International Military Collaborations

Joint training exercises and discussions among international military forces, focusing on interoperability and enhancing collaborative defense efforts.

U.S. Marine Corps Lance Cpl. Dennis Sherpa, a rifleman with 1st Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment, 2d Marine Division, and Infanteria de Marina with Tactical Group Wolf put on a flak during Spanish FLOTEX-22 aboard the Juan Carlos I near Rota, Spain, June 14, 2022. This exercise features tactical level actions ashore, combined with joint training and planning, aimed at increasing overall bilateral interoperability between nations.

U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Gen. David Bellon, commander of U.S. Marine Corps Forces, South and U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve, and Infantería de Marina Colombiana (Colombian Marine Corps) Brigadier (Brigadier General) Jorge Frederico Torres Morra, commander of the Marine Infantry Training Base, stand at attention in front of a formation of Colombian Marines at Colombian Naval Base Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia, Jan. 23, 2023. Bellon, his staff, and leaders of 4th Assault Amphibian Battalion traveled to Colombia to meet with leadership of the Infantería de Marina Colombiana (Colombian Marine Corps) to continue to strengthen the partnership between the two Navies and Marine Corps.

U.S. Marine Corps Lance Cpl. Dennis Sherpa, a rifleman with 1st Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment, 2d Marine Division, and Infanteria de Marina with Tactical Group Wolf put on a flak during Spanish FLOTEX-22 aboard the Juan Carlos I near Rota, Spain, June 14, 2022. This exercise features tactical level actions ashore, combined with joint training and planning, aimed at increasing overall bilateral interoperability between nations.

A U.S. Marine Corps recruit with Hotel Company, 2nd Recruit Training Battalion, labels his rifle at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, Dec. 12, 2022. Recruits were issued rifles and briefed on their responsibilities regarding rifle security, safety and handling.

Indonesian Marine Corps Capt. Robert Marpaung, Senior Staff Officer of Operational Strategy and Diplomacy, Operational Staff of Naval Headquarters, interacts with Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Soldiers during a capabilities demonstration, as part of the Pacific Amphibious Leaders Symposium, Camp Kisarazu, Japan, June 16, 2022. This iteration of PALS brought senior leaders of allied and partnered militaries together to discuss amphibious force readiness, expeditionary advanced base operations, intermediate force capabilities, and ways to improve interoperability between partners within the Indo-Pacific region. A total of 18 participating delegations from Asia, Australia, Europe, South America, and North America participated in the symposium.

U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Michael Higgins explains cyber defense aspects to Lt. Col. Erwin. M and Col. Tri Bowo from the Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI, Indonesian Armed Forces), during exercise Gema Bhakti 2022, Sep. 14. 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia. Gema Bhakti 22 is a U.S. Indo-Pacific Command joint exercise program event, utilizing U.S. joint forces and TNI Armed Forces working together to increase interoperability and enhance regional stability and security through bilateral and multilateral partnerships.

CHANGI NAVAL BASE, Singapore (Dec. 13, 2016) Vice Chief of Naval Operations Adm. William Moran and Fleet Master Chief April Beldo, Manpower, Personnel, Training and Education (MPT&E) answer questions during an all-hands call aboard littoral combat ship USS Coronado (LCS 4). Currently on a rotational deployment in support of the Asia-Pacific Rebalance, Coronado is a fast and agile warship tailor-made to patrol the region's littorals and work hull-to-hull with partner navies, providing 7th Fleet with the flexible capabilities it needs now and in the future.

Joint force service members participate with the planning process during the Information Warfighter Exercise (IWX) at Camp Upshur on Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, Sept. 13, 2022. The IWX is a training event that focuses on implementing all Information Related Capability requirements with the joint force, government agencies, and partnering nations that provides accurate subject matter expertise to all Marine Corps operations.

220954-N-JO823-1054 BUSAN, Republic of Korea (Sept. 25, 2022) Chief Aviation Boatswains Mate (Handling) Terry Keyes, from Bay Springs, Mississippi, explains the purpose of the ‘Ouija board to the Republic of Korea (ROK) Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Sun Hee Ko and ROK Navy senior enlisted leaders during a ship tour aboard the U.S. Navys only forward-deployed aircraft carrier, USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), in Busan, ROK, Sept. 25. Ronald Reagan, the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 5, provides a combat-ready force that protects and defends the United States, and supports alliances, partnerships and collective maritime interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

ANDAMAN SEA (Nov. 18, 2012) Capt. Daniel Dusek, commanding officer of the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6), gives a tour to Myanmar naval officers during a ship visit aboard Bonhomme Richard. Bonhomme Richard is on patrol in the western Pacific region.

Crispin Pacificar, 36th Civil Engineer Squadron assistant fire chief, briefs Japan Air Self-Defense Force firefighters on emergency response procedures as part of a trilateral firefighter training during Cope North 24 on Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, Feb. 15, 2024. During the training the USAF firefighters discussed hazards, aircraft entry, engine shut-down procedures and emergency rescue procedures on a B-52 Stratofortress, all of which are vital to secure agile combat employment operations. Air Force

120124-N-CT127-251MEDITERRANEAN SEA (Jan. 24, 2012) Sailors and Marines from the San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock ship USS Mesa Verde (LPD 19) and the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU 22) provide medical care and assistance to Moroccan mariners whose vessel capsized three days earlier in the Mediterranean Sea. Mesa Verde is deployed as part of the Bataan Amphibious Ready Group, supporting maritime security operations and theater security cooperation efforts in the U.S. 6th Fleet area of responsibility.

