Sydenham. Date: 1854

Engraving showing a lecture given by Sir Roderick Murchison about the geographical distribution of gold ore, held at the Royal Institution, London, 1850. Date: 1850

'Naval officer taking a lunar distance with a sextant in order to calculate the latitude of the ship. Engraving, 1891.'

'Professor Faraday lecturing at the Royal Institute before the Prince Consort and the Prince of Wales, 1856', (1901). Michael Faraday (1791-1867) giving a lecture attended by Prince Albert and his son, Prince Albert Edward (future King Edward VII). Faraday was one of the greatest scientists of the 19th century. His most significant contribution was "Experimental Researches on Electricity" which was published over 40 years, where he described his discoveries, including the laws of electromagnetic induction (1831) and the laws of electrolysis (1833). He also discovered the principles o

Copper engraving by Willem van Swanenburg depicting an anatomical theater showing human dissection for educational purposes, created in 1610.

Grape treading in winery, from the 1775 edition of 'Oeconomie générale de la campagne, ou Nouvelle maison rustique', Paris, 1700. By Louis Liger (16581717), French agronomist and prolific writer on flora and fauna. This was a guide to horticulture for country dwellers

'A General Display of Arts and Sciences', 1790. Artist: Reynolds Grignion

Born in 1822, he studied chemistry under Delafosse. He discovered the nature of the fermentation and went on to research his germ theory of disease. Pasteur demonstrated that vaccinating cattle with strains of anthrax protected them against infections from subsequent inoculations. He used this theory in the treatment against Rabies. Date: 1885

Engraving depicting an artist's reconstruction of the scene during a meeting of the Royal Society in April 1800, when Joseph Banks read the Alessandro Volta's letter about his electric pile (battery).

PASTEUR, Louis (1822-1895) French chemist and bacteriologist. Vaccination of sheep against anthrax. Agerville (France), 1884. Engraving.

French druggist and grocer, 16th century. Engraving after an illustration by Jean de Vries in the 16th century. "Moeurs, usages et costumes au moyen-âge et à l'époque de la Renaissance", by Paul Lacroix. Paris, 1878.

George Lesage (1724-1803), Swiss scientist, experimenting with the first electric telegraph, Geneva, 1774. Wood engraving, Paris, c1870

Frontispiece of Jean-Antoine Nollet's Lecons de physique experimental. Dated 18th Century

Room of Physics in Felix Meritis, 1789, Reinier Vinkeles (I), after Pieter Pietersz. Barbiers, After Jacques Kuyper, 1801 print Demonstration of the electrification machine in the hall of physics in the building of the Felix Meritis Maatschappij in Amsterdam, inaugurated in 1789. print maker: Northern Netherlandspublisher: Amsterdam paper etching / engraving physics. physics (+ tools, instruments; laboratory equipment ~ scientific research). learned society, academy of sciences Happy merits

Cuvier determining the remains of fossil animals, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Hall of Physics in Felix Meritis, 1789, Reinier Vinkeles (I), After Jacques Kuyper, after Pieter Barbiers (I), 1801 print Demonstration of the electrification machine in the hall of physics in the building of the Felix Meritis Maatschappij in Amsterdam, inaugurated in 1789. Amsterdam paper etching / engraving physics. physics (+ tools, instruments; laboratory equipment ~ scientific research). learned society, academy of sciences Happy merits

Engraving depicting Georg Richmann being killed by while repeating Benjamin Franklin's experiment on the electrical nature of lightning: struck by a fireball. Georg Wilhelm Richmann (1711-1753) a Baltic German physicist, who proved that thunder clouds contain electric charge. Dated 19th century

Scientific instruments and attributes of philosophy: gyroscopes, telescope, pestle and mortar, cosmological manuals, natural history specimens etc.. Lithograph by J-B-J. Jorand, 1835.

The Chemist in his Laboratory, steel engraving after a painting by David Teniers, historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th-century original.

Illustration showing Andrew Ure demonstrating the effect of galvanic electricity on the corpse of the murderer Clyds-dale: Glasgow 1818

education universities chemistry lecture caricature coloured etching by Thomas Rowlandson (1756 - 1827),

An electro-magnetic lift exhibited at Mannheim, designed by Siemens and Halske. The back rail is a set of teeth to prevent a sudden fall. Date: 19 February 1881

Kane and his companions in their ship, Arctic explorations in the years 1853, 1854, 1855 by Elisha Kent Kane. Old 19th century engraving from Le Tour du Monde 1860

Candy Interior, vintage engraving. Candy Interior, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1873. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10679361

Hall of Physics in Felix Meritis, 1789, Reinier Vinkeles (I), After Jacques Kuyper, after Pieter Barbiers (I), 1801 print Demonstration of the electrification machine in the hall of physics in the building of the Felix Meritis Maatschappij in Amsterdam, inaugurated in 1789. Amsterdam paper etching / engraving physics. physics (+ tools, instruments; laboratory equipment ~ scientific research). learned society, academy of sciences Happy merits

Engraving depicting a solar spectrum being demonstrated to young boys in a darkened room by means of a heliostat and a prism.

