Historical Space Missions And Research

Black and white images depicting historic space exploration, including Apollo 11 mission details, ion rocket testing, and tobacco research.

Testing an Ion Rocket

Millions of people on Earth watched via television as a message for all mankind was delivered to the Mare Tranquilitatis (Sea of Tranquility) region of the Moon during the historic Apollo 11 mission, where it still remains today. A commemorative plaque was attached to the leg of the Lunar Module (LM), Eagle, engraved with the following words Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the Moon July, 1969 A.D. We came in peace for all of mankind.” It bears the signatures of the Apollo 11 astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, Command Module (CM) pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., Lunar Module (LM) pilot along with the signature of the U.S. President Richard M. Nixon. The plaque, as shown here, covered with protective steel for the launch and journey to the moon, was uncovered by crew members after landing. The Apollo 11 mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida via the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) developed Saturn V launch vehicle on

Testing an Ion Rocket

Rotor Entry Vehicle - force test in 12ft w.t. at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA test-12-328 with J.J. Garber (ARO contractor)

Anefo photo collection. Leiden Observatory exists 12 May a.s. 100 years. The mirror. May 5, 1961

S-65 Meteor Impact Model set up in the former Altitude Wind Tunnel at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Technicians prepare the Space Electric Research Test (SERT-I) payload for a test in Tank Number 5 of the Electric Propulsion Laboratory at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

S69-42583 (20 July 1969) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander, descends the ladder of the Apollo 11 Lunar Module (LM) prior to making the first step by man on another celestial body. This view is a black and white reproduction taken from a telecast by the Apollo 11 lunar surface camera during extravehicular activity (EVA). The black bar running through the center of the picture is an anomaly in the television ground data system at the Goldstone Tracking Station.

Thule circulatory tank.Thule (depicted - name)

Atomic Energy in France. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

B732005 U7AD SL-1 #6 JOHN BROUILLARD (Project Engineer) JAN 15 73 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 1/15/1973 CABLES; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; PHOTOGRAPHY, BLACK & WHITE; PIPES; PIPING; TEST SITES; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; SL-1# 6 historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

Astronomers Gather New Space Data. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

A Centaur second-stage rocket is lowered into the vacuum tank inside the Space Power Chambers at NASAs Lewis Research Center. Centaur was to be paired with an Atlas booster to send the Surveyor spacecraft to the moon as a precursor to the Apollo landings. Lewis was assigned responsibility for the Centaur Program after the failure of its first developmental flight in May 1962. Lewis Altitude Wind Tunnel was converted into two large test chambers—the Space Power Chambers. The facilitys vacuum chamber, seen here, allowed the Centaur to be stood up vertically and subjected to atmospheric conditions-- pressures, temperature, and radiation--similar to those it would encounter in space. The Centaur for these tests was delivered to Cleveland in a C?130 aircraft on September 27, 1963. The rocket was set up in the facilitys high bay where Lewis technicians and General Dynamics consultants updated its flight systems to match the upcoming Atlas-Centaur?4 mission. Months were spent reharnessing

A88322 U12P MISSION CYBER LOS INTERIOR WALL DAMAGE MIKE BURKE (PROJECT ENGINEER) JAN 28 88 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 1/28/1988 DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT & INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT; LOS INTERIOR WALL DAMAGE; MISSION CYBER; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; TEST SITES; UGT; UNDERGROUND; UNDERGROUND TESTING; U12P MISSION CYBER historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

MODEL OF 100-INCH TELESCOPE, VIEW FROM THE NORTHWEST.

Airlock Testing

S65-30271 (3 June 1965) --- Astronaut Edward H. White II, pilot on the Gemini-Titan IV (GT-4) spaceflight, floats in the zero gravity of space outside the Gemini IV spacecraft. His face is covered by a shaded visor to protect him from the unfiltered rays of the sun. White became the first American astronaut to walk in space. He remained outside the spacecraft for 21 minutes during the third revolution of the Gemini IV mission. He wears a specially designed spacesuit for the EVA. His right hand (out of frame) is holding the Hand-Held Self-Maneuvering Unit (HHSMU), with which he controlled his movements while in space, and a camera is attached to the HHSMU. He was attached to the spacecraft by a 25-feet umbilical line and a 23-feet tether line, both wrapped together with gold tape to form one cord. He wears an emergency oxygen supply check pack. Astronaut James A. McDivitt is command pilot for the GT-4 mission. The mission was a four-day, 62-revolution flight, during which McDivitt and W

