Laboratory Research in Clean Rooms

Images depict scientists in clean room environments, engaging with high-tech equipment, such as microscopes and fluid experiment racks, showcasing a focused research atmosphere.

Scientists working in laboratory of science center

Stardust sample analysis @ UC Berkeley clean room - mission samples provided to UC Berkeley for analysis by NASA Berkeley researcher Chris Snead working with sample encased in aerogel

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronauts are getting first-hand experience with the fluid experiment rack of the Japanese Experiment Module, or JEM, part of the mission payload to the International Space Station. Seen here at right is Sandra Magnus who will join the Expedition 17 crew on the International Space Station in 2008 after the arrival of the JEM. The JEM comprises six components: two research facilities -- the Pressurized Module and Exposed Facility; a Logistics Module attached to each of them; a Remote Manipulator System; and an Inter-Orbit Communication System unit. The various components of JEM will be assembled in space over the course of three Space Shuttle missions. The first of those three missions, STS-123, will carry the Experiment Logistics Module Pressurized Section aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, targeted for launch in February 2008.

Scientists working in laboratory of science center

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-98 Mission Specialist Robert Curbeam (left), Commander Ken Cockrell (center) and Mission Specialist Marsha Ivins (right) look over the U.S. Lab Destiny in the payload bay of the orbiter Atlantis. Behind Ivins is Scott Thurston, of the VITT office. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. A key element in the construction of the International Space Station, Destiny is a pressurized module designed to accommodate pressurized payloads. It has a capacity of 24 rack locations. Payload racks will occupy 13 locations especially designed to support experiments. The module already has five system racks installed inside. Launch of STS-98 on its 11-day mission is scheduled for Jan. 19 at 2 11 a.m. EST

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In Astrotech's Hazardous Processing Facility, technicians check data during the loading of xenon for the ion propulsion system in the Dawn spacecraft. Dawn's mission is to explore two of the asteroid belt's most intriguing and dissimilar occupants: asteroid Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres. The Dawn spacecraft uses ion propulsion to get the additional velocity needed to reach Vesta once it leaves the Delta rocket. It also uses ion propulsion to spiral to lower altitudes on Vesta, to leave Vesta and cruise to Ceres and to spiral to a low-altitude orbit at Ceres. Ion propulsion makes efficient use of the onboard fuel by accelerating it to a velocity 10 times that of chemical rockets. Dawn is scheduled to launch July 7aboard a Delta II rocket from Launch Complex 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Inside the air lock in the Space Station Processing Facility, a technician points out equipment to cosmonaut Yury Usachev (right), who is part of the Expedition Two crew going to the International Space Station. Usachev and other crew members astronauts Susan Helms and James Voss will be flying on mission STS-102, launching March 8. The air lock will be carried to the Station during their tenure in space. STS-102 will be Helms and Vosss fifth Shuttle flight, and Usachevs second. They will be replacing the Expedition One crew (Bill Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev), who will return to Earth March 20 on Discovery along with the STS-102 crew

In the Space Station Processing Facility, workers at left watch while members of the STS-98 crew check out equipment inside the U.S. Lab, Destiny (at right). The crew comprises Commander Ken Cockrell, Pilot Mark Polansky and Mission Specialists Robert Curbeam, Thomas Jones and Marsha Ivins. They are taking part in Crew Equipment Interface Test activities, becoming familiar with equipment they will be handling during the mission. The mission will be transporting the Lab to the International Space Station with five system racks already installed inside of the module. With delivery of electronics in the lab, electrically powered attitude control for Control Moment Gyroscopes will be activated. The STS-98 launch is scheduled for Jan. 18, 2001

Stardust Photo documentation of Stardust Sample Return and Tray Separation at bldg 31, Stardust laboratory at JSC. The JSC Curation Team begins work with sample containers.