A General Display of Arts and Sciences. Engraving by Reynolds Grignion after the picture by Leclerc. In this version, to be topical, Grignion has included a balloon (1783) and landscape in the centre distance, rather than the original colonnade. Fronti

Man-engine or movable ladder adopted in Cornish mines. From The Popular Encyclopaedia (London, 1888).

Calculation of the speed of sound, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Apodictic, allegory on the philosophy of side. Cartoon on the philosophy of side. In a busy pharmacy, on the right, human estimation is investigated and exploded; In the middle, a large flask philosophy books are cooked to "Abrakadra".

Cannon working on the multi-charge principle of the american inventors Azel S. Lyman und James Richard Haskell from 1883. Main propellant 60 kg gunpowder auxiliary propellants 12.7 kg each. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1883

Portrait of James Watt (1736-1819) a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist. Dated 19th Century

Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715) French physician and chemist. Lemery giving a public lecture on chemistry in Paris, c1675. Engraving published Paris, 1874.

Naval punishment of cobbing (thrashing) for ruining a meal. Johnny is beaten with a stick over the mess table for adding salt to the pudding. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by W. Read after an illustration by Thomas Rowlandson from Alfred Burton's The Adventures of Johnny Newcombe in the Navy, Simpkin, London, 1818.

LOUIS PASTEUR French chemist and microbiologist honoured at the Sorbonne on the occasion of his Jubilee Date: 1822 - 1895

Print satirising Mesmer and his 'tub' and his ideas of 'animal magnetism'. Frontispiece of booklet published London, 1784

Direct person-to-person blood transfusion at the wrist. After engraving from George Abraham Mercklino Tractatio med. Curiosa de murto et occasu transfusionis sanguinis Nuremberg., 1679, Engraving

The meeting of the physics society in the salons of the Paris observatory, experience of telephone transmissions without receiving devices, France. Europe. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1883

Associates of Louis Pasteur (left) conduct an experiment under his instructions on a chloroformed rabbit. Louis Pasteur, 1822 - 1895. French chemist and microbioligist who discovered, amongst other

Plate XI: A Perspective View of a Lapping Room, with the Measuring, Crisping or Folding the Cloth in Lengths, Picking the Laps or Lengths, Tying the Clips, acting by the Mechanic power of the Laver to press the Cloth round & firm, and Sealing it ..., William Hincks, 1752-1797, after William Hincks, 1752-1797, 1791, Stipple engraving

Illustration showing Joseph Nicephore NIEPCE (1765-1833), left, and Louis Daguerre (1787-1851) who went into partnership in 1829 to exploit Niepce's discovery of how to fix a camera obscura image on a metal plate.

Treadmill at Brixton prison, London. Introduced for prison discipline by William Cubitt of Ipswich. Print published by Ackermann, London, 1827. Hand-coloured engraving.

Pneumatic tube, station of the former pneumatic post in France, Paris, digitally enhanced reproduction of a 19th-century original, historical, exact date unknown.

For the Paris World Fair, Eduard Loysel de Santais presents a pressure brewing apparatus, percolator, a coffee machine, pictures of the time of 1855 / Für die Pariser Weltausstellung präsentiert Eduard Loysel de Santais einen Druckbrühapparat, Perkolator, eine Kaffeemaschine, Bilder aus der Zeit von 1855, historisch, C:CC5historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

An artist's impression of the Benjamin Franklin's (1706-1790) investigation of the electrical nature of lightning in September 1752. Franklin and his assistant are flying a kite in a thunderstorm and Franklin are drawing a spark off the kite string. Dated 19th century

Illustration depicting the Reporters' gallery within the House of Commons. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting a street telescope in London. Dated 19th Century

'DE LA TERRE A LA LUNE' ('From the Earth to the Moon') The space-travellers board the moon- projectile Date: 1865

Illustration showing Professor Steele's Hair-dressing Saloon, Birmingham. Note the belt-driven rotary brushes. 1870

The Kew heliograph being used during the British astronomical expedition to view the total solar eclipse, Spain, 1860. The temporary observation point with the Kew heliograph inside, surrounded by astronomers. Warren De La Rue took the first photographs of a total eclipse on this expedition. From 'The Illustrated London News' Vol 37 (London, 1860).

