International Space Station Crews

Groups of astronauts and cosmonauts in blue flight suits pose inside the International Space Station's various modules, highlighting collaboration in space missions.

Expedition 35 crewmembers pose for an in-flight portrait in the Kibo Japanese Experiment Pressurized Module (JPM). From left, are (front row) flight engineer (FE) Pavel Vinogradov, commander Chris Hadfield, FE Alexander Misurkin, (back row) FE Tom Marshburn, FE Chris Cassidy, and FE Roman Romanenko. Vinogradov, Misurkin and Romanenko are Roscosmos cosmonauts; Hadfield is a Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut.

Expedition 35 crewmembers pose for an in-flight portrait in the Kibo Japanese Experiment Pressurized Module (JPM). From left, are (front row) flight engineer (FE) Pavel Vinogradov, commander Chris Hadfield, FE Alexander Misurkin, (back row) FE Tom Marshburn, FE Chris Cassidy, and FE Roman Romanenko. Vinogradov, Misurkin and Romanenko are Roscosmos cosmonauts; Hadfield is a Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut.

Expedition 60 prime crew members flight engineer Andrew Morgan of NASA, left, Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, second from left, and flight engineer Luca Parmitano of ESA (European Space Agency), third from left, are seen with backup crew members Soichi Noguchi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), third from right, Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos, second from right, and Thomas Marshburn of NASA, right, pose for a picture at the conclusion of a press conference, Friday, July 19, 2019 at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Expedition 60 Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, flight engineer Andrew Morgan of NASA, and flight engineer Luca Parmitano of ESA (European Space Agency) are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station aboard the Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft at 12:28 p.m. Eastern time (9:28 p.m. Baikonur time) on Saturday, July 20.

jsc2019e035260 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 60 crewmembers Drew Morgan of NASA (left), Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos (center) and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures June 26 during final qualification exams. They will launch July 20 on the Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Beth Weissinger.

ISS040-E-105270 (23 Aug. 2014) --- European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst (left), Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev (center) and NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman, all Expedition 40 flight engineers, pose for a portrait in the Harmony node of the International Space Station.

iss064e002617 (Oct. 30, 2020) --- The three-member Expedition 64 crew gathers for a portrait inside the Kibo laboratory module from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). From left are, Flight Engineer Kate Rubins of NASA, Commander Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos and Flight Engineer Sergey Kud-Sverchkov of Roscosmos.

12-19-17-2:In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 39/40 Flight Engineer Steve Swanson of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos; center) and Flight Engineer Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos (right) pose for pictures in front of the first stage engines of their Soyuz TMA-12M spacecraft March 21. Swanson, Skvortsov and Artemyev are wrapping up training for their launch to the International Space Station March 26, Kazakh time, for a six-month mission on the orbital laboratory.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

12-58-46:In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 38/39 Flight Engineer Koichi Wakata (left) Soyuz Commander Mikhail Tyurin (center) and Flight Engineer Rick Mastracchio of NASA (right) pose for pictures in front of the first stage of their Soyuz rocket Nov. 3 as they enter the homestretch of their preparations for launch. The three crewmembers will launch Nov. 7, Kazakh time, on the Soyuz TMA-11M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

jsc2020e016222 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 63 backup crewmembers Steve Bowen of NASA (left) and Sergey Ryzhikov (center) and Andrei Babkin (right) of Roscosmos pose for pictures March 12 during the second day of Soyuz qualification exams. They are the backups to Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos who are scheduled to launch April 9 on the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

ISS031-E-134790 (19 June 2012) --- Attired in their Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (center), Expedition 31 commander; along with European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers (left) and NASA astronaut Don Pettit, both flight engineers, pose for a photo in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Expedition 28 NASA Flight Engineer Mike Fossum, front left, Expedition 28 Soyuz Commander Sergei Volkov, front center, and Expedition 28 JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa pose with backup crewmembers NASA Flight Engineer Don Pettit of the U.S., back left, Flight Engineer Oleg Kononenko of Russia, back center, and ESA (European Space Agency) Flight Engineer Andre Kuipers of The Netherlands, prior to the crews launch onboard a Soyuz rocket to the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 7, 2011, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan.

ISS040-E-105144 (23 Aug. 2014) --- Expedition 40 crew members pose for an in-flight crew portrait in the Harmony node of the International Space Station. Pictured on the front row are NASA astronaut Steve Swanson (center), commander; along with Russian cosmonauts Alexander Skvortsov (left) and Oleg Artemyev, both flight engineers. Pictured from the left (back row) are European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst, Russian cosmonaut Maxim Suraev and NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman, all flight engineers.