U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Reinier Carlos, center, a fire support Marine with the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, discusses a call-for-fire scenario with Philippine Marines, assigned to 3rd Marine Brigade, during a bilateral call-for-fire exchange during KAMANDAG 6 on Marine Base Rodolfo Punsalang, Palawan, Philippines, Oct. 7, 2022. KAMANDAG is an annual bilateral training exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. Military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

APRA HARBOR, Guam (Sep. 29, 2022) - Capt. Andrew Ring, commanding officer of the submarine tender USS Emory S. Land (AS 39), gives a tour to the Submarine Warfare Committee Meeting (SWCM), Sept. 29. SWCM is intended to bring together leaders of both the U.S. and the Republic of Korea submarine forces to discuss combined submarine training and force integration.

PACIFIC OCEAN (May 31, 2022) Chief Hospital Corpsman Miguel Alarcon, a native of Los Angeles, California, leads a demonstration for midshipmen on board amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2), May 31, 2022. Essex is underway conducting routine operations in U.S. 3rd Fleet.

PORT HUENEME, Calif. (Aug. 4, 2022) Chief Builder Joseph Lewisgosselin shows Ensign Shanice Proctor how to properly dismantle a M9 pistol during Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (NMCB) 18s Field Training Exercise (FTX). FTX is designed to analyze a battalions construction capability, expeditionary logistics, and combat operations to support major combat operations, disaster response, and humanitarian assistance.

U.S. Navy Corpsmen with 3d Medical Battalion, 3d Marine Logistics Group, view Japan Ground Self-Defense Force medical facilities during Keen Sword, on Amami, Japan, Nov. 8, 2022. Keen Sword exercises the combined capabilities and lethality developed between 3d Marine Division, III Marine Expeditionary Force, and the Japan Self-Defense Force. This bilateral field-training exercise between the U.S. military and JSDF strengthens interoperability and combat readiness of the U.S.-Japan Alliance.

VIRGINIA BEACH, Va. (Sep. 22, 2022)- Master Chief Aviation Boatswain's Mate Cherry Pizzarelle, left, and Chief Aviation Structural Mechanic Jescel Valderueda, members of the safety training team assigned to Commander, Naval Air Force Atlantic, discuss their findings while observing Sailors assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 105. The safety training team is a proactive response to ensure best practices are implemented in the fleet.

220708-N-NB544-1004 PEARL HARBOR (July 8, 2022) U.S. Navy Lt. Cmdr. Christopher Bajor, right, from Indianapolis, assigned to the 1st Naval Construction Regiment, prepares his team of partner-nation military leaders for a simulated disaster during a humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) planner's integration course at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, during Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2022, July 8. Twenty-six nations, 38 ships, four submarines, more than 170 aircraft and 25,000 personnel are participating in RIMPAC from June 29 to Aug. 4 in and around the Hawaiian Islands and Southern California. The world's largest international maritime exercise, RIMPAC provides a unique training opportunity while fostering and sustaining cooperative relationships among participants critical to ensuring the safety of sea lanes and security on the world's oceans. RIMPAC 2022 is the 28th exercise in the series that began in 1971.

220913-N-UB993-1190NORFOLK, Va. (Sept. 13, 2022) A Sailor takes notes during Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy James Honea's all-hands call at Naval Station Norfolk, Sept. 13, 2022. Honea conducted his first fleet visit to answer questions and discuss his priorities of warfighting competency, professional and character development, and quality of life.

U.S. Navy Cmdr. Daniel Hancock, left, commanding officer, USS Frank E. Petersen, Jr., U.S. Marine Corps Maj. Gen. Brian Cavanaugh, center, commanding general, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, and Lt. Beatriz Talerico, planning and tactics officer, USS Frank E. Petersen, Jr., tour the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Frank E. Petersen, Jr. (DDG 121), Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, June 16, 2022. The USS Frank E. Petersen, Jr. is named after retired U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Frank E. Petersen, Jr., who was the first Black U.S. Marine Corps aviator and the first Black Marine to become a three-star general.

U.S. Marines with 3d Marine Division meet with Japan Ground Self-Defense Force representatives from 15th Brigade to conduct a bilateral staff meeting at Camp Naha, Okinawa, Japan on June 8, 2022 in order to share information and discuss further exercise planning. The U.S. Marine Corps and the JGSDF are committed to strengthening military-to-military partnerships, regularly training together to enhance capabilities and ensure both are prepared to support the defense of Japan and the mutual goal of a stable, secure Indo-Pacific.

A Japan Ground Self-Defense Force member uses a tourniquet for triage training during Exercise Yama Sakura 83 at Camp Asaka, Japan, Dec. 7, 2022. As a part of U.S. Army Pacific Operation Pathways, Yama Sakura 83 is the largest and most complex forward U.S. Army and Japan Command Post exercise to date.

