Illuminated Manuscripts of Mughal India

Text pages from a historical manuscript featuring intricate ink and gold script, crafted for royalty, reflecting artistic styles of 17th-century Mughal India.

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 79, 1580, Qazvin

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.4 cm (7 7/8 x 5 11/16 in.); text field: 16.6 x 9.9 cm (6 9/16 x 3 7/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page with Panel with Two Columns of Persian Writing, 18th century. India, Mughal Dynasty (1526-1756). Ink on paper; overall: 24 x 16 cm (9 7/16 x 6 5/16 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz. Author: Hafiz (probably 1325/6-90); Written by Sa'di (1213/19-92). Calligrapher: Sultan `Ali Mashhadi (ca.1440-1520). Dimensions: 11 7/8 x 7 1/2in. (30.2 x 19cm). Date: late 15th century.This folio, copied by Sultan 'Ali Mashhadi--a renowned master of nasta'liq script--once formed part of an anthology of Persian poetry including selections from the works of Sa'di and Hafiz. It was common practice for valuable manuscripts to be remounted within new margins whether for aesthetic or preservation reasons. The folios of this highly treasured fifteenth-century manuscript were remounted in the sixteenth century within colored margin papers beautifully painted with diverse scenes in silver and gold. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 49v, 1580, Qazvin

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 68v, 1580, Qazvin

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 105, 1580, Qazvin

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Coriander (kuzbura). Misspelled - kuzyura, f. 204. 1540 - 1545. Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muammad, approximately 1203-1283. text. Illuminations, Manuscripts, Miniatures (Illuminations). Spencer Collection. Mountains, Birds, Animals, Manuscripts, Persian

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Wormwood (afsintîn), f. 182. 1540 - 1545. Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muammad, approximately 1203-1283. text. Illuminations, Manuscripts, Miniatures (Illuminations). Spencer Collection. Mountains, Birds, Animals, Manuscripts, Persian

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.3 cm (7 7/8 x 5 5/8 in.); text field: 16.4 x 10.6 cm (6 7/16 x 4 3/16 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

The opening of an essay on phlebotomy, or bloodletting, by Ibn al-Tilmdh, who worked in Baghdad and died in either 1154/549 or 1165/560. In the copy it is stated that the treatise is by al-Shaykh al-Ras, which is a common designation of Ibn Sn (Avicenna). A comparison with other copies, however, demonstrates that it is the essay by Ibn al-Tilmdh. The copy is undated, probably late 18th century

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper;

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.4 cm (7 7/8 x 5 11/16 in.); text field: 16.5 x 10.6 cm (6 1/2 x 4 3/16 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Folios from an Illustrated Manuscript of the Shahnama by Firdawsi Folios from an Illustrated Manuscript of the Shahnama by Firdawsi, late 17th century. Ink, opaque watercolor on paper, Text: 10 5/8 x 5 7/8 in. (27 x 15 cm). Arts of the Islamic World late 17th century

Tarantula (rutaylâ'), f. 316. 1540 - 1545. Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muammad, approximately 1203-1283. text. Illuminations, Manuscripts, Miniatures (Illuminations). Spencer Collection. Mountains, Birds, Animals, Manuscripts, Persian

Caper tree (lasaf), f. 206. 1540 - 1545. Qazwīnī, Zakarīyā ibn Muammad, approximately 1203-1283. text. Illuminations, Manuscripts, Miniatures (Illuminations). Spencer Collection. Mountains, Birds, Animals, Manuscripts, Persian

Text Page, Persian Verses (recto) from the Shahnama of Firdawsi, c. 1350. Iran, Shiraz, Inju Period, 14th Century. Ink and opaque watercolor on paper; overall: 29 x 20.7 cm (11 7/16 x 8 1/8 in.); text area: 22.5 x 15.3 cm (8 7/8 x 6 in.).

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.3 cm (7 7/8 x 5 5/8 in.); text field: 16.4 x 10.6 cm (6 7/16 x 4 3/16 in.).