Joseph Black (1728-1799). Scottish Physician, physicist and chemist. Performing experiments on steam at the University of Glasgow. Scotland, 18th century.

Michelangelo (Michelangelo Buonarroti) (1475-1564). Italian artist. Engraving depicting Michelangelo explaining anatomy to his disciples. From the composition of H. Georg Urlaub. Colored.

John Tyndall (1820-93) Irish born physicist, lecturing on electromagnetism at the Royal Institution, London. May 1870. Wood engraving

Fumigating an Illustrated London News artist. Travel played a large part in the spread of disease as cholera spread from Northeast India towards the east coast of Africa during the nineteenth century. It only took a couple of years for the disease to reach Europe. Date: 1892

Portrait of Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) a Flemish/Netherlandish anatomist, physician, and author of books on human anatomy. Dated 16th Century

$Projecting the image of the Sun through a refracting telescope on to a screen in order to study sunpots. From 'Rosa Ursina' by Christoph Scheiner (Bracciano, 1630). Engraving.$

I operate a development with a dumbbell sixty pounds, vintage engraving. I operate a development with a dumbbell sixty pounds, vintage engraved illustration. Journal des Voyage, Travel Journal, 1880-81. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10657354

Vintage illustration of a medical lecture in an amphitheater showcasing the history of education in medicine.

Cartoon about scientists; Videmus non penetramus. A group of scientists, the five faculties of the University of Leiden representing, standing and sit together around a table. They are busy with their intsstruments and writings. There is a device for the table to generate electricity. A scientist looks through a microscope while another signs a circle with his passer. In the middle, a man dressed in gown looks through binoculars. Behind him is an image of a skeleton with the words: Homo Sapiens. Under the image the statement: Videmus Sed Non Penetramus: We see it but it doesn't understand.

Engraving depicting a family enjoying a magic lantern show. The apparatus here differs little from that of Kircher in the 17th century, consisting of a metal box with lamp placed in focus of a concave mirror. Reflected light falls on a condensing lens which concentrates it on a glass slide, and the enlarged image is thrown on to a screen. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting William Edwards Staite's battery-operated carbon arc lamp being demonstrated outside the National Gallery

Marie Curie (1867-1934). French physicist. Along with her husband, Pierre Curie discovered radium in 1898 and received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911. It was the first woman to occupy a position in higher education (1906). Marie Curie opens a course on radioactivity in his chair at the Sorbonne. Engraving at 'L'Illustration' (1906).

Engraving depicting Foucault's pendulum invented by Léon Foucault (1819-1868) a French physicist. The Foucault Pendulum is a device demonstrating the effect of the Earth's rotation. Dated 19th Century

Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist. Evolution by Natural Selection. Darwin at work in his greenhouse at Down House, near Beckenham, Kent. Engraving

Demonstration of the Earth's rotation using (Jean Bernard) Leon Foucault's (1819-1868) demonstration of the rotation of the earth using freely suspended pendulum in the Pantheon, Paris, 1851. From La Nature (Paris 1887). Engraving.

A well-meaning health enthusiast reviewing his athletic plan for someone's recovery. Pen drawing.

Composition and design of Theophile Schuler, vintage engraving. Composition and design of Theophile Schuler, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1869. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10678806

John Walker (1731-1803), born in Canongate, Edinburgh, Scotland. Scottish chemist, botanist, mineralogist and meteorologist, Professor natural history at Edinburgh University 1779-1803. Founder member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. From 'The Naturalist's Library' edited by William Jardine (Edinburgh and London 1839-1854). Engraving.

Edward VII and Queen Alexandra speaking into the electric arc, experiment at Armstrong College, Newcastle, United Kingdom, drawing by Arthur Garratt, from L'Illustrazione Italiana, Year XXXIII, No 37, September 16, 1906.

The ascent of the balloon 'Zenith' above the clouds with its three occupants (Crocé-Spinelli, Tissandier and Sivel) conducting operations, 1875. Coloured wood engraving.

Print depicting Edward VII (1841-1910) watching the loading of the cables used in the Atlantic Telegraph. The transatlantic telegraph cable was an undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean used for telegraph communications. Transatlantic telegraph cables have since been replaced by transatlantic telecommunications cables. Dated 19th century

Feature from the moon according to the latest binoculars; The shaped of the mane according to the nei-ulcient experienced experienced binoculars.View of a Courtyard Where a Large Binoculars Focused on the Moon. The Courtyard is Full of People and a Carriage Drives. In the middle of a reference to the page: 926 a.

Overall stakes totalizer for racing bets. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1888

First Demonstration of the Telephone, Which Bell Constructed in 1876 Artist Unknown

1894-SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENT OF MR.PARTIERRA.

