Historical Religious Conflicts

Dramatic scenes of religious persecution and conflict, including depictions of ancient Roman aggression and biblical martyrdom with a focus on violence and struggle.

Romans torch a German village and drive away its inhabitants Date: circa 1

The deposition, depositio cornuum, taking off the horns, a semi-official initiation ritual which was common at universities throughout Europe from the Middle Ages until the 18th century, woodcut, France, Europe

Romans torch a German village and drive away its inhabitants Date: circa 1

The Estrapade or Question Extraordinary being used to extract a confession from a prisoner. Dated 1541.

Stoning of Saint Stefanus. Saint Stefanus kneels in prayer on the ground while three men and a child stony him with stones that they have collected.

Bible, Old Testament, Job, by H. Holbein, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century, original date unknown

Digitally restored, The whore of the priests at the Porte de Plague, caricature of the priests and monks who living in the Combine, publication from the year 1882, Digitally improved:, The whore of the priests at the Porte de Plague, caricature of the priests and monks who living in the Combine, publication from the year 1882

From The Disasters of The Jewish People: The Tower of Babel, illustration, reproduction from a model from the 19th century. Authentic, file restored for optimal use, exact date of submission unknown, historical

'Adoration of the Shepherds', 1937. Artist: Domenico dalle Greche

From The Disasters of The Jewish People: In the Bible (Joshua 8), Joshua hangs the king of Ai on a pole until evening. But when the sun went down, Joshua commanded his body to be taken down from the pole, illustration, reproduction from a 19th century original. Authentic, file restored for optimal use, exact date of original unknown, Historical

Auction sale. The town crier blowing his trumpet and the auctioneer, the public official in charge of the sale. Another sale in the background, at the sound of the bell. Engraving after a woodcut in "Praxis Rerum Civilium", by Joost de Damhouder (1507-1581). Published Antwerp, 1557. "Moeurs, usages et costumes au moyen-age et a l'epoque de la Renaissance", by Paul Lacroix. Paris, 1878.

Exodus. The strangulation of the first-born. Plagues of Egypt, the last was an Angel that midnight starting with the son of the king, killed all the firstborn of the Egyptians and animals. Sacred biblical history Old Testament. Old engraving from the book Historia Sagrada 1920 Juan Lagui Lliteras

The Devil demands a pact from newcomers to the Sabbat Date: 1626

Torture, The victims are hung on the cross and a fire is lit under their head, in addition they are beaten with sticks, around 1600, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

New Testament. Nativity of Jesus. Adoration of the Magi. Engraving.

Furnius, Pieter Jalhea, Elijah and the Widow of Zarephath, recto - manuscript in pencil, Elijah, on his way to the city of Zarephath, meets a widow who is gathering wood with her little son. The widow has arranged the gathered wood in the shape of a cross. Below the image is a line of text in Latin., print, prent, prints, verso - stamped, 118, recto - manuscript in brown ink, 121, height 211 mm, width 275 mm, 1540 - 1626, print maker, printmaker, 1550 - 1625, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process)

Witches and sorcerers feasting at the Sabbath. Woodcut from Francesco Maria Guazzo 'Compendium Maleficarum', Milan, 1608.

Antwerp, Jode, Gerard de, Francken, Ambrosius (I), Collaert, Hans (I), Thesaurus sacrarum historiarum veteris testamenti, elegantissimis imaginibus expressum excellentissimorum in hac arte virorum opera: nunc primum in lucem editus, Historia Roboam et Jeroboam, History of Jeroboam and Rehoboam, Jeroboam leaves two golden bull calves erect, center bottom - engraved, Under the leadership of Jeroboam a golden statue of a bull calf is hoisted onto a pedestal. In the background the Israelites worship the other bull calf. On the right in the background the coronation of Jeroboam. Below the representation a reference in Latin to the Bible text in 1 Kings 12. Print is part of an album., print, picture, album leaf, prints, pictures, Cum nunc facta fuit...vana locat. 3. Reg. 12., height 212 mm, width 296 mm, South Netherlands (before 1775), 1540 - 1581, print maker, 1579 - 1579, fourth quarter 16th century, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, 1544 - 1618-10-16, after

Witches and sorcerers feasting at the Sabbath. Woodcut from Francesco Maria Guazzo Compendium Maleficarum, Milan, 1608

Sancho Porta (d. 1429), aragonese domician friar, preaching before the kings of Aragon. "Sermons festivitatus ..." . Illustrator: Joannis Joffre, Valencia 1512. Author: Juan Jofre.