Tasrîh-i Mansûrî, fol. 38, 1675, (Questionable), Persia, Manuscripts, Persian, Anatomy, Early works to 1800

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 121v, 1580, Qazvin

Page From a Manuscript of Yusuf and Zulaykha by Jami

Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz late 15th century Sa'di This folio, copied by Sultan 'Ali Mashhadia renowned master of nasta'liq scriptonce formed part of an anthology of Persian poetry including selections from the works of Sa'di and Hafiz. It was common practice for valuable manuscripts to be remounted within new margins whether for aesthetic or preservation reasons. The folios of this highly treasured fifteenth‑century manuscript were remounted in the sixteenth century within colored margin papers beautifully painted with diverse scenes in silver and gold.. Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz 446172

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 10v. 1577. text. Manuscripts. Spencer Collection

Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz late 15th century Sa'di This folio, copied by Sultan 'Ali Mashhadia renowned master of nasta'liq scriptonce formed part of an anthology of Persian poetry including selections from the works of Sa'di and Hafiz. It was common practice for valuable manuscripts to be remounted within new margins whether for aesthetic or preservation reasons. The folios of this highly treasured fifteenth‑century manuscript were remounted in the sixteenth century within colored margin papers beautifully painted with diverse scenes in silver and gold.. Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz 446178

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.2 cm (7 7/8 x 5 9/16 in.); text field: 16.7 x 10.6 cm (6 9/16 x 4 3/16 in.).

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 3. 1577. text. Manuscripts. Spencer Collection

Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mirat al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569-1627). Ink and gold on paper; average: 26.1 x 15.6 cm (10 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.).

Page of Calligraphy from an Anthology of Poetry by Sa`di and Hafiz. Author: Sa'di (1213/19-92); Hafiz (probably 1325/6-90). Calligrapher: Sultan `Ali Mashhadi (ca.1440-1520). Dimensions: 11 7/8 x 7 1/2in. (30.2 x 19cm). Date: late 15th century.This folio, copied by Sultan 'Ali Mashhadi--a renowned master of nasta'liq script--once formed part of an anthology of Persian poetry including selections from the works of Sa'di and Hafiz. It was common practice for valuable manuscripts to be remounted within new margins whether for aesthetic or preservation reasons. The folios of this highly treasured fifteenth-century manuscript were remounted in the sixteenth century within colored margin papers beautifully painted with diverse scenes in silver and gold. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Page from the Poem of Beauty and Love, 1848. India, Kashmir, Mughal, 19th century. Painting on paper; page: 30.5 x 17 cm (12 x 6 11/16 in.).

Folio from a Qur'an Folio from a Qur'an, 14th century. Ink on paper, 13 1/5 in. x 5 1/5 in. Arts of the Islamic World 14th century

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14 cm (7 7/8 x 5 1/2 in.); text field: 16.6 x 10.5 cm (6 9/16 x 4 1/8 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Materia medica. Arabic, fol. 283v, Mîrzâ Bâqir (fl. 19th c.), 1889 - 1890, Tehran or Mashhad

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.4 cm (7 7/8 x 5 11/16 in.); text field: 15.9 x 10.2 cm (6 1/4 x 4 in.).

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 14.5 cm (7 7/8 x 5 11/16 in.); text field: 16.1 x 10.1 cm (6 5/16 x 4 in.).

Qisas al-Anbiyâ, fol. 71v, 1580, Qazvin

Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556-1605). Ink and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.).

Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript 14th century This Quran which probably belongs to fourteenth century Iran is written in muhaqqaq script. Each folio has seven lines with interlinear Persian translation in naskhi script. The verses 75-81of this folio belong to the tenth section of Surah al-Araf (chapter 7), which gives the account of Prophet Salih and Lot. The marginal medallion on the verso is employed for ornamental purpose.. Folio from a Qur'an Manuscript 458438

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