Historical Industrial Processes

Engravings depicting historical industrial activities like mining and soap boiling from the 15th to 19th centuries.

Animal Powered Milling Machine 17th Century Engraving

Masons, Jan Gillisz. van Vliet, 1635 print Leiden paper etching mason at work. making the carcass (~ building activities). stone ~ building material. clay and sand, etc. ~ building material

The Chintz Printing Room, Merton Abbey Mills, London, 1899. Artist: Unknown

Three men on river structures with ladders and levers. 1780 - 1858. Drawings. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Art & Architecture Collection. Occupations , India

A bronze foundry for equestrian statues with a furnace being worked by assistants; fragments of cannon lying in the foreground. Engraving by R. Bénard.

Crushing sugar cane between vertical rollers: 1882

Interior of a mill two pair of wheels driven by animals, vintage engraving. Interior of a mill two pair of wheels driven by animals, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1852. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673558

Stamping and roasting ore to extract metal, 1556. Artist: Unknown

Workmen fitting the metal casings for an underground tunnel. Wood engraving, 1868.

mining ore dressing metal processing stamp mill woodcut from ""De re metallica"" Georgius Agricola (born Georg Bauer 1494 - 1555) 1556,

Engraving a scene from within the WM Younger & Co., Holyrood Brewery - the mashing stage, where malt and water were thoroughly mixed together. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting a loom in Sudan. Dated 19th century

industry paper manufacture cooking of fibre pulp from bork of mulberry tree rags flax hemp fishing nets ropes woodcut from woodblock print after ""the art of papermaking"" by Cai Lun 18th century private collection historic historical Asia China production occupation occupations work workers oven,

Printing press from 1520

Dyeing cotton, Lancashire, England. Preparing a dying solution by infusing Logwood sawdust in hot water. Engraving, London, 1866.

Platform of a coal mine in the Belgian industrial city of Borinage, Hainaut province. Belgium, Europe. Journey to Belgium by Camille Lemonnier. Old 19th century engraving from Le Tour du Monde 1906

MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS AT MITTENWALD, GERMANY

Engraving a scene from within the WM Younger & Co., Holyrood Brewery - the mashing stage, where malt and water were thoroughly mixed together. Dated 19th century

people professions shoemaker Turkish schoemaker wood engraving 19th century,

AMERICAN REAPING MACHINE, THE GREAT EXHIBITION

Coppersmiths at work in the 17th century. After a print by Jan Gillisz van Vliet.

A woodcut engraving depicting a carpenter making a stamping mill. A, stamp, B, stem, H, cam-shaft, I, cam. Dated 16th century

Engraving depicting a French double cylinder book printing press with set-off and paper folding apparatus. Dated 19th century

Workmen fitting metal casings to form an underground tunnel. Wood engraving, 1868.

A new machine (adopted by some of our first class restaurants) for putting the head on a glass of stout. Please note: Credit must appear as Courtesy of the Estate of Mrs J.C.Robinson/Pollinger Ltd/ILN/Mary Evans Date: 16th February 1921

energy electricity power pole worker getting electric shock USA wood engraving late 19th century,

Industry, Chemists and workers operating distilling apparatus in a laboratory, 1870, Holland, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Engraving depicting miners descending to the working level in a lead mine in the Harz Mountains, Germany. Dated 19th century

A blast furnace in the seventeenth century, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

A grinding mill operated by water power. Engraving, 16--, after J. Besson.

France, Paris, A mine in Italy, print

Battering ram

A Dutch coppersmith at work, while outdoors his colleagues are working on a huge copper object Date: 17th century

Scenes in coal mines in England, The trapper, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1843.

Preparation of items for firing in the biscuit oven. On the floor are saggars in which pots were packed before being placed in the kiln. From Chemical Technology, Philadelphia, 1849, by F. Knapp.

Hollerith tabulator. The sorting box. This machine, first used in the US Census of 1890, had a punched card memory system. From La Nature, Paris, 1894.

Coal miner descending the mine shaft on the looped end of a rope desperately trying to find refuge in an arched niche in the shaft as a fall in the shaft threatens his life. From Underground Life: or, Mines and Miners by Louis Simonin (London, 1869).

One man is holding a large wooden structure as another works at a stone bench, two further people are moving a heavily laden trolley. Coloured etching.

