Indigenous and Enslaved Subjects

Artworks representing Indigenous peoples and enslaved individuals, highlighting cultural attire, context, and social themes.

Serebis Dyak - North West Coast of Borneo, 1848

Enslaved woman and child, Kingdom of Whydah, Slave Coast, Africa (now Benin). Woman in striped headdress, fringed cloak, earrings, necklace and bracelets. Esclave de Juida. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by J. Laroque after a design by Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur from his Encyclopedie des voyages, Encyclopedia of Voyages, Bordeaux, France, 1792.

Om-pah-tón-ga, Big Elk, a Famous Warrior. oil on canvas. Date: 1832. Museum: Smithsonian American Art Museum.

William Kerby, Wooden Indian, c 1937 Wooden Indian

Labeleoa, Chief of the Utrik Atoll (Kotousoff Islands), Marshall Islands. Handcoloured stipple engraving from Frederic Shoberl's The World in Miniature, The South Sea Islands, Ackermann, 1824. After an illustration by Louis Choris in Otto von Kotzebue's Picturesque voyage around the world, 1822.

Two Arapaho Warriors and a Woman. Dated: 1861/1869. Dimensions: overall: 47 x 62.3 cm (18 1/2 x 24 1/2 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Cigar Store Indian. Dated: c. 1941. Dimensions: overall: 48.5 x 29.3 cm (19 1/8 x 11 9/16 in.). Medium: watercolor, graphite, and colored pencil on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Clarence W. Dawson.

Noru Gal Derri, Aborigine warrior with spear and shield, Australia. From an illustration by Nicolas Martin Petit. Lithograph by Karl Joseph Brodtmann from Heinrich Rudolf Schinz's Illustrated Natural History of Men and Animals, 1836.

Serebis Dyak - North West Coast of Borneo, 1848

The two roosters, 1888 print Leaf with a large representation from the fable of Jean de la Fontaine, of the two roosters. At the top left a verse. Numbered in the top left: Série 6. - No. 20. Paris paper letterpress printing fables

Te-ah'-ke-ra-lée-re-coo, The Cheyenne, a Republican Pawnee. oil on canvas. Date: 1832. Museum: Smithsonian American Art Museum.

"Paint Me" - Apachee. Dated: 1855/1869. Dimensions: overall: 46.6 x 62.2 cm (18 3/8 x 24 1/2 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Wa-Em-Boesh-Kaa, a Chippeway Chief James Otto Lewis (American, 1799 - 1858). , issued January 1836. Lithograph with watercolor on paper, Sheet: 14 1/16 x 10 7/16 in. (35.7 x 26.5 cm). American Art issued January 1836

Karol Młodnicki (1835-1900), bride / fiancée; Lviv Publisher of Artistic Cards Leon Propst (Lviv; Publisher; 1904-1919), Anczyc, Władysław Ludwik and company (Kraków; Drukarnia; 1875-1948); around 1910 (1905-00-00-1915-00-00);

GRABADO-TIPOS DE NUEVA ZELANDA. Location: PRIVATE COLLECTION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Four Kiowa Indians. Dated: 1861/1869. Dimensions: overall: 46.9 x 63.3 cm (18 7/16 x 24 15/16 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Blackfoot Chief, from George Catlin, Illustrations of the Manners, Customs and Condition of the North American Indians, 1876

Costumes de Différents Pays, 'Gentilhomme de la Côte d'Or'. L. F. Labrousse (France, Bordeaux, active late 18th century)Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur (France, 1757-1810). France, circa 1797. Prints; engravings. Hand-tinted engraving on paper

Tah-Col-O-Quoit (Rising Cloud), a Sauk warrior, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left. ca 1842.

Tradesman's Sign. Dated: c. 1941. Dimensions: overall: 54.2 x 38.7 cm (21 5/16 x 15 1/4 in.). Medium: watercolor, graphite, and colored pencil on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Laura Bilodeau.

Ponto Warrior, Africa, from the Savage and Semi-Barbarous Chiefs and Rulers series (N189) issued by Wm. S. Kimball & Co. 1888 Issued by William S. Kimball & Company Trade cards from the "Savage and Semi-Barbarous Chiefs and Rulers" series (N189), issued in an unnumbered set of 50 cards in 1888 by Wm. S. Kimball & Co.. Ponto Warrior, Africa, from the Savage and Semi-Barbarous Chiefs and Rulers series (N189) issued by Wm. S. Kimball & Co.. 1888. Commercial color lithograph. Issued by William S. Kimball & Company

A Coromantyn Free Negro, or Ranger, armed. Dated: 1793. Medium: engraving. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: William Blake after John Gabriel Stedman.