Asa Gray (1810-1888) American botanist, in the herbarium of the Harvard University Botanic Garden. The Herbarium was based on Gray's collection of more than 200,000 specimens which he offered to the Botanic Garden in 1862 on the condition that his collection, and his library of 2,200 botanical books, were housed in a fireproof building. Engraving from 'The Century Magazine' (New York, 1886).

The skeleton of Death pouring vitriol and aqua fortis into the barrels in a Dram shop (gin bar). Several beauties slumming it drink at the bar, while its victims fall dead near the barrels. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Thomas Rowlandson from The English Dance of Death, Ackermann, London, 1816.

Frontispiece from 'La Science de l'arpenteur : dans toute son etendue' by Dupain de Montesson, 1775.

Astrology and astronomy. Zacharias Janssen (1585-1632) and his lenses, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and his glasses, Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and William Herschel (1738-1822) with their telescopes. Drawing by G. Janet. Engraving by P. Perrichon. "Los Héroes y las Grandezas de la Tierra" (The Heroes and the Grandeurs of the Earth). Volume VIII. 1856. Author: Paul Perrichon. French engraver active from 1854 to 1870.

Museum of Practical Geology: a lecture by Lyon Playfair on the chemistry, manufacture and uses of glass. Wood engraving, 1852.

Solar spectrum being demonstrated to young boys in a darkened room by means of a Heliostat and a prism. 1887.

Laboratory for producing violet, Paris, France, illustration by Normand from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 1657, Volume LXIV, November 28, 1874.

An engraving depicting the President of the British Association, John Burdon-Sanderson (1828-1905), giving the inaugural address at meeting for the Advancement of Science in Nottingham. Dated 19th century

Indigoterie, L'Opération de battre L'Indigo, Pillage des gousses, Broyage des feuilles, Secherie, et Ratelier. Bénard, Robert, 1734-. Illustrations. 1784. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection

Experience of Leon Foucault's pendulum at the Paris Pantheon 1851, France. Old 19th century engraving from La Nature 1887

An attack on smallpox vaccination and on the Royal College of Physicians' advocacy of it. Coloured etching by G. Cruikshank, 1812.

Engraving depicting electric arc lights being used in a photographer's studio in America. Dated 19th Century

Astrology and astronomy. Zacharias Janssen (1585-1632) and his lenses, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and his glasses, Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and William Herschel (1738-1822) with their telescopes. Drawing by G. Janet. Engraving by P. Perrichon. "Los Heroes y las Grandezas de la Tierra" (The Heroes and the Grandeurs of the Earth). Volume VIII. 1856.

Extracting minerals from a well, California. United States of America, drawing by Gustave Adolphe Chassevent (1818 - 1901) Trip to California, 1859 by Louis Simonin (1830-1886) Le Tour du Monde 1862

Boyer's photo studio, a wooden scaffold with gauze-like material stretched over it. This produced an evenly diffused light when the magnesium flash at the top right of the scaffolding was triggered by pressing the button on the bulb at the end of the wire. From La Nature, Paris, 1899, copper engraving, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

An old man rests his head on his hand; cherubs play in a room filled with mechanical instruments; representing mechanical philosophy (or 18th century physics). Stipple engraving by J. Chapman, 1816.

Women examining silk moth eggs and putting in boxes for hatching into caterpillars (silkworms). From The Universal Magazine, London, 1748

The chemical laboratory of the University of Berlin, Germany, in 1880, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century, Europe

Two men saw at a log which is resting in a wooden cradle. Coloured lithograph by H. Tesson.

Gallery of Mineralogy at the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, France, illustration from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 675, Volume XXVII, February 2, 1856.

Artist's impression of the chance discovery of the principle of the telescope by children playing in the workshop of the Dutch optician Hans Lippershey (d1619). Wood engraving, 1863

Experiences of strength and skill studied by Dr Desaguliers. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1885

An engraving depicting a method of using a camera obscura as a drawing aid. Dated 19th century

Surgeon searching for a bullet using an induction balance and earpiece containing a Hughes microphone. Apparatus contrived by David Edward Hughes (1830-1900).

MEETING OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION AT SOUTHAMPTON, CHEMICAL SECTION: J. PRIDEAUX, ESQ. PROFESSOR SCHƒNBEIN. DR. DAUBENY, F.R.S. DR. FARADAY. PROFESSOR ROSE. PROFESSOR GROVE. DR. L. PLAYFAIR. UK, 1846

Appliance built by Leon Foucault in the Pantheon to demonstrate the Earth's rotation, Paris, France, illustration from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 423, Volume XVII, April 4-11, 1851.

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