Antwerp, Jode, Gerard de, Francken, Ambrosius (I), Collaert, Hans (I), Thesaurus sacrarum historiarum veteris testamenti, elegantissimis imaginibus expressum excellentissimorum in hac arte virorum opera: nunc primum in lucem editus, History of Jeroboam and Rehoboam, Jeroboam has two golden bull calves erected, Under the leadership of Jeroboam, a golden statue of a bull calf is hoisted onto a pedestal. In the background the Israelites worship the other bull calf. On the right in the background the coronation of Jeroboam. Below the image a reference in Latin to the Bible text in 1 Kings 12. This print is part of an album., print, prent, albumblad, prints, engravings, height 210 mm, width 296 mm, South Netherlands (before 1775), 1540 - 1581, print maker, printmaker, 1585 - 1585, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, 1544 - 1618-10-16, after a design by, Publication (Event), Publication, Northern Netherlands, 1509 - 1591-02-05, publisher

Old or young, rich or poor, powerful or weak - whoever you are, Death insists that you join in his Dance ! Date: 16th century

Father, mother and child are enclosed by death, Anonymous, Hans Weiditz (II), 1514 - 1532 print Two personfications of death come to the family from both sides while the boy hides under his mother's skirts. Print is part of an album. paper letterpress printing parents with their children. Death as skeleton - FF - Death as female

Netherlands, Bray, Dirck de, Allegory of a young woman and a man, verso center - stamped, A young woman and a man hold each other's right hands. They are crowned by two angels and connected by a long ribbon., print, prints, height 55 mm, width 79 mm, Noord-Nederlands, 1645 - 1694-05-09, print maker, printmaker, 1635 - 1694, paper, papier, houtsnede

LOS ISRAELITAS ESCLAVOS EN EGIPTO. Grabado de 1889. Álbum de Historia Sagrada (La Santa Biblia en imágenes). Dibujo de Julio Schnorr de Carolsfeld.

Netherlands, Master of the Virgo inter Virgines, Master of the Delbecq-Schreiber Passion, Master of Delft, Christ healing the blind man of Bethesda, Three scenes from the story of the healing of the blind man. Blind man is led to Christ. Christ lays hand on the eyes of the blind. Healed man walks away., print, book illustration, prints, height 175 mm, width 145 mm, Northern Netherlands, unknown, 1480 - 1500, fourth quarter 15th century, first quarter 16th century, paper, woodcut, Southern Netherlands

Moses anoints Aaron bishop and Aaron's sons priests. From The Treasure Holder or Shrine of the True Riches of Salvation and Eternal Bliss, 1491, Histo...

Lively scene at a village fete. Date: circa 1520

Benedict of Nursia (480-547). Italian Christian monk. Founder of the Benedictine Order. Considered the patriarch of Western monasticism. The Heavy Stone. Episode from the life of the saint. His disciples wanted to place a stone to build a chapel, but the devil sat on it, making it so heavy that no one could move it. Benedict blessed the stone and the devil fled. Engraving by Huyot after a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the church of San Miniato al Monte, Florence, Italy, 1387. "Vie Militaire et Religieuse au Moyen Age et a l'Epoque de la Renaissance". Paris, 1877.

Krijgsman killed with spear, 1574 print A fight is going on in a temple and a man with a spear is pierced. The show is used for, among other things, the priest Mattatias who kills a man who wanted to make a sacrifice on the altar in Modeïn in accordance with the king's order. The print is part of an album. paper letterpress printing Mattathias kills a Jew, who wanted to offer sacrifices to pagan gods, and pulls down the altar in Modin (1 Maccabees 2:23-26)

Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights

Torture, Indians pouring liquid gold into the mouth of a Spaniard, Conquistador, c. 1550, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original.

Jesus forgiving sins and healing a paralytic. Matthew, chapter 9. Engraving.

After Sébastien Le Clerc I, Christ before Pilate Christ before Pilate

Antwerp, Jode, Gerard de, Collaert, Hans (I), Francken, Ambrosius (I), Thesaurus novi Testamenti elegantissimis iconibus expressus continens historias atque miracula doni nostri Iesu Christi, Parables from the New Testament, Parable of the Rich Man and Poor Lazarus, A rich man sits at a table with his family and guests. Outside the house on the right, the beggar Lazarus is begging, his sores being licked by a dog. In the background, the continuation of the story is depicted. When the rich man and Lazarus have died, Lazarus is sitting in heaven on Abraham's lap. The rich man is in the flames of hell. Below the image is a reference in Latin to the Bible text. This print is part of an album., print, album page, prints, height 220 mm, width 292 mm, Work conception, 1544 - 1618-10-16, after a design by, 1585 - 1585, fourth quarter 16th century, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), print maker, Southern Netherlands (before 1775), 1540 - 1581, printmaker, Publication (Event), Publi

Christ in Limbo. From: The large Passion., 1510, Germany, by Albrecht Dürer. Gift of Bishop Monrad, 1869.