Ordnance Survey.Glass negative is retouched to remove blemishes before it goes to the "helio" department for reproduction. Minute spots in the emulsion must be filled in with opaque paint, the retoucher working on a light table. Retoucher are highly skilled; they must be able to scratch name in the emulsion (in reverse, as this is the negative which will be indistinguishable from the printed letter. This is sometimes necessary when a small correction has to be made, and saves the cost of changing the enamel and re-photographing it. Retouching also cuts costs when small revisions have to be made later. June 15, 1948. (Photo by Pictorial Press).

Tool for learning diving. canottieri milano. milan. 1953.

Once the United States' space program had progressed from Earth's orbit into outerspace, the prospect of building and maintaining a permanent presence in space was realized. To accomplish this feat, NASA launched a temporary workstation, Skylab, to discover the effects of low gravity and weightlessness on the human body, and also to develop tools and equipment that would be needed in the future to build and maintain a more permanent space station. The structures, techniques, and work schedules had to be carefully designed to fit this unique construction site. The components had to be lightweight for transport into orbit, yet durable. The station also had to be made with removable parts for easy servicing and repairs by astronauts. All of the tools necessary for service and repairs had to be designed for easy manipulation by a suited astronaut. And construction methods had to be efficient due to limited time the astronauts could remain outside their controlled environment. In lieu of al

Geotechnical laboratory. Painted details on cabinets

An astronaut wearing a pressurized space suit performed a work task while suspended in a zero-gravity” simulator known as the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) at Marshall Space Flight Center. This particular task was one of many performed by astronauts while checking out the mockup for the Apollo Telescope Mount.

Vintage Photograph. Scientist looking through a microscope in a laboratory

WS-110A Brown Bomber in Unitary Wind Tunnel Low Mach Number Test

James Hansen describes the work on Project Echo s air density experiment known as the Sub-Satellite. Before launch engineers subjected the sub-satellite to many tests. Here, the sub-satellite is shown prior to tests to determine the capacity of the 30-inch Sub-Satellite to withstand the high temperature of direct sunlight in space, Langley researchers subjected it to 450 F heat test. Results indicated that the aluminum-covered Mylar plastic would effectively reflect the dangerous heat. -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, NASA SP-4308, p. 168.

Scientist looking through microscope

Man Looking Through Binoculars

Anefo photo collection. Ice palace. March 20, 1946

This photo shows the Shuttle tile flight test fixture under the wing of a National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft.

ROBERT DUVALL in THX-1138 (1971) -Original title: THX 1138-, directed by GEORGE LUCAS.

(L TO R): ALBERT EINSTEIN & FERDINAND ELLERMAN AT THE FOCUS OF THE 150-FOOT TOWER TELESCOPE.

Photograph of a model of the Nimbus Weather Satellite developed by the United States of America. Dated 20th century

Louis Breguet, Ateliers d'Aviation. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

Scientist with protective glasses and nose cover experimenting with Ion Jet rocket propulsion. Sept. 27, 1957.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Aldebaran (depicted - name).Aldebaran (depicted - name)

Man building model ship

F-111 LOADS model in 12ft w.t. at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA with Robert Ziesser

ICARUS - Lunar Walker with Pilot Dick Yenni. Yenni in ICARUS rig for jet propelled lunar mobility, at Lunar Landing Research Facility gantry.

Marva Meteorologist

One-Man Extravehicular Gimbal Arrangement

View of the front ". The mathematics machine" shrimp ".

Misc-Science-Lab. Scenes. December 5, 1950.

Electric echo sounder of the training ship submarine control Hr.Ms. Sea eagle (A 892, Ex-Batavier IV 1903), 1957.

Albumin paper photograph by Adolphe Block showing the Italian Department at the 1878 Paris World Exhibition, in stereo format, depicting exhibits, architectural details, and exhibition layout.

Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator

CPT Mel Fourroux, from the Air Force Air Weather Service, adjusts space eye of a new optical telescope. The telescope is the first of five observatories in the Solar Electro Optical Network (SEON) that will provide sun watch on a world-wide basis. (Substandard image). Base: Palehua State: Hawaii (HI) Country: United States Of America (USA)

Radar Watches For "Flying Saucers" -- A radar screen in operation at the National Airport, Washington. Dark spots indicate objects in the air. The so called "Flying Saucers" have been variously explained as space-ships from other planets, Russian secret weapons, American secret weapons and figments of the imagination. The latter explanation is now unlikely as mysterious objects in the skies above Washington have been recorded by Radar. Thus speculation on the real nature of "Flying Saucers" will

A test subject being suited up for studies on the Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator located in the hangar at Langley Research Center. The initial version of this simulator was located inside the hangar. Later a larger version would be located at the Lunar Landing Facility. The purpose of this simulator was to study the subject while walking, jumping or running. Researchers conducted studies of various factors such as fatigue limit, energy expenditure, and speed of locomotion. Francis B. Smith wrote in his paper "Simulators For Manned Space Research," "I would like to conclude this talk with a discussion of a device for simulating lunar gravity which is very effective and yet which is so simple that its cost is in the order of a few thousand dollars at most, rather than hundreds of thousands. With a little ingenuity, one could almost build this type simulator in his backyard for children to play on. The principle is ...if a test subject is suspended in a sling so that his body axis make

Forest Diseases - General. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

B732179 U12E DIAGNOSTICS DICK BAFF (Project Engineer) MAY 23 73 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 5/23/1973 DIAGNOSTIC; DIAGNOSTICS; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; TEST SITES; TUNNELS; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

A researcher examines the drive fan inside the Icing Research Tunnel at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio. The facility was built in the mid-1940s to simulate the atmospheric conditions that caused ice to build up on aircraft. Carrier Corporation refrigeration equipment reduced the internal air temperature to -45 F, and a spray bar system injected water droplets into the air stream. The 24-foot diameter drive fan, seen in this photograph, created air flow velocities up to 400 miles per hour. The 1950s were prime years for the Icing Research Tunnel. NACA engineers had spent the 1940s trying to resolve the complexities of the spray bar system. The final system put into operation in 1950 included six horizontal spray bars with 80 nozzles that produced a 4- by 4-foot cloud in the test section. The icing tunnel was used for extensive testing of civilian and military aircraft components in the 1950s. The NACA also

Antares (depicted - name).Antares (depicted - name)

Project 19 - Operation Sandstone (Enewatak) Test Activities. Filter papers in Lead Box. Photographs of Atmospheric Nuclear Testing at Pacific Island and Nevada Test Sites.

Donald Rhodes, left, and Clyde Greer, right, monitor the operation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administrations

Vintage Photograph. FBI Examiner compares photo of a heel print with the heel of suspect's shoe.

B732008 U7AD SL-1 #9 JOHN BROUILLARD (Project Engineer) JAN 15 73 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 1/15/1973 CABLES; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; PHOTOGRAPHY, BLACK & WHITE; PIPES; PIPING; TEST SITES; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; SL-1# 9 historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

A travel photograph by Johann Victor Krämer around 1900 capturing cityscapes, rural views, architecture, and local activity using period photographic methods.

S69-26698 (March 1969) --- A photograph from a live television transmission from Apollo 9. This view shows the interior of the Lunar Module Spider. Astronaut James A. McDivitt, Apollo 9 commander, is in right foreground. In left background is astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot. At this moment Apollo 9 was orbiting Earth with the Command Module docked nose-to-nose with the Lunar Module. Astronaut David R. Scott, command module pilot, remained at the controls in the Command Module Gumdrop while the other two astronauts checked out the Lunar Module.

Photograph by Albert Londe showing a lever mechanism with 160 pounds applied, printed on silver gelatin paper around 1890, depicting mechanical apparatus and setup.

Vintage Photograph. Student working as a paper chemist at Tileston and Hollingsworth in Hyde Park Massachusetts.