ISS038-E-068952 (10 March 2014) --- In the Zvezda service module of the International Space Station, three members of the Expedition 38 crew give a simultaneous thumbs up signal, which is perhaps a way of saying, "Our work is done here for now and we're ready to return home." From left to right are Expedition 38 Flight Engineer Mike Hopkins of NASA, Commander Oleg Kotov of Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy of Roscosmos. Expedition 38/39 Flight Engineer Mikhail Tyurin, representing Roscosmos, prepares to record final activities among the three who are departing and the three (out of frame) who are remaining onboard to finish out their stay on the orbital outpost, as part of the Expedition 39 crew.

JSC2014-E-042049 (22 Aug. 2013) --- The prime crew members for International Space Station Expedition 40 take a break in training for a crew portrait. From the left are Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, Soyuz Commander Maxim Suraev of Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman of NASA.

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 48-49 backup crewmembers Peggy Whitson of NASA (left), Oleg Novitskiy of Roscosmos (center) and Thomas Pesquet of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures in front of a Soyuz simulator during Soyuz qualification exams May 26. They are serving as the backups to prime crewmembers Kate Rubins of NASA, Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos, who will launch June 24 on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a four-month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Stephanie Stoll

10-33-15:In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 39/40 Flight Engineer Steve Swanson of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos; center) and Flight Engineer Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos (right) pose for pictures in front of their Soyuz TMA-12M spacecraft March 21. Swanson, Skvortsov and Artemyev are wrapping up training for their launch to the International Space Station March 26, Kazakh time, for a six-month mission on the orbital laboratory.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

jsc2021e010286 - Exp-65 Soyuz MS-18/64S Crew Photo - Prime; Mark Vande Hei, Oleg Novitsky and Pyotr Dubrov from GCTC

jsc2017e115139 (Sept. 7, 2017) --- At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 53-54 crewmembers Joe Acaba of NASA (left), Alexander Misurkin of Roscosmos (center) and Mark Vande Hei of NASA (right) pose for pictures Sept. 7 in front of the Soyuz MS-06 spacecraft during final fit check training activities. They will launch Sept. 13 on the Soyuz MS-06 spacecraft for a five and a half month mission on the International Space Station.

Expedition 40 Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, ESA, left, Soyuz Commander Maxim Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency, Roscosmos, center, and Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman of NASA, left, are seen together during a press conference, Tuesday, May 27, 2014, at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Their mission to the International Space Station is set to launch May 29 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

jsc2018e084491 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 57 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures Sept. 26 during pre-launch training activities. From left to right are backup crewmember David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency, prime crewmembers Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos and Nick Hague of NASA and backup crewmember Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos. Ovchinin and Hague will launch Oct. 11 in the Soyuz MS-10 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

jsc2018e007776 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 55 crewmembers Drew Feustel of NASA (left), Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos (center) and Ricky Arnold of NASA (right) pose for pictures Feb. 21 during their final day of crew qualification exams. They will launch March 21 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center/Andrey Shelepin and Irina Spektor .

JSC2010-E-196890 (20 Dec. 2010) --- Attired in training versions of their shuttle launch and entry suits, NASA astronauts Doug Hurley (left), STS-135 pilot; and Rex Walheim, mission specialist, are pictured during a training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center. STS-135 is planned to be the final mission of the space shuttle program.

Expedition 55 flight engineer Ricky Arnold of NASA, left, Soyuz Commander Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos, center, and flight engineer Drew Feustel of NASA, right, pose for a picture at the conclusion of a press conference, Tuesday, March 20, 2018 a the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Arnold, Artemyev, and Feustel are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station aboard the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft on Wednesday, March, 21.

Expedition 70 Press Conference. Expedition 70 NASA astronaut Loral O'Hara, left, Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko, and Nikolai Chub, right, pose for a group photograph while in quarantine behind glass during a press conference, Thursday, Sept. 14, 2023 at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. O'Hara, Kononenko, and Chub are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-24 spacecraft on Sept. 15.

2097:At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 41/42 prime crewmembers Barry Wilmore of NASA (left), Alexander Samokutyaev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Elena Serova of Roscosmos (right) clasp hands during a photo opportunity September 4 at the start of the second day of final qualification exams. The trio will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Sept. 26, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-14M spacecraft for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. Serova will become the fourth Russian woman to fly in space and the first Russian woman to conduct a long duration mission on the station.NASA/Stephanie Stoll

iss059e098932 (June 8, 2019) --- Expedition 59 Flight Engineer Alexey Ovchinin (left) and Commander Oleg Kononenko, both Roscosmos cosmonauts, are pictured inside the International Space Station's Zvezda service module.

jsc2017e135204 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmembers Scott Tingle of NASA (left) Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, right) pose for pictures Nov. 29 in front of a Soyuz spacecraft simulator as part of their final crew qualification exam activities. They will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Elizabeth Weissinger.