U.S. Marines with Battalion Landing Team 2/5, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, ready magazines to conduct shooting drills aboard Amphibious Assault Ship USS Tripoli (LHA-7), in the Philippine Sea, Sept. 16, 2022. Marines conducted the shooting drills to maintain their expertise in marksmanship. The 31st MEU is operating aboard ships of the Tripoli Amphibious Ready Group in the 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

U.S. Marines with Battalion Landing Team 2/5, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, ready magazines to conduct shooting drills aboard Amphibious Assault Ship USS Tripoli (LHA-7), in the Philippine Sea, Sept. 16, 2022. Marines conducted the shooting drills to maintain their expertise in marksmanship. The 31st MEU is operating aboard ships of the Tripoli Amphibious Ready Group in the 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

Armed Forces of the Philippines Surgeon General Col. Fatima Claire Navarro and members of the AFP Medical Corps receive a tour of the Balikatan 22 Role 2 medical treatment facilities, at Cagayan North International Airport, Philippines, April 5, 2022. Balikatan is an annual exercise between the AFP and U.S. military designed to strengthen bilateral interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades shared experiences. Balikatan, Tagalog for shoulder-to-shoulder,’ is a long-standing bilateral exercise between the Philippines and the United States highlighting the deep-rooted partnership between both countries. Balikatan 22 is the 37th iteration of the exercise and coincides with the 75th anniversary of the U.S.-Philippine security cooperation.

SULU SEA (Jan. 28, 2022) A U.S. Navy Sailor assigned to the Wasp-class amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2), demonstrates a navigation system to members of the Philippines Armed Forces aboard Essex, during a distinguished visitor event aboard USS Essex (LHD 2) in support of Marine Exercise Philippines (MAREX 22 PH), Jan. 28, 2022. MAREX 22 PH demonstrates U.S. commitment to the region and our long-standing treaty allies. We seek to build enduring, mutually beneficial relationships and invest in training to ensure a Free and Open Indo-Pacific. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Israel Chincio)

JAKARTA, Indonesia (July 22, 2022) U.S. Navy Cmdr. Brian Banazwski, assigned to the Emory S. Land-class submarine tender USS Frank Cable (AS 40), explains the ships repair capabilities to U.S. Navy Rear Adm. Rick Seif, commander, Submarine Group 7/Task Force 74, and Indonesian National Military-Naval Force sailors during a tour aboard the ship, July 22, 2022. Frank Cable is currently on patrol conducting expeditionary maintenance and logistics in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations in support of a free Indo-Pacific.

A Portugees Jumpmaster conducts a Jumpmaster Personel Inspection (JMPI) on a German paratrooper's parachute during Exrcise Falcon Leap on Eindhoven Air Base, Eindhoven, Netherlands., Sep. 13, 2022. More than 1000 Paratroopers from all over the world, 13 different nationalities, multiple airdrops per day, and training with each other equipment for two weeks. this is NATO's largest technical airborne exercise

U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Maj. Joseph Caputo, sergeant major, Marine Corps Base Hawaii, passes out trays during Chef of the Quarter, MCBH, Sept. 23, 2022. Chef of the Quarter competitions allow an opportunity for food service specialists to hone their craft, while fostering competition and esprit de corps.

U.S. Marines with 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit, and Philippine Marine Corps force reconnaissance Marines assigned to 3rd Marine Brigade assemble small boats for bilateral amphibious operations training during KAMANDAG 6 at Kamuning Beach, Palawan, Philippines, Oct. 9, 2022. KAMANDAG is an annual bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

Coalition service members with the Military Advisory Grop - North conduct a Command Post Exercise (CPX) the with the Peshmerga Army at the Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs, feb. 18, 2024. The CPX was conducted to evaluate the command and staff of the Peshmerga Army on their ability to use the Military Decision Making Process. Army

Sgt. Maj. Miguel A. Quiros, joint operations senior enlisted advisor with U.S. Forces Korea, greets Gen. In-choul Won, Republic of Korea Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the ROK JCS Headquarters, June 21, 2022. Command senior enlisted leaders with the ROK-US Alliance participated in the 2nd Annual Keystone Seminar, a three-day event meant to bring the senior NCOs together to build sprit de corps and learn about Korean military history.

A Malaysian Army soldier asks a question to U.S. Navy Lt. Cmdr. Alan Chen, background right, a dental officer with Commander, U.S. 7th Fleet, for a dental subject matter expert exchange during Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) Malaysia 2022 on the Joint Forces Headquarters Base, Pahang, Malaysia, Nov. 23, 2022. CARAT Malaysia 2022 highlights the 28th anniversary of CARAT among allies and partners as a way to demonstrate long-term commitment to strengthened relationships throughout South and Southeast Asia and to highlight U.S. Navy commitment to key Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) partners to reinforce ASEAN Centrality. Exercises like this one reassure our allies and partners of the U.S. commitment to maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific.

U.S. Marine Corps recruits with India Company, 3rd Recruit Training Battalion, sort their uniform items at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, Sept. 7, 2022. Recruits received uniform items at the beginning of training, giving them the opportunity to tailor and modify them during their 13 weeks at boot camp.

U.S. Marine Corps Staff Sgt. Efrain Morales-Hernandez, a student with Drill Instructor School, Recruit Training Regiment, gives a command to his platoon on the parade deck at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, Aug 8, 2022. Drill Instructor School further develops the leadership, command presence, instructional ability, physical fitness, and knowledge of selected officers, Staff Non-Commissioned and Non-Commissioned Officers in order to successfully perform the duties of a series commander and drill instructor.

SASEBO, Japan (June 9, 2022) Vice Adm. Karl Thomas, commander, U.S. 7th Fleet, departs the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6). America, lead ship of the America Amphibious Ready Group, along with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Col. Jeremy C. Hawkins, operations officer of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit briefs during a Rehearsal of Concept on Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, Aug. 16, 2022. A ROC is a method used to establish clear objectives and communication between personnel when conducting operations with numerous elements involved to ensure unity of effort across. During this ROC, the 26th MEU Command Element and Combat Logistics 22 leadership discussed the plan for the 26th MEUs upcoming field exercise. This exercise is running concurrently to CLB 22s Marine Corps Combat Readiness Evaluation. This FEX is the culminating exercise for the 26th MEU prior to the MAGTFs composite.