Digitally restored, The daughter enters into the monastery, Parents bring their daughter to the monastery and is received at the gate of nuns, publication from the year 1882, Digital improved:, The daughter entry into the monastery, Parents bring their daughter to the monastery and is received at the gate of nuns, publication from the year 1882

Childrens games in the 16th Century: from left to right are rattle, windmill, hobby-horse and boy blowing soap bubbles using a reed, Woodcut

Jesus Christ with His Disciples and Lazarus at Simon's, 1506, from The Passion of the Christ, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th ce...

Native Brazilians Drying Petum by unknown artist

Deutsche Kindertrachten um 1515, Historisch, digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert

events Protestant Reformation 1517- 1555 book burning at the gates of Wittenberg woodcut 16th century,

The Strangling, by Pizarro, of the Inca Atahualpa

Torture, burning and strangulation, torturers perform the embarrassing interrogation with various torture implements, c. 1600, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original.

Wisdom in the pulpit. A pulpit is a raised enclosed platform in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers a sermon.

The Conversion of St. Paul. Old 19th century engraved illustration from Jesus Christ by Veuillot 1890

Job is valid by Satan. Right in the foreground is Job on a stone. Satan shocked him with a rod and gives him swear. Left Job is mocked by his wife. In the background the resembles of jobs children between the debris and columns of his house.

Indonesia/Bali: 'The Balinese rite of self-sacrifice or Suttee' (sati), Houtman, Verhael vande Reyse Naer Oost Indien, 1597

Jews of Cologne burnt alive after being tortured. Punishment after they were accused of profaning a pyx. Woodcut from 'Liber chronicarum mundi', 1493.

Mudarra and His Horsemen Convert to Christianity and are Baptized. Antonio Tempesta (Italy, Florence, 1555-1630). Italy, 1612. Prints; etchings. Etching

Aaron. High Priest of the Israelites. Aaron throwing her stick, which became in serpent, in front of the Pharaoh. Exodus. Engraving.

Moving of Christ; Title page for: Ordre der Textten, where yearly fashion on the holidays is preached in the Nederduitsche churches, 1781. Christ with thorns crown and joined hands is mocked by three soldiers. Around the show medallions with scenes from the New Testament.

Cultural state at the end of the 15th century, Dance of the Patricians, Germany, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19t...

16th century Spanish woodcut of Zapotec Indians converting to Christianity; Mexico

'Sorcerers paying homage to Satan at the Sabbath. Woodcut from ''Copmpendium maleficarum'', Milan, 1608, by Francesco Maria Guazzo.'

Abimelech hands over a thousand hubs to Abraham, Cornelis Bos, 1555 print Koning Abimelech gives Abraham gifts to restore the honor of Sara. He thought Sara and Abraham were brother and sister and had Sara brought to his palace. Print from a series of 12 prints with the life of Abraham. All prints have four lines of German explanatory text in the lower margin. Groningen paper engraving Abraham is summoned before Abimelech; Sarah is given back to Abraham, who is honoured with a thousand pieces of silver and other gifts

The Child. Death visits a child who is at home, with symptoms of being ill and at the moment when the family is cooking on a bonfire. Death takes the child by the hand and leads him out of the house. Facsimile of an engraving belonging to the series "The Dance of Death" by Hans Holbein the Younger, in "Les Simulacres de la Mort", 1538. "Vie Militaire et Religieuse au Moyen Age et a l'Epoque de la Renaissance" . Paris, 1877.