ISS034-E-061655 (5 March 2013) --- With their scheduled stay onboard the International Space Station headed toward its final days, three members of the Expedition 34 crew pose for somephotographs in their Sokol suits in the U.S. lab or Destiny. From left are NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, commander; with Roscosmos Flight Engineers Oleg Novitskiy and Evgeny Tarelkin.Two days earlier, the trio joined crew members from Russia, the U.S. and Canada in welcoming the arrival of fresh food and supplies aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.

Expedition 65 prime crew members, front row, NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, left, Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy, center, and Pyotr Dubrov, have a group photo made with Expedition 65 backup crewmembers Anne McClain of NASA, standing left, Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov, standing center, and Oleg Artemyev ahead of the prime crews launch to the International Space Station Friday, April 9, 2021 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket sent the trio on a mission to the International Space Station.

2102:At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 41/42 prime crewmembers Barry Wilmore of NASA (left), Alexander Samokutyaev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Elena Serova of Roscosmos (right) clasp hands during a photo opportunity September 4 at the start of the second day of final qualification exams. The trio will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Sept. 26, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-14M spacecraft for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. Serova will become the fourth Russian woman to fly in space and the first Russian woman to conduct a long duration mission on the station.NASA/Stephanie Stoll

nhq201707070013 (July 7, 2017) --- Expedition 52 flight engineers Paolo Nespoli of ESA, left, Sergey Ryazanskiy of Roscosmos, and Randy Bresnik of NASA pose for a photograph outside the Soyuz simulator ahead of their final Soyuz qualification exam, Friday, July 7, 2017 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia.

jsc2017e135199 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmembers Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, left), Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Scott Tingle of NASA (right) report to officials Nov. 29 for the start of their final qualification exam activities. They will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Elizabeth Weissinger.

jsc2019e013418 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome Museum in Kazakhstan, a model of the worlds first satellite, Sputnik, serves as a hanging backdrop March 10 as the Expedition 59 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures in traditional pre-launch activities. From left to right are the prime crewmembers, Christina Koch of NASA, Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos and Nick Hague of NASA, and the backup crewmembers, Drew Morgan of NASA, Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency. Koch, Hague and Ovchinin will launch March 14, U.S. time, in the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

Expedition 60 flight engineer Andrew Morgan of NASA, left, Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, center, and flight engineer Luca Parmitano of ESA (European Space Agency), right, pose for a picture after donning their Russian Sokol suits in preparation for their Soyuz launch to the International Space Station Saturday, July 20, 2019 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Morgan, Skvortsov, and Parmitano launched aboard the Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft at 12:28 p.m. Eastern time (9:28 p.m. Baikonur time) on July 20 to begin their journey to the orbiting laboratory.

Expedition 22 NASA Flight Engineer Timothy J. Creamer of the U.S., left, and Flight Engineer Soichi Noguchi of Japan pose for a photograph with NASA Flight Surgeon Pete Bauer, standing left, and NASA Expedition 22 backup Astronaut Doug Wheelock at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Sunday, Dec. 20, 2009. Creamer, Noguchi and fellow Expedition 22 crew member, Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov of Russia, launched in their Soyuz TMA-17 rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Monday, Dec. 21, 2009. (

Expedition 43 prime and backup crews are seen in quarantine behind glass during a crew press conference, from left, Expedition 43 prime crew members; NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka, and Mikhail Kornienko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), Expedition 43 backup crew members; NASA Astronaut Jeff Williams, Russian cosmonauts Alexei Ovchinin, and Sergei Volkov Thursday, March 26, 2015, at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Kelly, Kornienko, and Padalka launched to the International Space Station in the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time (March 27 Eastern time.) As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016.

ISS006-E-45802 (14 April 2003) --- Attired in their Russian Sokol suits, astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox (right), Expedition Six mission commander, and cosmonaut Nikolai M. Budarin, flight engineer, are pictured in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The crewmembers were practicing for their return flight home scheduled for May 3, 2003 onboard the Soyuz TMA-1 spacecraft.

(20 June 2012) --- Expedition 32/33 NASA Flight Engineer Sunita Williams of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Yuri Malenchenko (center), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Flight Engineer Aki Hoshide (right), answer questions from the media at a Soyuz vehicle mock-up before their final qualification test June 20, 2012 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Malenchenko, Williams and Hoshide are scheduled to launch July 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft to the International Space Station.

iss062e116035 (March 29, 2020) --- NASA Flight Engineers Andrew Morgan and Jessica Meir flank Expedition 62 Commander Oleg Skripochka of Roscosmos for a portrait in the weightless environment of the International Space Station.