PACIFIC OCEAN (May 31, 2022) Chief Hospital Corpsman Miguel Alarcon, a native of Los Angeles, California, leads a demonstration for midshipmen on board amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2), May 31, 2022. Essex is underway conducting routine operations in U.S. 3rd Fleet.

U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Brandon Sells (left), a radio operator with 3d Marine Division, practices using a Mini-Secure Communications Controller with Philippine Marines during KAMANDAG 6 at Fort Bonifacio, Philippines, Oct. 10, 2022. This system enables bilateral radio communications between the Philippine and U.S. Marine Corps. KAMANDAG is an annual bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences. Sells is a native of Henderson, Texas.

Oregon National Guardsman Chief Master Sgt. Denise Phillips interacts with Singapore Logistics Officer Delson Soh during the Bangladesh Pacific Resilience Disaster Response Exercise and Exchange (DREE) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Nov. 1, 2022. This multinational DREE focuses on civil-military collaboration for disaster preparedness and response between the U.S. Army Pacific Command, the Bangladesh Armed Forces Division, the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and other organizations and countries.

U.S. Marine Corps Col. Christopher Haar, commanding officer of Combat Logistics Regiment 3, 3d Marine Logistics Group, and Republic of Korea Marine Corps Lt. Col Kim Jaisuk pose for a picture during the KAMANDAG 6 opening ceremony at Fort Bonifacio, Philippines, Oct. 3, 2022. KAMANDAG is an annual bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

NG Chee Wee, left, ST Engineering, Rear Adm. Lorin Selby, center, chief of naval research, and Brig. Gen. Joseph Clearfield, right, deputy commander, U.S. Marine Forces Pacific, observe a capabilities demonstration of an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) featuring the AUTONOMAST system at Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), Oct. 26, 2022. U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Science and Technology Office hosted the Singapore Ministry of Defense, Future Systems and Technology Directorate sponsored demonstration. The AUTONOMAST system developed by ST Engineering, a global technology, defense and engineering group headquartered in Singapore, is designed to convert any manned vessel into a USV, with all-round situational awareness capabilities for tracking stationary or moving surface obstacles for safe autonomous navigation. The demonstration, with support from MCBH Waterfront Operations, focused on autonomous navigation in congested waters and force protection maneuvers.

U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Victoria Gonzalez, a motor transport operator with Combat Logistics Regiment 3, 3d Marine Logistics Group, left, and Col. Christopher Haar, commanding officer of CLR-3, speak with Republic of Korea Marine Corps Lt. Col Kim Jaisuk during the KAMANDAG 6 opening ceremony at Fort Bonifacio, Philippines, Oct. 3, 2022. KAMANDAG is an annual bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

U.S. Army Pacific Soldiers and U.S. Army Soldiers from the 25th Infantry Division meet with Philippine Navy Col. Geiram Aragones, chief of staff of 3rd Marine Brigade, during Balikatan 22 on Marine Base Rodolfo Punsalang, Barangay Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines, April 6, 2022. Balikatan is an annual exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. Military designed to strengthen bilateral interoperability, capabilities, trust, and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences. Balikatan 22 is the 37th iteration of the exercise and coincides with the 75th anniversary of the U.S.-Philippine security cooperation.

230330-N-XK462-1110 BUSAN, Republic of Korea (March 30, 2023) U.S. Navy Sailors assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68) and Republic of Korea Navy sailors play a game during a tour of Hong Beop Sa Buddhist Temple during a community outreach event. Nimitz is in U.S. 7th Fleet conducting routine operations. 7th Fleet is the U.S. Navy's largest forward-deployed numbered fleet, and routinely interacts and operates with Allies and partners in preserving a free and open Indo-Pacific region.

U.S. Marine Corps Lance Cpl. Israel Rivera, a motor transport operator with 3rd Transportation Battalion, Combat Logistics Regiment 3, 3rd Marine Logistics Group, left, describes the daily tasks of his job to Sandra Lerma, a military spouse, during a Spouse Warrior Day at Camp Foster, Okinawa, Japan, Sept. 16, 2022. The purpose of the event was to allow military families to form relationships with one another as well as give back to those who support the unit. 3rd MLG, based out of Okinawa, Japan, is a forward-deployed combat unit that serves as III Marine Expeditionary Forces comprehensive logistics and combat service support backbone for operations throughout the Indo-Pacific area of responsibility.

U.S. Navy Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Jacob Fimbres, a Los Angeles, California, native, with Battalion Landing Team 2/5, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, and a Philippine Marine zip up a gun bag aboard the Amphibious Transport Dock USS New Orleans (LPD 18) for KAMANDAG 6, in the Philippine Sea, Oct. 3, 2022. The two forces participated in a bilateral amphibious assault focused on increasing interoperability and shared understanding of tactics. KAMANDAG is an annual, bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

Lt. Gen. David G. Bellon, commander of U.S. Marine Corps Forces, South and U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve (left), salutes Almirante (Colombian Navy Admiral) Francisco Hernando Cubides Granados (right), Commander of the Colombian Navy, upon the admirals arrival to the Base de Entrenamiento de Marina in Coveñas, Colombia, Jan 11, 2023. An important ally in the western hemisphere, Colombia and the United States have maintained diplomatic relations since 1822, and Colombia is one of the oldest democracies in Latin America. Colombia and the United States work together to promote respect for human rights and the rule of law, foster socio-economic development, address immediate humanitarian needs, and end the threats to democracy posed by narcotics trafficking and terrorism.