First French Cobalt Bomb at Neuilly. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

CPT Walter West, an Air Force test director, right, and Terry Reggie Riddle, a test engineer, examine an 8.25 percent scale model of the e MX mobile missile in the 16-foot transonic wind tunnel, during tests at the Arnold Engineering and Development Center. Base: Arnold Air Force Base State: Tennessee (TN) Country: United States Of America (USA)

Astrophysics Institute, Bill Curtis, Fulbright Student. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

Anefo photo collection. Discus 500 Christ discus exhibition play Allovid Pression Museum Amsterdam /. 2 June 1988. Amsterdam, Noord-Holland

Scientist looking through microscope with U-235 (Uranium Isotope) being projected on wall

Pilot helmets, X-ray

A test subject pulls a release cord during a simulated free fall exercise in a vertical wind tunnel. Base: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base State: Ohio (OH) Country: United States Of America (USA)

Saint-Yrieix, France The laboratory analysis room, Ciminor Society , 1929 - French provinces - Stéphane Passet - (March 26 -May 18) (French - Saint-Yrieix , France La salle d' analyses du laboratoire , société Ciminor). Physics , chemistry, factory , workshop, mining resources, interior view, exists in high definition, portrait, man, Sciences , Techniques, Habitat , Architecture, Nature , Environment, HD, Human Starries, France, St Yrieix, Ciminor laboratories - Analysis room

B732057 U12E H.F.R. ASSEMBLY ART ARTHUR(Project Engineer) MAR 1 73 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 3/1/1973 EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; HFR; HFR RECOVERY; HIGH FLUENCE; HIGH FLUENCE RECOVERY; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; PHOTOGRAPHY, BLACK & WHITE; TEST SITES; TUNNELS; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; WEAPONS & ARMAMENTS; H.F.R. ASSEMBLY historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

S61-04621 (1961) --- Astronaut M. Scott Carpenter looks into a Celestial Training Device (globe) during training in the Aeromedical Laboratory at Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Director, Dr. von Braun, submerges after spending some time under water in the MSFC Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS). Weighted to a neutrally buoyant condition, Dr. von Braun was able to perform tasks underwater which simulated weightless conditions found in space.

S65-57481 (25 Oct. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spaceflight, undergoes weight and balance tests in the Pyrotechnic Installation Building, Merritt Island, Kennedy Space Center. Talking with Lovell are (left to right) Charlie Beaty, McDonnell Aircraft Corporation; Karl Stoien, MAC; NASA suit technician Al Rochferd; and Norm Batterson, Weber Aircraft Corporation.

89Q.A. - Atomic Test At Woomera Rocket Range. October 20, 1953.

Sending pictures through the air. Baird's system of 'television' transmits its wireless pictures. John Logie Baird transmitted a moving image by wireless, showing gradations of light and shade, with some colour, red and blue. The picture was sent from a 9 mile distance from London to Harrow. 1926

Maneuver room.The roof forgiv.Del .. Kockums AB (depicted name), shark (depicted name)

A researcher at the NASA Lewis Research Center with slide ruler poses with models of the earth and a nuclear-propelled rocket. The Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Applications (NERVA) was a joint NASA and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) endeavor to develop a nuclear-powered rocket for both long-range missions to Mars and as a possible upper-stage for the Apollo Program. The early portion of the program consisted of basic reactor and fuel system research. This was followed by a series of Kiwi reactors built to test nuclear rocket principles in a non-flying nuclear engine. The next phase, NERVA, would create an entire flyable engine. The AEC was responsible for designing the nuclear reactor and overall engine. NASA Lewis was responsible for developing the liquid-hydrogen fuel system. The nuclear rocket model in this photograph includes a reactor at the far right with a hydrogen propellant tank and large radiator below. The payload or crew would be at the far left, distanced from the rea

Chemicals used at Alfred Nobel's laboratories.

The photograph shows a medical study of myopathy, captured by Albert Londe around 1890. The print is on silver gelatin paper.

Test subject wearing the pressurized "space" suit for the Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator located at the Lunar Landing Facility. The purpose of this simulator was to study the subject while walking, jumping or running. Researchers conducted studies of various factors such as fatigue limit, energy expenditure, and speed of locomotion. A.W. Vigil described the purpose of the simulator in his paper "Discussion of Existing and Planned Simulators for Space Research," "When the astronauts land on the moon they will be in an unfamiliar environment involving, particularly, a gravitational field only one-sixth as strong as on earth. A novel method of simulating lunar gravity has been developed and is supported by a puppet-type suspension system at the end of a long pendulum. A floor is provided at the proper angle so that one-sixth of the subject's weight is supported by the floor with the remainder being supported by the suspension system. This simulator allows almost complete freedom in ver

NACA Ames Research Center 7x10_foot Wind Tunnel test of the Douglas XSB2D-1 model

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