THE INDO-CHINESE OPIUM TRADE, AT AN OPIUM FACTORY AT PATNA

Pushing and Pulling Coal Wagon in Mine, England, 1820's, "Classical Portfolio of Primitive Carriers", by Marshall M. Kirman, World Railway Publ. Co., Illustration, 1895

What a Pipe of Water Can Do. When the conductor in a hydraulic elevator wants the cage to go down, he pulls the rope to raise the plug. The high-pressure water is then shut off, and the water in the cylinder runs away, so that the plunger rod slides down, bringing the cage with it. It must be clearly understood that the rope does not pull the cage up or down. It simply moves the plug, and the water provides the power to drive the cage. the cage can be stopped at any desired point by moving the plug so that it shuts both the high-pressure pipe and the waste-water pipe. In many elevators, the plunger rod, instead of being under the cage, is arranged at the side.

Netting herring off Skane.

INTERIOR OF A GRINDING WHEEL, 1874 engraving

An engraving depicting 20th century grape farmer digging soil. French 1910

Puddlers at work, c1880.Artist: Swain

The coal miner carrying his tools and safety his lamp, 1890. Artist: Unknown

Smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. From 'De la pirotechnia' by Vannoccio Biringuccio (Venice, 1540).

An engraving depicting the coppersmith's shop, Messrs E. & W. Pontifex's Factory, Shoe Lane, London. This factory specialised in the production of vessels for sugar refineries, breweries and distilleries. Dated 19th century

SUGAR PRODUCTION Two mills used as sugar cane press in the French West Indies in the 18th Century. One is moved by animals, the other is a water mill. Date: circa 1760

Illustration showing Towing one of the Caissons, into Position, to build the foundations for the Forth bridge in Scotland. 1890

An illustration depicting convicts working in the stone quarry on the island of Portland. Dated 19th century

Worker in the main sewer, Berlin, lantern, light, hoe, tunnel, darkness, underground, stone walls, Germany, historical illustration around 1898, Europe

Arts et métiers. 1. Le vinaigrier; 2. Le distillateur., 1809 - 1828., Paris. Publisher, Impr. impériale, 1817. Subjects include implements and utensils related to the vinegar industry and distilleries. 70 x 50 cm

Illustration depicting American miners working. Created by Kurz and Alison Art Studio. Dated 1899

Crop Rotation: Harvesting corn. In Norfolk 4 course system, wheat planted first year, followed by turnips, then barley, often underplanted with grass or grass and clover ley to be used for hay or grazing in 4th year. Reaping with scythe, binding and stook

MINE OF COAL, 1580 - METHOD OF EXTRACTION OF THE WATER THAT FILTERED IN THE GALLERIES.

Rock Salt: Miners at work in salt mine Wieliczka, Galicia, Poland. Mine worked for 1,000 years. In 1916, 67 miles of galleries. Very pure deposit. Card published 1916. Chromolithograph

industry industries Krupp steel works Essen steam Sledgehammer 1852 drawing late 19th century technics steam hammer steel production,

Off-Hand Blowing Glass by Louise Pershing, oil on canvas, Circa 1936, USA, Pennsylvania, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Steidle Collection

industry paper manufacture hand papermaking woodcut from woodblock print after ""the art of papermaking"" by Cai Lun 18th century private collection historic historical Asia China production occupation occupations work workers,

George Agricola (1494-1555) . Book De Re Metallica, 1556. Book VIII. Methods of smelting ores. A. Furnaces. B. Forehearths. Color.

Textiles: tapestry weaving, the top of a loom. Engraving by R. Benard after Radel.

Hot water instantly night or day 1926

food oil olive oil extraction of oil in oil mill and press copper engraving by J. Galle of Johann Stradanus ""Nova reperta"" Amsterdam circa 1570,

Sketch of Three ironworkers workers on girder with steam and rooftops in background, New York City, circa 1904

The Miller in his Mill, 1824 By: William Henry Hunt, 19th Century, Watercolour, Mill stone

Boy 'putters' moving coal in a narrow seam - Lancashire, England. From Matthias Dunn 'A Treatise on the Winning and Working of Collieries', Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1848

Illustration of a man creating a woven fence in the countryside. Dated 1900

Steelworkers, Beneker, Gerrit, 1920.

The Cast by Edmund M. Ashe, oil on canvas, 1939, USA, Pennsylvania, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Steidle Collection

People working in a neatly laid out vegetable garden in 18th century France. Date: circa 1760

Woodcut illustration shows three male figures cable making. Dated 1823.

industry paper manufacture hand papermaking sorting and cutting of rags colour engraving second half 18th century private collection historic historical Europe Germany production occupation occupations work workers,