Nias Chieftain, from Viaggio a Nias, Modigliani, 1900, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Asia

Two Chippewyan Warriors and a Woman. Dated: 1855/1869. Dimensions: overall: 47 x 62.4 cm (18 1/2 x 24 9/16 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Visscher, Cornelis (II), Northern Netherlands, Jan de, Archer, A young African with a bow and arrow in front of a rock. In the background a landscape., print, prent, prints, prenten, height 284 mm, width 272 mm, 1633 - 1692, print maker, printmaker, 1643 - 1692, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), etching, Work conception, 1629 - 1658-01-16

Queen of the Caroline Islands Reine des Carolines, vue a Tinian Landscapes and people seen on a world tour Promenade autour du monde , print maker: Jacques Etienne Victor Arago, (mentioned on object), printer: Pierre Langlumé, (mentioned on object), Paris, 1822, paper, h 358 mm × w 273 mm

Farmer with Sprokkelhout, 1696 Probably drawn to a print. Leaf 86 Recto from a sketchbook with 91 sheets. paper. pencil. watercolor (paint) brush trees (+ branch, stick)

Ah'-sho-cole, Rotten Foot, a Noted Warrior. oil on canvas. Date: 1834. Museum: Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Mentiezin. Artist: Andries Beeckman. Draughtsman: anonymous. Dating: c. 1675 - c. 1725. Place: Netherlands. Measurements: h 320 mm × w 200 mm. Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Woman in beach attire. Grévin, Alfred (1827-1892), draughtsman, cartoonist

c.1835 Hawaii, Painting of Boki and Liliha

Plate 85. Tanoa, Abouni-Valou, Roi de Pao. by Émile Lassalle (1813-1871) a French painter and lithographer. Dated 19th Century

Sagittarius, 1643 - 1692 print A young African with an arrow and arch for a rock. A landscape in the background. Northern Netherlands paper engraving / etching archer's weapons: bow and arrow. Africans. landscapes

Pah-shee-náu-shaw, a Warrior. oil on canvas. Date: 1831. Museum: Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Portraits of Inca kings and an Inca queen, oil on vellum, not before 1825, Incomplete series of full-length portraits of Inca rulers by an unidentified maker, probably an indiginous Peruvian or Bolivian artist, includes portraits of eleven kings and one queen. Each Inca king is shown standing on a grassy mound, wearing a long mantle, a short tunic, sandals, and a coiled turban headdress.

Hón-je-a-pút-o, Wife of Bear-catcher. oil on canvas. Date: 1832. Museum: Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Four Zurumati Children. Dated: 1854/1869. Dimensions: overall: 46.3 x 62.2 cm (18 1/4 x 24 1/2 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Cigar Store Indian. Dated: 1935/1942. Dimensions: overall: 56.5 x 35.8 cm (22 1/4 x 14 1/8 in.). Medium: watercolor, graphite, and pen and ink on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Maurice Van Felix and Elizabeth Fairchild.

American 19th Century, Indian Tobacco Shop Sign recto, Indian facing left, second half 19th century, oil on wood

Cochimtee Chief, His Wife, and a Warrior. Dated: 1855/1869. Dimensions: overall: 45.8 x 61.3 cm (18 1/16 x 24 1/8 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Maori man of New Zealand with beard. In feather cloak Kakahu and woven skirt, armed with spear and patou-patou ax, feather headdress on the ground. A house in the background. Sauvage de la Nouvelle Zeelande. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by J. Laroque after a design by Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur from his Encyclopedie des voyages, Encyclopedia of Voyages, Bordeaux, France, 1792.

Choukee-dar or watchman, in loincloth and turban, carrying a sword and shield. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by an unknown artist from "Asiatic Costumes," Ackermann, London, 1828.

Native woman of Erikub Atoll, Ratak chain, Marshall Islands, with rolled pandanus-leaf earrings, necklace and tattoos. Woman of the Tchichagoff Islands. Handcoloured stipple engraving from Frederic Shoberl's The World in Miniature, The South Sea Islands, Ackermann, 1824. After an illustration by Louis Choris in Otto von Kotzebue's Picturesque voyage around the world, 1822.

ABYSSINIAN. Egypt, engraving 1879

Die Eroberung von Mexico: Illustration, 1919. Max Slevogt (German, 1868-1932). Lithograph;

Allegorical portrait of the Admiraals Michiel de Ruyter and Willem Joseph Baron van Ghent, ca. 1667. Allegorical portrait of the Admiraals Michiel de Ruyter and Willem Joseph Baron van Ghent, ca. 1667. In the foreground The sitting Personification of peace, in the Hands the Mercury Staff and an olive branch.

GRABADO - INDIOS LLEVANDOSE A MUJERES DESPUES DE UN ATAQUE - 1780.