Inter-American Defense College Leadership greeted dignitaries for a Central American Independence Day Celebration hosted by students at the IADC on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., Sept. 15, 2022. IADC students celebrate the Independence Day of all nations represented by students with a presentation about the country, food and a 5k run.

Sailors attached to the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency participate in a ceremony for the 247th Navy birthday at the DPAA Facility on Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, Oct. 13, 2022. The ceremony was held to commemorate the Navys birthday honoring 247 years of rich history and defense of the nation. DPAAs mission is to achieve the fullest possible accounting for missing and unaccounted-for U.S. personnel to their families and our nation.

Best-wishes shared...Capt. Jeffrey Feinberg departs as executive officer at Naval Hospital/Navy Medicine Readiness Training Command Bremerton to well-wishes from staff manning the rails, June 22, 2022. Feinberg received the meritorious service medal - gold star in lieu of the fourth award - for providing outstanding service from his leadership position from August, 2020, to June, 2022. He will assume command of the military treatment facility on hospital ship USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) currently in Vietnam deployed on Pacific Partnership 2022 (Official Navy photo by Douglas H Stutz, NHB/NMRTC Bremerton public affairs officer).

220804-N-FD648-1007 NORFOLK, VA -Rear Adm. Dennis Velez, commander, Carrier Strike Group (CSG) 10 and George H.W. Bush CSG, speaks to the crew of the Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser USS Vicksburg (CG 69), August 4, 2022. The USS Vicksburg is currently undergoing an 18-month Service Life Extension Program (SLEP).

Japan Ground Self Defense Force Col. Hajime Tsuji, right, the commanding officer of the 2nd Amphibious Rapid Deployment Regiment, laughs with U.S. Marine Corps Col. Matthew Danner, the commanding officer of the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, during a staff exercise, part of Iron Fist 24, on Camp Ainoura, Sasebo, Japan, Feb. 24, 2024. The staff exercise prepared officers from both armed forces for collaborative training and operations. Iron Fist is an annual bilateral exercise designed to increase interoperability and strengthen the relationships between the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Navy, the Japanese Ground Self Defense Force, and the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. Marine Corps

Mexican military officers listen during a session of the 2024 North American Defense Framework for Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) at the Inter-American Defense College at Fort McNair, Washington D.C., Feb. 28, 2024. The conference, hosted by IADC, aims to draft framework for developing sustainable and tangible WPS capacities in the integration of WPS into professional military education, prevention of and response to gender-based violence, and integration of gender perspective into military operations. Army

221125-N-TC338-1093WALVIS BAY, Namibia (Nov. 25, 2022) Capt. Lenard Mitchell, commanding officer of the expeditionary sea base USS Hershel "Woody" Williams (ESB 4), salutes the sideboys as he exits a change of command ceremony in the hangar bay, Nov. 25, 2022. Hershel "Woody" Williams is on a scheduled deployment in the U.S. Naval Forces Africa area of operations, employed by U.S. Sixth Fleet to defend U.S., Allied and Partner interests.

Gustavo Arzac, a principal with Vista High School, Escalon, California, 12th Marine Corps District, Western Recruiting Region, talks to a drill instructor during a mock pick up at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, June 14, 2022. Educators from Los Angeles and Sacramento attended the workshop to learn about recruit training, the fleet Marine Force, and the Marine Corps as a whole.

APRA HARBOR, Guam (Aug. 26, 2022) - Capt. Andrew Ring, commanding officer of the submarine tender USS Emory S. Land (AS 39), left, speaks with Cmdr. Masato Murayama, commanding officer of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Oyashio-class submarine JS Takashio (SS 597), right, aboard the Takashio, Aug. 26, 2022. Emory S. Land is one of two Navy submarine tenders that provide maintenance, hotel services and logistical support to submarines and surface ships in the U.S. 5th and 7th Fleet areas of operation.

Recruits participate in Battle Stations inside USS Trayer (BST 21) at Recruit Training Command (RTC). Trayer, more commonly referred to as "Battle Stations," is the crucible event that recruits must pass prior to graduation, testing their knowledge and skills in basic seamanship, damage control, firefighting and emergency response procedures. Boot camp is approximately 10 weeks and all enlistees into the U.S. Navy begin their careers at the command. Training includes five warfighting competencies of firefighting, damage control, seamanship, watchstanding, and small arms handling and marksmanship along with physical fitness and lessons in Navy heritage and core values, Warrior Toughness, Life Skills, teamwork and discipline. More than 40,000 recruits train annually at the Navys only boot camp.

U.S. Marine Corps Col. Douglas Burke, commanding officer of Combat Logistics Regiment 37, 3rd Marine Logistics Group, gifts a commemorative plaque to Col. Shimizu Nozomu, commanding officer of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces 15th Logistics Support Unit, during a bilateral field meet on Camp Kinser, Okinawa, Japan, Dec. 9, 2022. CLR-37 conducted a bilateral field meet to celebrate the holiday season and boost morale with their JGSDF counterparts.

U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Col. Stephen J. Boada, commanding officer of 3d Battalion, 12th Marines and members of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force participate in cultural exchange discussions in the Bilateral Ground Tactical Control Center during Resolute Dragon 22 at Camp Shizunai, Hokkaido, Japan, Oct. 11, 2022. Resolute Dragon 22 is an annual bilateral exercise designed to strengthen the defensive capabilities of the U.S.-Japan Alliance by exercising integrated command and control, targeting, combined arms, and maneuver across multiple domains.