Distiller with two barrels, Jan Luyken, Jan Claesz ten Hoorn, 1693

Sugar refinery, Philips Galle (attributed to workshop or), after Jan van der Straet, c. 1593 - c. 1598 print In a workshop, sugar cane is chopped into pieces and brought to a water mill in baskets. The sugar cane is ground there. The ground pulp is then crushed and syrup is brewed. The syrup is then crystallized and cast in cones. Harvesting sugar cane in the background. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a nineteen -part series about new inventions and discoveries. print maker: Antwerpafter design by: Florencepublisher: Antwerp paper engraving invention, discovery ~ science and technology. tools, aids, implements ~ crafts and industries: press (+ plant material ~ crafts, industries, agriculture). sugar. plants and herbs: sugarcane. workshop

Illustration showing stick of hardwood being rubbed on a core of softwood - the blister making method-to produce fire

A new type of shovel removing the top soil from a bluff in the Cotswold Hills. A typically elaborate contraption by the gadget king, William Heath Robinson showing an excavation machine made from a variety of domestic bits and pieces. Date: c.1938

An early form of the walking dragline stripping rocky overburden preparatory to erecting a new tea shop in the Allegheny Mountains. A typically rickety contraption from the inventive mind of William Heath Robinson showing a walking dragline (actually walking, the machine moves using shoes) preparing ground for the building of a tea shop. Date: c.1938

Excelsior Spraying Outfit No. 16, Farm Machinery

Chinese agriculture, 1825-1835. Top: Husking rice. One person puts grain into a husker while three men move the crank mechanism. Bottom: Man filling wooden pails with water from a stream. From 'Costume Antico et Moderno'. (Rome 1825-1835).

Illustration showing cottage industry scene. Wool spinning and weaving on individual loom and wheel in an English 19th century cottage. Circa 1820

Coal mining, Anthracite Region, Pennsylvania. An electric locomotive hauling loaded cars to foot of mine! , Industrial facilities, Tichnor Brothers Collection, postcards of the United States

Illustration of a medieval carpenter holding saw sawing wood in his workshop viewed from the side set inside circle with tools in the background done in retro style. . Medieval Carpenter Sawing Wood Circle Retro

A laboratory where a number of figures to tasting stoves with distiller devices. Under the main performance the display of a landscape with workmen at a quarry.

The interior of a 16th century German bell foundry.

A black and white drawing of a man chopping wood with an axe

Construction Site Meeting, Chinese Communist Propaganda

The latest type of grab crane clearing out a small pond on Hampstead Heath. A typically rickety and convoluted crane goes through the ridiculous process of clearing out a tiny pond on Hampstead Heath, which, despite its unique proportions, seems to have retained quite a lot of rubbish. A man and a small boy continue fishing, and another boy launches his toy boat, apparently unperturbed by the mechanical intrusion. Date: c.1938

Pork packing house in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1873. Scene shows packing hams in salt to cure them for preservation without refrigeration. Poster of the Cincinnati Pork Packers' Association, 1873.

'Olive Mount Cutting on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway', 1831, (1945). Steam locomotive in the 2-mile sandstone railway cutting which opened in 1830. After 'Excavation of Olive Mount, 4 Miles from Liverpool'. From "British Railways", by Arthur Elton. Collins, London, 1945

Image of the overloading of a silo loading box for transporting soda from train to truck from Van Gend & Loos on the loading and unloading site of the N.S. station Schiedam station.

Sweden, Blekinge, Blekinge, Karlskrona, Karlskrona, external marina (depicted, town).Sweden, Blekinge, Blekinge, Karlskrona, Karlskrona, External War Gogs (depicted, City)

Black and White Illustration from the Loutrell Psalter circa 1340; Threshing Corn

Interior of an iron foundry. Interior of an iron foundry. Five workers carry a holder with molten metal. Part of the pastels collection.

The preparation of the pulp and papermaking in the Islamic World, Anonymous

American Machine Co., Phila.. American Machine Co., Phila.

Ball Bearing Factory by Orlova, Vera Alexandrovna (1904-)/ State Museum- and exhibition Centre ROSIZO, Moscow/ Russia/ Oil on canvas/ Soviet Art/ 193x210/ Genre

Tea, a tea plantation in China, workers rolling and sifting the tea leaves, 1810, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Tea, a tea plantation in China, workers rolling and sifting the tea leaves, 1810, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original..

Der Kohlenstreik Szene in einem Kohlebergwerk, The Coal Strike Scene in a coal mine From the book The Year 1912 illustrated published London 1913, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China (CPC), reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization, and collectivization. Mao Zedong led the campaign based on the Theory of Productive Forces, and intensified it after being informed of the impending disaster from grain shortages. Chief changes in the lives of rural Chinese included the introduction of a mandatory process of agricultural collectivization, which was introduced incrementally. Private farming was prohibited, and those engaged in it were labeled as counter revolutionaries and persecuted. Restrictions on rural people were enforced through public struggle sessions, and social pressure. The Great Leap ended in catastrophe, resulting in tens of millions of excess

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