Hab.t de Loango from Playing Cards (for Quartets) 'Costumes des Peuples Étrangers'. Artist: Anonymous, French, 18th century. Dimensions: 3 3/16 × 2 1/16 in. (8.1 × 5.3 cm). Date: 1700-1799. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

MANUELA PEREA "LA NENA". Author: OUDRID Y SEGURA CRISTOBAL.

Africa. Zulu chief. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithograph. "La conquista de Africa" (The conquest of Africa), by Alfredo Opisso. Volume III. Published in Barcelona (Spain) by Molinas y Maza editores, 1911. Author: Joan Serra Pausas (active 1861-1902). Spanish artist.

Costumes de Différents Pays, 'Frontispice de l'Amérique'. L. F. Labrousse (France, Bordeaux, active late 18th century)Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur (France, 1757-1810). France, circa 1797. Prints; engravings. Hand-tinted engraving on paper

Netherlands, Weissenbruch, Isaac, Six male heads of different human races, print, prints, height 171 mm, width 127 mm, Dutch, 1826-08-27 - 1912-11-13, print maker, printmaker, 1836 - 1912, paper, papier, houtgravure

Qua-Ta-Wa-Pla. A Shawanoe Chief ca. 1837-1844, Indianer, Historische Indianerstämme aus Nordamerika, Charles Bird King 1785 - 1862, Historisch, digital restaurierte Reproduktion von einer Vorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Record date not stated

Omaha Chief, His Wife, and a Warrior, 1861, oil on card mounted on paperboard, overall: 45.1 x 60 cm (17 3/4 x 23 5/8 in.), George Catlin (artist) American, 1796 - 1872

Comanche chief, the great Comanche village, 1841.Artist: Myers and Co

Roman Empire. Gladiators. From left to right: 16- gladiator with helmet and shield, 17- gladiator carrying helmet, shield and dagger, 18- gladiator. Chromolithography. "Historia Universal", by Cesar Canto. Volume II, 1881.

Homage to Gustav Theodor Fritsch. Watercolour by J. Unte, 1906.

A woman of Van Diemen's Land. Engraving by J. Caldwall after J. Webber, 1780/1785.

Mandan Civil Chief, His Wife, and Child. Dated: 1861/1869. Dimensions: overall: 46.8 x 64.1 cm (18 7/16 x 25 1/4 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Three Micmac Indians. Dated: 1861/1869. Dimensions: overall: 45.8 x 61.6 cm (18 1/16 x 24 1/4 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

The Primitive Sculptor, Eanger Irving Couse (1866-1936 American)

Native of Mozambique with earrings and face painting, 19th century. Handcoloured lithograph by J. Bull from James Cowles Prichard's Natural History of Man, Balliere, London, 1855.

Nine Ojibbeway Indians in London. Dated: 1861/1869. Dimensions: overall: 46.6 x 62.4 cm (18 3/8 x 24 9/16 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Native American Indian, or A Twenty-Three-Year-Old VirginianAlgonquian. Artist: Wenceslaus Hollar, Bohemian, 1607-1677

Hab.t d'Ardra from Playing Cards (for Quartets) 'Costumes des Peuples Étrangers'. Artist: Anonymous, French, 18th century. Dimensions: 3 3/16 × 2 1/16 in. (8.1 × 5.3 cm). Date: 1700-1799. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

French Poster of Athlete holding flag.

Three Women Sitting; Tres Mujeres Sentadas. Francisco Zuniga (1913-1998). Charcoal and pastel on paper. Drawn in 1981. 70 x 99.1cm.

Chief and wife of the Osage nation. Chief Clermont, in leggings fringed with scalp-locks, holding a war club 150, and his squaw and child in cloth of western manufacture 151. Handcoloured lithograph from George Catlin's Manners, Customs and Condition of the North American Indians, London, 1841.

The Peace Pipe. Artist: Eanger Irving Couse (1866-1936). Dimensions: 26 x 32in. (66 x 81.3cm)Framed: 33 3/8 x 39 3/8 x 3 3/4in. (84.8 x 100 x 9.5cm). Date: 1901.Couse may have first developed an interest in Native Americans and their customs while growing up in Saginaw, Michigan. While he was a student at the Académie Julian in Paris, he learned of Taos, New Mexico. Wishing to draw inspiration from that isolated town and its Native-American inhabitants, Couse established a summer studio in Taos in 1902, shortly after his return to the United States. He also studied and painted the Indians of the Northwest coast along the Columbia River. "The Peace Pipe," which depicts three men around a small campfire in the woods, displays Couse's academic training in its attention to nearly-nude figures as well as his interest in the effects of firelight. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Anonymous, Sbargulap (registered title (letter)), 1895. Color lithography. Carnavalet museum, history of Paris.