ISS015-E-34603 (16 Oct. 2007) --- Cosmonauts Fyodor N. Yurchikhin (right) and Oleg V. Kotov (center), Expedition 15 commander and flight engineer, respectively, representing Russia's Federal Space Agency; and Malaysian spaceflight participant Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor pose for a photo in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Expedition 38 Flight Engineer Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency is seen laying in a seat liner as he and fellow crew mates, Soyuz Commander Mikhail Tyurin of Roscosmos, seated left, and, Flight Engineer Rick Mastracchio of NASA, have their Russian Sokol suits pressure checked a few hours ahead of their launch, Thursday, Nov. 7, 2013, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Tyurin, Wakata, and, Mastracchio will launch in their Soyuz TMA-11M spacecraft to the International Space Station to begin a six-month mission.

Expedition 65 backup crew members Russian cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos, left, Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov of Roscosmos, center, and NASA astronaut Anne McClain, pose for a photo during Soyuz qualification exams Monday, March 22, 2021, at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia, in advance of the Expedition 65 launch April 9 from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the International Space Station.

jsc2017e096677 (July 17, 2017) --- In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 52-53 backup crewmembers Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, left), Alexander Misurkin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Mark Vande Hei of NASA (right) pose for pictures in front of the Soyuz MS-05 spacecraft July 17 as part of their fit check dress rehearsal activities. The trio is serving as backups for Paolo Nespoli of the European Space Agency, Sergey Ryazanskiy of Roscosmos and Randy Bresnik of NASA, who will launch July 28 on the Soyuz MS-05 spacecraft for a five-month mission on the International Space Station.

ISS040-E-139842 (10 Sept. 2014) --- NASA astronaut Steve Swanson (center), Expedition 40 commander; along with Russian cosmonauts Alexander Skvortsov (bottom) and Oleg Artemyev, both flight engineers, are pictured in the Soyuz TMA-12M capsule which will return them back to Earth after serving more than five months onboard the orbital outpost. Undocking from the International Space Stations Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) occurred at 7:01 p.m. (EDT) on Sept. 10, 2014.

In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 50-51 crewmembers Peggy Whitson of NASA (left), Oleg Novitskiy of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Thomas Pesquet of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures Nov. 2 in front of their Soyuz MS-03 spacecraft during a fit check dress rehearsal. They will launch Nov. 18, Baikonur time, for a six-month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

iss064e020858 (Jan. 6, 2021) --- The seven-member Expedition 64 crew poses for a portrait inside the International Space Station's Kibo laboratory module from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Module). From left are, NASA astronauts Shannon Walker, Victor Glover and Kate Rubins; Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Sergey Kud-Sverchkov; NASA astronaut Michael Hopkins; and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi. Glover and Hopkins are wearing white uniforms that commemorate the NASA human spaceflight programs Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Apollo-Soyuz, Space Shuttle, Shuttle-Mir, International Space Station and Commercial Crew.

jsc2018e004729 (November 14, 2017) --- Expedition 55-56 crew members (from left) Ricky Arnold of NASA, Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos and Drew Feustel of NASA pose for a crew portrait in Sokol launch and entry suits at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia.

In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 37/38 Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov (center) and Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy (right) clasp hands in front of the first stage engines of the Soyuz booster rocket Sept. 20 as they completed a final fit check” inspection of their Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft. Hopkins, Kotov and Ryazanskiy are preparing for launch Sept. 26, Kazakh time, to begin a five and a half month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

ISS014-E-19526 (17 April 2007) --- The crewmembers onboard the International Space Station pose for a group portrait during the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 14 to Expedition 15 in the Destiny laboratory. From the left are cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin, Expedition 14 flight engineer; Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, Expedition 15 commander; astronaut Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Expedition 14 commander and NASA space station science officer; cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov, Expedition 15 flight engineer; and astronaut Sunita L. Williams, Expedition 14/15 flight engineer. Tyurin, Yurchikhin and Kotov represent Russia's Federal Space Agency.

jsc2019e043007 (June 7, 2019) --- (From left) Backup Roscosmos spaceflight participant Sultan al-Neyadi of the United Arab Emirates and backup Expedition 61-62 crewmembers cosmonaut Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos and NASA astronaut Thomas Marshburn pose for a crew portrait at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia.