After Sébastien Le Clerc I, Christ before Annas Christ before Annas

Antwerp, Jode, Gerard de, Coignet, Gillis (I), Collaert, Hans (I), Thesaurus sacrarum historiarum veteris testamenti, elegantissimis imaginibus expressum excellentissimorum in hac arte virorum opera: nunc primum in lucem editus, Historia Susannae, History of Susanna, Stoning of the Elders, The two elders who falsely accused Susanna are tied to a tree and stoned by the crowd. Below the image is a reference in Latin to the Bible text in Dan. 13:62. The print is part of an album., print, album leaf, prints, height 194 mm, width 260 mm, South Netherlands (before 1775), 1540 - 1581, print maker, printmaker, 1579 - 1579, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, South Netherlands, 1542-09 - 1599-12-27, after a design by, Publication (Event), Publication, Northern Netherlands, 1509 - 1591-02-05, publisher

Antwerp, Galle, Theodoor, Sterre, Johannes Chrysostomos van der, Cornelis, Assassination attempt on Saint Norbert, Several soldiers want to murder Saint Norbert and his companions. Norbert intervenes and wants to sacrifice himself for his followers. The soldiers are moved by this piety and become the protectors of the saint. The print has two Latin inscriptions: one above and one below the image., print, book illustration, prints, height 155 mm, width 93 mm, print maker, printmaker, 1622 - 1622, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), 1591 - 1652, writer, Publication (Event), Publication, South Netherlands, 1571 - 1633, publisher

Bread distribution in the Louvre in Paris during the famine in the winter of 1709-1710, France, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century, exact original date unknown, Europe

Mandäer, members of a monotheistic religious community, here in ancient China, historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated,

Martin Luther and the Swiss students in the inn, Jena (left) room, table, window, group, Luther in the circle of Wittenberg friends (right) room, bench, door, entering, Swiss students, town of Wittenberg, 16th century, historical illustration around 1860

Sailors buying winds (tied in knots) from a magician. From Olaus Magnus Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus Antwerp 1562.

Bible, Old Testament, Abraham receives the prophecy of the angels, by H. Holbein, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century origin...

Engraving depicting Christians being arrested for their religious practices. Dated 16th Century

The two angels visiting Lot's house in Sodom strike blind the rapacious mob outside. Line engraving by P. Galle after A. Blocklandt.

The Beheading of John the Baptist

Burning of witches hanging on the gallows, around 1613 in Roermond in Holland, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from an original of the time..

The Child. Death visits a child who is at home, with symptoms of being ill and at the moment when the family is cooking on a bonfire. Death takes the child by the hand and leads him out of the house. Facsimile of an engraving belonging to the series "The Dance of Death" by Hans Holbein the Younger, in "Les Simulacres de la Mort", 1538. "Vie Militaire et Religieuse au Moyen Age et a l'Epoque de la Renaissance" . Paris, 1877.

Human life as a staircase from birth to death, illustration from the 17th century

The Washing of the Feet, from The Little Passion by Albrecht Duerer, 1511, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

The Sixth Key of Basil Valentine, legendary 15th century German monk, showing the marriage of the alchemical king (gold) and queen (silver) and the process of distillation in furnace using an alembic in water bath or bain marie. From 'Von dem grossen Stein Uhralten' by Basil Valentine (Strasbourg, 1651). Engraving.

Hogenberg, Frans, Prophecy of Christ about the end of times, verso bottom right - handwritten, The prophecy of Christ about the end of times (Matth. 24). On the left, the hungry are given bread. In the foreground dead from the plague., print, prints, verso - stamped, Brugel, height 341 mm, width 467 mm, Dutch, German, 1540 - 1590, print maker, printmaker, 1562 - 1562, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), etching

He robs a proud bishop of his gold, and makes him sing mass Date: circa 1630

Illustration titled 'The Triumph of Death'. Dated 16th Century

Woodcut depicting the martyrdom of Saint Peter. Dated 15th Century

The New Picture for the National Gallery - "The Adoration of the Magi" - painted by Paul Veronese, 1856. 'Sir Charles Eastlake has secured to the British nation...a square-shaped Gallery sized picture...The Saviour (the new-born babe) is seen in the arms of his Virgin Mother. The Virgin herself has not much divinity of look: the race of Virgin Mary painters had passed by the time the great Venetian began to flourish. The rude manger is lost in a Palmyra of columns and the child to whom the offering is made, in a picturesque confusion of richly-dressed men, caparisoned camels and hors

Antwerp, Galle, Philips, Florence, Straet, Jan van der, Passio, mors et resurrection dn. Nostri Iesu Christ, Passion, death and resurrection of Christ, Arrest of Christ, verso bottom center - stamped, Christ is arrested by the soldiers. Peter defends him and wants to cut off the ear of a soldier. Christ tries to stop him (Matthew 26:51).The print has a Latin caption and is part of a series on the passion, print, prints, 331, written, verso, height 194 mm, width 264 mm, Southern Netherlands, 1537 - 1612-03-29, print maker, printmaker, 1585 - 1586, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, 1523 - 1605-11-02, after a design by, Publication (Event), Publication, South Netherlands, publisher