Maori woman and child of New Zealand. With feather headdress, striped cloak with fringe, woven grass skirt with feather fringe. Sauvagesse de la Nouvelle Zeelande. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by J. Laroque after a design by Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur from his Encyclopedie des voyages, Encyclopedia of Voyages, Bordeaux, France, 1792.

Cigar Store Indian. Dated: 1935/1942. Dimensions: overall: 54.3 x 38.4 cm (21 3/8 x 15 1/8 in.). Medium: watercolor, colored pencil, and graphite on paper. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Alton K. Skillin.

George File, Bootjack, c 1937 Bootjack

Arab dancer, by Giuseppe Biasi (1885-1945), from L'Illustrazione Italiana, 1940.

Chief of a nomadic Moorish tribe, Senegambia, 18th century. The Assounas enslaved people from south of the Senegal River. The horse is tethered by ropes to four stakes in the ground. A Chief of the Assounas. After Rene Claude Geoffroy de Villeneuves LAfrique, Paris, 1814. Handcoloured stipple copperplate engraving from Frederic Shoberls The World in Miniature: Africa, A description of the manners and customs Moors of the Sahara and of the Negro Nations, R. Ackermann, England, 1821.

Man busy processing the marrow of the sagopalm to flour, Ernest Alfred Hardouin, c. 1837 - c. 1854 drawing Man busy processing the marrow of the sagopalm to flour, with water in a hollowed -out sagopalm stem. paper. pencil. watercolor (paint) brush

Africa. Sudanese of the Blue Nile. Illustration by Serra Pausas. Chromolithograph. "La conquista de Africa" (The conquest of Africa), by Alfredo Opisso. Volume III. Published in Barcelona (Spain) by Molinas y Maza editores, 1911. Author: Joan Serra Pausas (active 1861-1902). Spanish artist.

Senegal Top, Paul Shepherd, vintage engraved illustration. Le Tour du Monde, Travel Journal, (1872).

Henry Brokman (1868-1933). "Louxor, seated Arabic, three-quarters of back". Oil on canvas, 1891. Museum of Fine Arts of the City of Paris, Petit Palais. Arabic, seated, baton, traditional costume, back, scarf, Egyptian, man, medieval, Near East, traditional outfit, 19th XIX 19th 19th 19th 19th century, oil on canvas

Yntah Medicine Man, a Warrior, and a Woman. Dated: 1855/1869. Dimensions: overall: 46.3 x 62.6 cm (18 1/4 x 24 5/8 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Cameron's reception by Katende, Central Africa. Old 19th century engraved illustration from Journey from Zanzibar to Benguela by Verney Lovett Cameron, Le Tour du Monde 1877

Brazilian slave trade. Engraving. Iconographic Encyclopaedia of science, Literature and Art. 19th century. Later colouration. Author: HENRY WINKLES. Johan George Heck.

Chief Joseph. oil on canvas. Date: June 1878. Museum: NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY.

Pinturas de Xavier Nogues, despacho de la alcaldia. Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.

Sioux Encampment, Porcupine 1910 John Hauser (1858-1913 American) Oil on canvas board

'He emerged in his own country', 1914. In Dakota legend, after years of adventure, an Indian brave is given a white horse and a magic piece of iron before he returns home. From "The Myths of the North American Indians", by Lewis Spence F.R.A.I. George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd, London, Calcutta, Sydney, 1914

Athapasca Chief, His Wife, and a Warrior. Dated: 1855/1869. Dimensions: overall: 45.5 x 62 cm (17 15/16 x 24 7/16 in.). Medium: oil on card mounted on paperboard. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: George Catlin.

Saint Bartholomew (Saint Barthélémy) James Tissot (French, 1836-1902). Saint Bartholomew (Saint Barthélémy), 1886-1894. Opaque watercolor over graphite on gray wove paper, Image: 11 x 6 7/16 in. (27.9 x 16.4 cm). European Art 1886-1894

Natives of Guinea climbing trees using slings. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Antonio Sasso from Giulio Ferrario's Ancient and Modern Costumes of all the Peoples of the World, Florence, Italy, 1843.

Andres de Islas (painter active during the second half of the 18th century). Castas, No. 14. De albarazado e india, nace barcino (From Albarazado and Indian, a Barcino is Born), 1774. Oil on canvas (75 x 54 cm). Viceroyalty of New Spain. Mexico. Museum of the Americas. Madrid, Spain.

King Balthasar, one of the Three Magi, and a Servant, fragment from An Adoration of the Magi, Anonymous, c. 1480 - c. 1490

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