jsc2017e138124 - In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 54-55 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures Dec. 13 in front of the first stage of the Soyuz booster rocket. From left to right are prime crewmembers Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Scott Tingle of NASA and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), and backup crewmembers Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos, Jeanette Epps of NASA and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency. Kanai, Tingle and Shkaplerov will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft for a five month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

jsc2018e025584 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 55 crewmembers Drew Feustel of NASA (left, Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos (center) and Ricky Arnold of NASA (right) pose for pictures in front of their Soyuz spacecraft March 16 during their final Soyuz fit check activities. They will launch March 21 on the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft for a five-month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

Expedition 64 NASA astronaut Kate Rubins, left, and Russian cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov, center, and Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos, right, are seen during a traditional tour of the Baikonur Cosmodrome Museum, Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2020, Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The trio are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station aboard the Soyuz MS-17 spacecraft on October 14.

Expedition 41 Flight Engineer Barry Wilmore of NASA, left, Soyuz Commander Alexander Samokutyaev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), center, and Flight Engineer Elena Serova of Roscosmos, right, wave to the crowd at the conclusion of the press conference, Wednesday, Sept. 24, 2014, at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The mission to the International Space Station is set to launch Sept. 26 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

jsc2018e095172 - At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 58 crewmembers David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency (left), Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos (center) and Anne McClain of NASA (right) pose for pictures Nov. 14 at the conclusion of qualification exams. They will launch Dec. 3 on the Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Sarah Volkman.

NASA/Stephanie Stoll

ISS039-E-011175 (11 April 2014) --- Inside the Zvezda service module on the Earth-orbiting International Space Station, the six Expedition 39 crew members face the camera during a call with Russian President Vladimir Putin. From left to right are NASA astronauts Rick Mastracchio and Steve Swanson, both flight engineers; Commander Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and cosmonauts Alexander Skvortsov, Mikhail Tyurin and Oleg Artemyev, all flight engineers with Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos).

ISS029-E-043148 (20 Nov. 2011) --- Expedition 28/29 and Expedition 29/30 crew members pose for a group portrait in the International Space Stations Kibo laboratory following the ceremony of Changing-of-Command from Expedition 29 to Expedition 30. Pictured from the left are Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Ivanishin, Expedition 30 flight engineer; NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander; Anton Shkaplerov, Expedition 30 flight engineer; Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Expedition 29 flight engineer; NASA astronaut Mike Fossum, Expedition 29 commander; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, Expedition 29 flight engineer.

jsc2017e043850 (April 14, 2017) --- In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 51 crewmembers Fyodor Yurchikhin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left) and Jack Fischer of NASA (right) provide a thumbs up” as they pose for pictures April 14 in front of their Soyuz booster rocket. Fischer and Yurchikhin will launch April 20 on the Soyuz MS-04 spacecraft for a four and a half month mission on the International Space Station.

jsc2017e043080 (April 13, 2017) --- At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, the Expedition 51 prime and backup crewmembers pose for pictures April 13 as part of traditional pre-launch activities. From left to right are backup crewmembers Randy Bresnik of NASA and Sergey Ryazanskiy of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and prime crewmembers Fyodor Yurchikhin of Roscosmos and Jack Fischer of NASA. Fischer and Yurchikhin will liftoff April 20 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the Soyuz MS-04 spacecraft for a four and a half month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

jsc2017e040339 (April 7, 2017) --- At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, the Expedition 51 prime and backup crewmembers attend flag-raising ceremonies April 7 as part of their pre-launch activities. From left to right are prime crewmembers Fyodor Yurchikhin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Jack Fischer of NASA and backup crewmembers Sergey Ryazanskiy of Roscosmos and Randy Bresnik of NASA. Yurchikhin and Fischer will launch April 20 on the Soyuz MS-04 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a four and a half month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

Expedition 59 prime crewmembers Christina Koch of NASA, seated left, Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos, and Nick Hague of NASA, seated right, pose for a group photograph with backup crewmembers Drew Morgan of NASA, standing left, Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency, Thursday, March 14, 2019 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Hague, Koch, and Ovchinin launched March 14, U.S. time, on the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station.

. iss068e017175 (Oct. 14, 2022) --- The SpaceX Crew-4 astronauts pose for a portrait in their pressure suits before boarding the Dragon Freedom crew ship, undocking from the International Space Station, and returning to Earth completing a 170-day space research mission. From left are Mission Specialist Jessica Watkins, Pilot Bob Hines, Commander Kjell Lindgren (all three NASA astronauts), and Mission Specialist Samantha Cristoforetti from ESA (European Space Agency).

jsc2019e039429 - In the Integration Building at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 60 crewmembers Drew Morgan of NASA (left), Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos (center) and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures in front of the first stage engines of their Soyuz booster July 16 as part of pre-launch preparations. They will launch July 20 on the Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/GCTC.