Antwerp, Cock, Hieronymus, Bruegel, Pieter (I), Galle, Philips, The Seven Virtues, Fides, Faith, verso - stamped, The female personification of Faith (Fides), dressed as a nun, stands on the open tomb of Christ in a church. She points to the opened Bible and the dove of the Holy Spirit. On her head are the tablets of the law. The sacraments are administered in the church (mass, marriage, baptism, confession, eucharist). The instruments of the passion lie around the tomb. Below the representation a two-line text in Latin., print, prints, Frederik Muller Historieplaten, height 224 mm, width 293 mm, Southern Netherlands, 1537 - 1612-03-29, print maker, printmaker, 1559 - 1562, third quarter 16th century, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), 1525 - 1569-09-05, intermediary draughtsman, after a drawing by, Publication (Event), Publication, 1518 - 1570-03-10, publisher

Caelius Aurelianus: herbs given to the sick

The establishment of the cross, Master of Delft (attributed to), 1503 print Printed from three blocks. Christ on cross. Cross is erected by four men. Left and right of the performance Architectural ornamentation. Low Countries paper raising of the cross to which Christ is nailed already

From The Disasters of The Jewish People: Jehu, King of Israel, destroyed the Baal cult by having its temple made into a cession, burning the Baal statue and killing the priests, illustration, reproduction from a 19th-century model. Authentic, file restored for optimal use, exact date of submission unknown, historical

Suzanna and the elders; Spacious bible. Suzanna is harassed by the elders. On the right a rooster and a dog. A garden in the background. Under the show four four-regular verses in Latin.

Anti-Semitic caricature, depicting The King, the Church and the Jews, in league with the Devil, created during the 1848 German Revolution. Dated 19th Century

Job's Misfortune and Godliness, Job's Serenity in Hard Trials, Job, Chapter 1, Verses 1-21, Old Testament, Bible, God-fearing, Cattle, Oxen, Sons, Rural, Satan, Servant of Job, Sheba, Fire, Burning, God, Heaven, Glory, Light, Angels, Lnadship, Historical Illustration 1890

The Hermit Gallus, from Sylvae Sacrae by Rafael Sadeler (c. 1600), Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

The Bishop of Tournai receiving the Tithe of Beer granted by King Chilperic. From 15th century window in cathedral of Tournai

Crucifixion of Petrus, Michel Wolgemut (workshop of), 1493 print Peter is crucified with the head at his own request. Two men bind him to the cross. The print is part of an album. paper letterpress printing Peter crucified upside down

witches Walpurgis Night witches' sabbath on the Blocksberg woodcut 16th century,

The burning at the stake of Urbain Grandier in Loudon, France, August 18, 1634, after his conviction for witchcraft in the Loudon possessions trial. Urbain Grandier, 1590 - 1634, French priest. Afte

Columna Bellica ad Portam Carmentalem, military column at the Carmentalis Gate. The Columna Bellica stood near the Temple of Bellona. They were part of the buildings that formed the Circus Flaminus, Historic Rome, Italy, digital reproduction of an original 17th-century design, original date unknown, Europe

Woodblock print of the Exorcism of Nicole Aubry, a young married woman, 15 or 16 years of age, who was publicly exorcised in 1566 in the French city of Laon. Dated 16th Century

Deutsche Tracht um 1515, langes Haar und Calotte, netzartige Haube aus wollenen oder seidenen Schnüren, Modegeschichte, Trachtengeschichte, Historisch...

Tortures inflicted upon Catholics by the Hugenots in the South of France

Chief of the Florida Indians consulting a magician (shaman) before going into battle, c1780. Artist: Unknown

Historic drawing, 19th century, the Egyptian Pharaoh sitting on a sedan chair

superstition devil ""magic fool"" selling his soul to the devil copper engraving ""Centi-folium stultorum in qaurto Oder hundert ausbuendige Narren"" by Abraham a Santa Clara 1709,

Indulgences in a Basel church with the coat of arms of the Medici family. People bought indulgences out of fear of purgatory and unforgiveness. It was said that one would be freed from one's sins if one bought an indulgence. Digital improved reproduction of an original print from the 19th century..

SAINT JUDOCUS holy person befriended not only by birds but by fish : when he died his body remained uncorrupted for 60 years Date: - 653

Assyrian sculpture, the king, the sacred tree, horses and servants, horses, people, object, rectangles, drawings, Bible, Old Testament, Second Book of Kings, Chapter 16, historical illustration c. 1850, Near East

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