Marine Raiders with Special Operations Task Force 511.2 and Marines with 3rd Marine Air Wing provide instruction on Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems to service members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during Marine Aviation Support Activity (MASA) 22 in Palawan, Philippines, June 7, 2022. MASA 22 is a bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the U.S. Marine Corps, aimed at increasing interoperability and improving aviation-related capabilities in support of U.S.-Philippine mutual defense.

U.S. Marines with II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) lead an Individual Protective Equipment Confidence Exercise with Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) Midshipmen during their Summer Training Program at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, N.C., July 13, 2022. NROTC Midshipmen Summer Training develops and trains Midshipmen in order to provide the Fleet a competent and professional Naval Service Commissioned Officer.

CAMP LEMONNIER, Djibouti (March 25, 2023) Marines deployed to Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, meet with Red Cross representatives during Camp Lemonniers Information Fair and Block Party about services provided around the base, March 25. CLDJ is an operational installation that enables U.S., allied, and partner nation forces to be where and when they are needed to ensure security in Europe, Africa and Southwest Asia. The base enables maritime and combat operations in the Horn of Africa while fostering positive U.S.-Africa relations.

U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Gabriela Gonzalez, with 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit assists Philippine Marine Corps Staff Sgt. Bertwin G. Ballatan at Naval Education, Training and Doctrine Command in Zambales, Philippines, Oct. 3, 2022, during KAMANDAG 6. The class was intended to exchange knowledge of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear tactics and procedures between the U.S. and Philippine Marine Corps and Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force. KAMANDAG is an annual, bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

230412-N-WU964-1016 YOKOSUKA, Japan (April 12, 2023) Aviation Boatswains Mate (Handling) 3rd Class Glenda Chavarria, from Las Vegas, and Aviation Boatswains Mate (Handling) Airman Kendel Kinsey, from Loganville, Georgia, assigned to the U.S. Navys only forward-deployed aircraft carrier, USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), prepare to apply polyresin compound to the deck of the pilot house aboard USS Robert Smalls (CG 62) while in-port Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka, April 12, 2023. Ronald Reagan, the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 5, provides a combat-ready force that protects and defends the United States, and supports Alliances, partnerships and collective maritime interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

PEARL HARBOR (July 17, 2022) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Rear Adm. Toshiyuki Hirata, Vice Commander Combined Task Force, welcomes U.S. Navy Vice Adm. Michael E. Boyle, cCommander, Combined Task Force, during Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2022. Twenty-six nations, 38 ships, three submarines, more than 170 aircraft and 25,000 personnel are participating in RIMPAC from June 29 to Aug. 4 in and around the Hawaiian Islands and Southern California. The world's largest international maritime exercise, RIMPAC provides a unique training opportunity while fostering and sustaining cooperative relationships among participants critical to ensuring the safety of sea lanes and security on the world's oceans. RIMPAC 2022 is the 28th exercise in the series that began in 1971. (Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class SUGA Tatsuya)

U.S. Air Force Col. Christopher Cullen from the Hawaii Air National Guard receives certificate of gratitude from the Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian Armed Forces) during the closing ceremony of exercise Gema Bhakti 2022, Sep. 16, 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia. Gema Bhakti 22 is a U.S. Indo-Pacific Command joint exercise program event, utilizing U.S. joint forces and TNI Armed Forces working together to increase interoperability and enhance regional stability and security through bilateral and multilateral partnerships.

Philippine Marines, Airmen, and U.S. Marines put on medical suits provided by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force at Naval Education, Training and Doctrine Command in Zambales, Philippines, on Oct. 4, 2022, during KAMANDAG 6. The class was intended to teach about decontamination in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment. KAMANDAG is an annual, bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

240121-N-ED228-1024 PACIFIC OCEAN (Jan. 21, 2024) Sailors conduct a foreign object debris walk-down in the hangar bay aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72). The Abraham Lincoln Carrier Strike Group is underway in the U.S. 3rd Fleet area of operations conducting advanced tactical training that increases warfighting capability and tactical proficiency across all domains.

220601-O-NR876-865SASEBO, Japan (June 1, 2022) Ensign David Pierce, from Pittsburgh, explains to Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Vice Adm. FUKUDA Tatsuya, commander, Fleet Escort Force, and Rear Adm. SHIMIZU Hitoshi, commander, Escort Flotilla Two, how the twin-boom extensible crane (TBEC) is utilized to launch an 11m rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RHIB) out of the stern on the Independence-class littoral combat ship USS Charleston (LCS 18). Charleston, part of Destroyer Squadron (DESRON) 7, is on a rotational deployment, operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with partners and serve as a ready-response force in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific region.

Sailors take the Navy-wide chief petty officer advancement exam aboard amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2), Jan. 18, 2024. Essex is homeported in San Diego, conducting a maintenance period to upgrade and refurbish many key systems aboard.

U.S. Navy Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Don Martin, left, with 1st Medical Battalion, I Marine Expeditionary Force, checks the effectiveness of a tourniquet on a Malaysian soldier for a Combat Life Saving class during Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) Malaysia 2022 on the Joint Forces Headquarters Base, Pahang, Malaysia, Nov. 23, 2022. CARAT Malaysia 2022 highlights the 28th anniversary of CARAT among allies and partners as a way to demonstrate long-term commitment to strengthened relationships throughout South and Southeast Asia and to highlight U.S. Navy commitment to key Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) partners to reinforce ASEAN Centrality. Exercises like this one reassure our allies and partners of the U.S. commitment to maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific.