Expedition 54 prime crew members flight engineer Norishige Kanai of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), left, Soyuz Commander Anton Shkaplerov of Roscosmos, center, and flight engineer Scott Tingle of NASA, right, pose for a picture with backup crew members of NASA, right, Sergey Prokopev of Roscosmos, center, and Alex Gerst of ESA (European Space Agency), right after donning their Russian Sokol suits in preparation for launch to the International Space Station Sunday, Dec. 17, 2017 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket will send Tingle, Kanai, and Shkaplerov on a five month mission aboard the International Space Station.

Expedition 60 backup crew members Thomas Marshburn of NASA, left, Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos, center, and Soichi Noguchi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), right, pose for a picture on the launch pad as the Soyuz rocket arrives at the launch pad by train, Thursday, July 18, 2019 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 60 Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, flight engineer Andrew Morgan of NASA, and flight engineer Luca Parmitano of ESA (European Space Agency) are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft at 12:28 p.m. Eastern time (9:28 p.m. Baikonur time) , on Saturday, July 20.

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 46-47 backup crewmembers Anatoly Ivanishin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, left), Kate Rubins of NASA (center) and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (right) listen to reporters questions in front of a Soyuz simulator Nov. 19 at the start of qualification exams. They are the backups to the prime crewmembers, Yuri Malenchenko of Roscosmos, Tim Kopra of NASA and Tim Peake of the European Space Agency, who will launch Dec. 15 in the Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Seth Marcantel

Expedition 59 prime crewmembers Christina Koch of NASA, left, Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos, and Nick Hague of NASA, along with backup crewmembers Drew Morgan of NASA, Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos, and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency, right, pose for a group photograph at the conclusion of a press conference, Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Hague, Koch, and Ovchinin will launch March 14, U.S. time, on the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station.

Expedition 43 NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, left, and Russian Cosmonauts Gennady Padalka, center, and Mikhail Kornienko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) take a moment during their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft fit check to pose for a photograph, Sunday, March 15, 2015 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The trio are preparing for launch to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan March 28, Kazakh time. As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016.

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia and with the visage of Yuri Gagarin, the first human to fly in space, looking down on them, Expedition 39/40 Flight Engineer Steve Swanson of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos (center) and Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos (right) field questions from reporters March 5 prior to qualification exams. They are preparing for their launch to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Star City, Russia March 26, Kazakh time, on the Soyuz TMA-12M spacecraft for a six-month mission.NASA/Stephanie Stoll

13-04-23:At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 40/41 Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (left), Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and NASA Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman (right) pose for pictures in their Russian Sokol launch and entry suits in front of their Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft during a dress rehearsal fit check” May 16. The trio will launch from Baikonur on May 29, Kazakh time, for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

From left, commercial crew astronauts Eric Boe, Chris Ferguson and Josh Cassada visit Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida shortly after they were officially assigned to fly on Boeings CST-100 Starliner. Fellow commercial crew astronauts Suni Williams and Nicole Mann also attended the trip to Boeings Commercial Crew and Cargo Processing Facility (C3PF) at KSC and Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station to view progress on the Starliner and the launch pad. Boe, Ferguson and Mann will fly on Starliner in Boeings upcoming Crew Flight Test to the International Space Station (ISS). Cassada and Williams are assigned to Boeings first operational mission to the ISS.

jsc2020e014994 (Nov. 12, 2019) --- The prime Expedition 63 crewmembers pose for a portrait at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. From left are, NASA astronaut and Commander Chris Cassidy and Roscosmos cosmonauts and Flight Engineers Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner.

ISS038-E-054986 (22 Feb. 2014) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (center), Expedition 38 commander; along with NASA astronaut Mike Hopkins (left) and Russian cosmonaut Sergey Ryazanskiy, both flight engineers, pose for a photo in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station.

During a tour of a museum in Baikonur, Kazakhstan June 26, Expedition 48-49 backup crewmembers Thomas Pesquet of the European Space Agency (left), Oleg Novitskiy of Roscosmos (center) and Peggy Whitson of NASA (right) pose for pictures in front of a mural depicting planets. Whitson, Novitskiy and Pesquet are backups to Kate Rubins of NASA, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, who are preparing for launch on July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station.GCTC/Andrei Shelepin

jsc2020e017049 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA (left) and Anatoly Ivanishin (center) and Ivan Vagner (right) of Roscosmos pose for pictures April 8 as they prepare for launch. They will launch April 9 on the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Expedition 58 crew, from left to right, Flight Engineer Anne McClain of NASA, Soyuz Commander Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos, and Flight Engineer David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) are seen just after being helped into their Russian Sokol suits in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket is scheduled for the same day and will carry McClain, Kononenko, and Saint-Jacques into orbit to begin their six and a half month mission on the International Space Station.

jsc2017e043844 (April 14, 2017) --- In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 51 backup crewmembers Randy Bresnik of NASA (bottom) and Sergey Ryazanskiy of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, top) pose for pictures April 14 during a final inspection of the Soyuz MS-04 spacecraft. They are serving as backups to Fyodor Yurchikhin of Roscosmos and Jack Fischer of NASA, who will launch April 20 on the Soyuz MS-04 spacecraft for a four and a half month mission on the International Space Station.

jsc2017e101963 (July 22, 2017) --- In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 52-53 crewmembers Paolo Nespoli of the European Space Agency (left), Sergey Ryazanskiy of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and Randy Bresnik of NASA (right) pose for pictures in front of the first stage engines of the Soyuz booster rocket July 24 as part of their final fit check dress rehearsal. They will launch July 28 aboard the Soyuz MS-05 spacecraft for a five-month mission on the International Space Station.

Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor on June 6, 2002, these four astronauts comprised the prime crew for NASA's STS-111 mission. Astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell (front right) was mission commander, and astronaut Paul S. Lockhart (front left) was pilot. Astronauts Philippe Perrin (rear left), representing the French Space Agency, and Franklin R. Chang-Diaz were mission specialists assigned to extravehicular activity (EVA) work on the International Space Station (ISS). In addition to the delivery and installation of the Mobile Base System (MBS), this crew dropped off the Expedition Five crew members at the orbital outpost, and brought back the Expedition Four trio at mission's end.

The seven-member Expedition 67 crew poses for a portrait inside the International Space Station's Harmony module. Clockwise from bottom are, Roscosmos cosmonauts Commander Oleg Artemyev and Flight Engineer Denis Matveev; NASA Flight Engineers Bob Hines and Kjell Lindgren; Flight Engineer Samantha Cristoforetti of ESA (European Space Agency); Roscosmos Flight Engineer Sergey Korsakov; and NASA Flight Engineer Jessica Watkins.

Expedition 68 Press Conference. Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, left, cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos, along with Expedition 68 backup crewmembers Loral O'Hara of NASA, Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub of Roscosmos, right, are seen in quarantine, behind glass, at the conclusion of a press conference, Tuesday, Sept. 20, 2022, at the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Rubio, Prokopyev, and Petelin are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station aboard the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on Sept. 21.

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 35-36 Flight Engineer Chris Cassidy (right), Soyuz Commander Pavel Vinogradov (center) and Flight Engineer Alexander Misurkin (left) clasp hands for photographers prior to the start of qualification simulation runs in a Soyuz spacecraft mockup March 5. The three crewmembers are training for launch March 29, Kazakh time, to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.NASA / Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 40 Soyuz Commander Maxim Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency, Roscosmos, left and Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman of NASA are seen after being helped into their Russian Sokol suit as the pair and fellow cremate, Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency, ESA, prepare for their Soyuz launch to the International Space Station, on Wednesday, May 28, 2014, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket will send Suraev, Gerst, and Wiseman on a five and a half month mission aboard the International Space Station.

Expedition 55 Soyuz Commander Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos takes a picture with a cell phone after having his Russian Sokol suit pressure checked in preparation for launch aboard the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft, Wednesday, March 21, 2018 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Artemyev and flight engineers Ricky Arnold and Drew Feustel of NASA launched aboard the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft at 1:44 p.m. Eastern time (11:44 p.m. Baikonur time) on March 21 to begin their journey to the International Space Station.

. Date: 03-29-2023Location: Bldg 5, Orion MockupSubject: Artemis II Crew Announcement products and still images of crew in Building 5s Orion Simulator.Photographer: James Blair

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 46-47 prime crewmembers Tim Peake of the European Space Agency (left), Tim Kopra of NASA (center) and Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, right) pose for pictures Nov. 19 at the start of two days of qualification exams. They will launch Dec. 15 in the Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Seth Marcantel

At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, NASA astronaut Frank Rubio (left), Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev (center) and Roscosmos cosmonaut Dmitri Petelin (right) complete training preparations in front of their Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft as they prepare for launch Sept. 21 for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. The Soyuz spacecraft bears the name of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the father” of cosmonautics.