U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Donovan Hage, a tactics instructor with 3D Sustainment Group (Experimental), 3D Marine Logistics Group, left, is secured to the rope during a ropes course with U.S. Marine Corps Forces Korea and Republic of Korea Marine Corps Ranger School in Pohang, South Korea, Jan. 27, 2022. The course increased the Marines readiness with rappelling and rope work while improving interoperability with our partners and allies. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Ash McLaughlin)

U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. Jennifer Reed, 33rd Helicopter Maintenance Unit inspection section noncommissioned officer in charge, trades patches with Philippine Air Force Capt. Kenneth Val Macaso, 205th Helicopter Wing operations officer, during a tour of Kadena Air Base, Japan, March 7, 2023. PAF members toured Kadena Air Base in order to strengthen U.S. and Philippine force interoperability, enhancing regional peace and security.

A U.S. Army Soldier assigned to the 5th Quartermaster Theater Aerial Delivery Company prepares Container Delivery System (CDS) bundles for transport onto the ramp of a C-130J Super Hercules aircraft during exercise Chasing Sol in Zaragoza, Spain, Jan. 24, 2023. Members of the 86th Airlift Wing, 435th Air Ground Operations Wing, and Soldiers assigned to the 21st Theater Sustainment Commands 16th Sustainment Brigade are in Zaragoza to participate in exercise Chasing Sol with the Spanish air force.

Soldiers assigned to 1st Brigade 11th Airborne Division work together with Members of the Northern Army, Japanese Ground Self Defense Force sharing and briefing plans on Dec 7, 2022. Participants from the Japan Ground Self Defense Force train together with Soldiers of the U.S. Army I Corps, 7th Infantry Division, 11th Airborne Division, U.S. Army Japan, U.S. Army Reserve and Army National Guard in a Joint environment with service members from Marine Corps Pacific, 3rd Marine Division, U.S. Navy Seventh Fleet and 5th Air Force.

Builder 2nd Class Jason McWaters, center, gives a tour of an engineering civic action program in Ternate, Indonesia, on July 23, 2010. Pacific Partnership 2010 is the fifth in a series of annual U.S. Pacific Fleet endeavors conducted in Indonesia as a disaster relief exercise aimed at strengthening regional partnerships.

GREAT LAKES, Il. (June 22, 2022) Educators with Navy Talent Acquisition Group Richmond and Navy Recruiting Command tour Recruit Training Command and Naval Station Great Lakes as part of the Educator Orientation Visit (EOV) to familiarize teachers with differnt aspects of the Navy. Opened in 1911, NSGL is the Navys largest training installation and the home of the Navys only Boot Camp. Located on over 1600 acres overlooking Lake Michigan, the installation includes 1,153 buildings with 39 on the National Register of Historic Places. NSGL supports over 50 tenant commands and elements as well as over 20,000 Sailors, Marines, Soldiers, and DoD civilians who live and work on the installation.

BUSAN, Republic of Korea (Sept. 24, 2022) - Sailors assigned to Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Barry (DDG 52) and forward-deployed aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) visit Jinhae Hope Childrens Home in Busan, Republic of Korea during a community relations event (COMREL), Sept. 24. Barry is assigned to Commander, Task Force 71/Destroyer Squadron (DESRON) 15, the Navys largest forward-deployed DESRON and the U.S. 7th Fleets principal surface force.

040401-M-1158H-008. Base: Marine Corps Base, Camp Foster State: Okinawa Country: Japan (JPN)

220829-N-FO714-1126NAVAL BASE GUAM (Aug. 29, 2022) Participants from the Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), Republic of Korea Navy, and U.S. Navy pose for a group photo during the closing ceremony for Pacific Vanguard (PV) 22-1 held aboard JMSDF helicopter destroyer JS Izumo (DDH 183) pierside at Naval Base Guam, Aug. 29. PV 22-1 is an exercise with a focus on interoperability and the advanced training and integration of allied maritime forces.

Sgt. Joshua Rhim and Sgt. Bethany Hall, all-source intel analysts with Charlie Company, 519th Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Battalion, 525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade, are promoted from Specialist to Sergeant on Sept. 1, 2022 in Wiesbaden, Germany. The pair are currently deployed in Europe with individuals from XVIII Airborne Corps in order to assure NATO allies and deter Russian aggression.

220908-N-FO714-1010YOKOSUKA, Japan (Sept. 8, 2022) Sailors from the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) attend familiarization training for an upcoming anti-submarine warfare bilateral training exercise in the map room at the Commander, Task Force 71 cave onboard Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Sept. 8. The U.S. Navy and JMSDF regularly fly, sail and operate together with other Allies and partners to promote security and stability throughout the region.

PORT HUENEME, Calif. (May 5, 2022) Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Jiayi Lei, left, inspects Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Silas Vaughns, right, ear as part of a routine medical examinationduring NavalMobile Construction Battalion (NMCB) 18s Command Post Exercise (CPX). CPX is a training evolution conducted by Seabee battalions to assess their mission readiness exercise to prepare battalions for future operations. NMCB 18 Seabees are the expeditionary engineering and construction experts of thenaval service. They provide task-tailored, adaptable and combat-ready engineering and construction forces that deploy to support Navy objectives globally.

U.S. Navy Lt. Kenneth Orsburn, the chaplain of 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division, cuts cake during a Navy birthday celebration during exercise Resolute Dragon 22 at Kamifurano Maneuver Area, Hokkaido, Japan, Oct. 13, 2022. Resolute Dragon 22 is an annual exercise designed to strengthen the defensive capabilities of the U.S.-Japan Alliance by exercising integrated command and control, targeting, combined arms, and maneuver across multiple domains.