At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 36/37 Flight Engineer Karen Nyberg of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin (center) and Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency (right) pose for pictures in front of their Soyuz TMA-09M spacecraft May 24 as they complete the second fit check” dress rehearsal in advance of their launch. Nyberg , Yurchikhin and Parmitano are preparing for launch May 29, Kazakh time, in the Soyuz to begin a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

iss059e000141 (March 15, 2019) --- The newly-expanded Expedition 59 crew gathers inside the International Space Station's Zvezda service module as its three newest members speak with family, friends and mission officials who offered congratulations on a successful launch and docking. Front row, from left are new Flight Engineers Nick Hague, Alexey Ovchinin and Christina Koch. In the back, from left are Flight Engineer Anne McClain, Commander Oleg Kononenko and Flight Engineer David Saint-Jacques.

jsc2019e038388 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 60 backup crwewmembers Soichi Noguchi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (left), Sergey Ryzhikov of Roscosmos (center) and Tom Marshburn of NASA (right) pose for pictures July 5 in front of the Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft during pre-launch preparations. They are the backups to Drew Morgan of NASA, Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency, who will launch July 20 on the Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/GCTC.

Expedition 37 NASA Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins, far left, Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov, Russian Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy, backup crewmembers Steve Swanson of NASA, Alexander Skvortsov of Russia and Oleg Artemyev of Russia, far right, are seen posing for a photo following a press conference held at the Cosmonaut Hotel, on Tuesday, Sept. 24, 2013, in Baikonur, Kazakhstan.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - NASA astronauts tour the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and view the Orion forward bay cover for Exploration Flight Test-1. From left, are Jack Fischer, Scott Tingle, Katie Rubins and Mark Vande Hei.Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of Orion is scheduled to launch in 2014 atop a United Launch Alliance Delta IV rocket and in 2018 on NASAs Space Launch System rocket.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside space shuttle Discovery, STS-120 Mission Specialists Paolo Nespoli, Daniel Tani and Scott Parazynski have been taking part in a simulated launch countdown, culmination of the prelaunch terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT. Nespoli represents the European Space Agency. The TCDT at NASA's Kennedy Space Center provides astronauts and ground crews an opportunity to participate in various launch preparation activities, including equipment familiarization and emergency training. The STS-120 mission will deliver the U.S. Node 2 module, named Harmony, aboard space shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station. Discovery is targeted to launch on its 14-day mission at 11:38 a.m. EDT on Oct. 23.

ISS039-E-011174 (11 April 2014) --- Inside the Zvezda service module on the Earth-orbiting International Space Station, the six Expedition 39 crew members face the camera during a call with Russian President Vladimir Putin. From left to right are NASA astronauts Rick Mastracchio and Steve Swanson, both flight engineers; Commander Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and cosmonauts Alexander Skvortsov, Mikhail Tyurin and Oleg Artemyev, all flight engineers with Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos).

jsc2018e097299 - In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 58 crewmembers Anne McClain of NASA (left), Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos (center) and David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency (right) pose for pictures Nov. 20 in front of their Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft during a vehicle fit check. They will launch Dec. 3 on the Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

15-15-24-35:Keeping with tradition, the Expedition 40/41 crew affixes the stickers bearing their crew insignias to the cabin of the plane that carried them May 15 to the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for final pre-launch training. Flight Engineer Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency (left), Soyuz Commander Max Suraev of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos, center) and NASA Flight Engineer Reid Wiseman (right) will launch May 29, Kazakh time, in their Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft from Baikonur for a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

The prime and backup Expedition 37/38 crewmembers pose for pictures in front of the first stage engines of the Soyuz booster rocket in the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan Sept. 20. From left to right are backup Flight Engineer Oleg Artemyev, prime Flight Engineer Michael Hopkins of NASA, prime Soyuz Commander Oleg Kotov, prime Flight Engineer Sergey Ryazanskiy, backup So6yuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov and backup Flight Engineer Steve Swanson of NASA. Hopkins, Kotov and Ryazanskiy completed a final fit check” inspection of their Soyuz TMA-10M spacecraft, preparing for launch Sept. 26, Kazakh time, to begin a five and a half month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia outside Moscow, Expedition 29 Flight Engineer Dan Burbank of NASA (left), Soyuz Commander Anton Shkaplerov (center) and Flight Engineer Anatoly Ivanishin take a break from their training August 25, 2011 as they prepare for their launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in their Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft for a six-month stint on the International Space Station.

At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 59 crewmember Nick Hague of NASA works inside the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft Feb. 27 during pre-launch training. Hague, Christina Koch of NASA and Alexey Ovchinin of Roscosmos will launch March 14, U.S. time, on the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station.NASA/Victor Zelentsov

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