MANILA, Republic of the Philippines (March 9, 2013) Boatswain's Mate 3rd Class Cierra Mason explains navigation equipment to sailors of the Philippine navy on the bridge aboard the U.S. 7th Fleet flagship USS Blue Ridge (LCC 19) during a port visit to Manila. Blue Ridge port visits represent an important opportunity to promote peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region, demonstrate commitment to regional partners and foster growing relationships.

Japanese Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Kizuki Ushijima (left) and TNI Gen. Andika Perkasa, the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (right) greets one another on their arrival to the opening ceremony as part of Super Garuda Shield 2022 in Baturaja, Indonesia, Aug. 3, 2022. Super Garuda Shield 2022, a part of Operation Pathways and a longstanding annual, bilateral military exercise conducted between the U.S. military and Indonesia National Armed Forces, reinforces the U.S. commitments to our allies, and regional partners, joint readiness, and the interoperability to fight and win together.

040319-M-5523R-006. Base: Su Song Ri Country: Republic Of Korea (KOR)

U.S. Navy Lt. Nellie Garcia, a physician's assistant with Task Force Koa Moana 2022, I Marine Expeditionary Force, discusses mental health and how to relieve stress during a live interview on the Eco Paradise radio station in Koror, Republic of Palau, July 7, 2022. Named Koa Moana, after a Hawaiian/Polynesian phrase meaning ocean warrior, the task force fosters peace and security, builds relationships, and supports an international rules-based order that benefits the Indo-Pacific region.

Col. Joseph Falcon” Coughlin, 8th Mission Support Group commander, speaks during a 9/11 remembrance ceremony at Kunsan Air Base, Republic of Korea, Sept. 8, 2022. During his talk, Coughlin reflected on his personal experiences in the aftermath of 9/11.

Sailors assigned to USS Gerald R. Fords (CVN 78) air department combat a simulated casualty during a general quarters drill in the hangar bay, May 12, 2022. Ford is in port Naval Station Norfolk preparing for its next underway period.

Air Cadets from the National Defense Academy of Japan sit on the loading ramp of a C-130J Super Hercules assigned to the 36th Airlift Squadron at Yokota Air Base, Japan, July 26, 2022. The cadets had an opportunity to tour aircraft assigned to the 36th AS and 459th AS including a C-130J Super Hercules, UH-1N Huey and C-12 Huron.

221115-N-YC581-1015 SAN DIEGO (Nov. 15, 2022) Logistics Specialist Seaman Carlos Berdongomez, a native of Puebla, Mexico, moves a pallet of oil in the hangar bay aboard Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70). Vinson is currently pierside in its homeport of San Diego.

220529-N-NT795-038 SAN PEDRO, Calif. (May 29, 2022) Chief Quartermaster Corey Vivian, assigned to Maritime Expeditionary Security Group (MESG) 1, helps a child operate a visual simulator trainer during the Los Angeles Fleet Week Expo. LAFW is an opportunity for the American public to meet their Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard team and expedience Americas sea services. During fleet week, service members will participate in various community service events, display capabilities and equipment to the community, and enjoy the hospitality of Los Angeles and the surrounding areas to offer. MESF is a core Navy capability that provides port and harbor security, high value asset security, and maritime security in the coastal and inland waterways.

A Philippine Marine prepares gear aboard the Amphibious Transport Dock USS New Orleans (LPD 18) for KAMANDAG 6, in the Philippine Sea, Oct. 3, 2022. The two forces participated in a bilateral amphibious assault focused on increasing interoperability and shared understanding of tactics. KAMANDAG is an annual, bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and U.S. military designed to strengthen interoperability, capabilities, trust and cooperation built over decades of shared experiences.

230301-N-RC359-1150 YOKOSUKA, Japan (March 1, 2023) Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Matthew Boyle, right, from Bay head, New Jersey, prepares to carry a simulated casualty on a stretcher during a mass-casualty drill on the aft mess decks aboard the U.S. Navys only forward-deployed aircraft carrier, USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), while in-port Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka, March 1, 2023. Ronald Reagan, the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 5, provides a combat-ready force that protects and defends the United States, and supports Alliances, partnerships and collective maritime interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

220523-N-TT639-2019 PACIFIC OCEAN (May 23, 2022) - Sailors and Marines select personal care items donated by the United Service Organizations (USO) on the mess decks aboard amphibious assault carrier USS Tripoli (LHA 7), May 23, 2022. Tripoli is conducting routine operations in U.S. 7th Fleet.

030219-F-3961R-002. Subject Operation/Series: COPE TIGER 2003 Base: Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base Country: Thailand (THA)

240228-N-RQ159-1057 YOKOSUKA, Japan (Feb. 28, 2024) Aviation Boatswains Mate (Launch and Recovery Equipment) Airman Christian Lazaro, from Chicago, lays floor resin with a roller in a passageway aboard the U.S. Navys only forward-deployed aircraft carrier, USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), while in-port Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Feb. 28. Ronald Reagan, the flagship of the Carrier Strike Group 5, provides a combat-United States, and supports alliances, partnerships and collective maritime interest in the Indo-Pacific region. Navy

U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Jesusoscar Santini, crew chief, Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting, Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Beaufort briefs students from Heritage High Schools Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps at MCAS Beaufort, April 4, 2023. Santini explained the capabilities of the vehicles used by aircraft rescue and firefighting.

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