STS-130 TCDT - PAYLOAD BAY WALKDOWN

VANDENBERG AFB, Calif. - Engineers prepare to install a radial retraction system on NASA's IRIS spacecraft after its connection to the nose of an Orbital Sciences Pegasus XL rocket that will lift the solar observatory into orbit in June. The work is taking place in a hangar at Vandenberg Air Force Base where IRIS, short for Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, is being prepared for launch on a Pegasus XL rocket. Scheduled for launch from Vandenberg June 26, IRIS will open a new window of discovery by tracing the flow of energy and plasma through the chromospheres and transition region into the suns corona using spectrometry and imaging. IRIS fills a crucial gap in our ability to advance studies of the sun-to-Earth connection by tracing the flow of energy and plasma through the foundation of the corona and the region around the sun known as the heliosphere.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At NASAs Hangar AE on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Fla., technicians attach the base petals of a transportation canister around the bottom of the payload attach fitting on the Swift spacecraft. Swift is a first-of-its-kind multi-wavelength observatory dedicated to the study of gamma-ray burst (GRB) science. Its three instruments will work together to observe GRBs and afterglows in the gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet and optical wavebands. Swift is expected to observe more than 200 gamma-ray bursts - the most comprehensive study of GRB afterglows to date - during its 2-year mission. Swift is scheduled to launch in mid-November from Launch Pad 17-A at CCAFS.

The engineering mockup of the Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM) module is currently on display within the press building at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The RRM mission is a joint effort between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency designed to demonstrate and test the tools, technologies, and techniques needed to robotically refuel satellites in space. Reporters have the opportunity to get a close-up view of the replica module and tools that are a part of the final shuttle mission payload.SSCO engineers test an RRM tool.

Scientist in ppe suit placing a slide on specimen stage

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At right are STS-120 Mission Specialists Scott Parazynski (background) and Doug Wheelock (foreground), looking over the primary payload for the mission: the U.S. Node 2, another element to be added to the International Space Station. Node 2 will provide a passageway between three station science experiment facilities: the U.S. Destiny Laboratory, the Kibo Japanese Experiment Module, and the European Columbus Laboratory. STS-120 is targeted for launch on Sept. 7 with a crew of six, including Commander Pam Melroy, Pilot George Zamka, and Mission Specialist Mike Foreman.

In the high bay of Kennedy Space Center's Space Station Processing Facility, Chris Hardcastle, left, of Stinger-Ghaffarian Technologies performs a sharp edge inspection of the integrated Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) payload and the EXPRESS Pallet Adapter. Hardcastle is joined by Dwayne Swieter, right, a TSIS-1 payload team member from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, a Research Institute at the University of Colorado (Boulder). TSIS-1 is designed to measure the Sun's energy input into Earth by seeing how it is distributed across different wavelengths of light. These measurements help scientists establish Earth's total energy and how our planet's atmosphere responds to changes in the Sun's energy output. TSIS-1 will launch on SpaceX's 13th commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station.

Kepler project; technicians from Ball Aerospace work on and in the test chamber assembled at Nasa Ames Research center testing components

Woman working in a clean room unit

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, the mission STS-120 crew members are getting familiar with the Node 2, another element to be added to the International Space Station. Seen here is Mission Specialist Douglas H. Wheelock. Node 2 will provide a passageway between three station science experiment facilities: the U.S. Destiny Laboratory, the Kibo Japanese Experiment Module, and the European Columbus Laboratory. STS-120 is targeted for launch on October 20.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Fla., a worker adjusts the star tracker sun shades installed on NASA's Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope, or GLAST, spacecraft. The GLAST is a powerful space observatory that will explore the Universe's ultimate frontier, where nature harnesses forces and energies far beyond anything possible on Earth; probe some of science's deepest questions, such as what our Universe is made of, and search for new laws of physics; explain how black holes accelerate jets of material to nearly light speed; and help crack the mystery of stupendously powerful explosions known as gamma-ray bursts. A launch date is still to be determined.

Team of scientists working together with smoking blue solution

Stardust sample analysis @ UC Berkeley clean room with Dr Scott Sandford, NASA Ames Astrophysicist - mission samples provided to UC Berkeley for analysis by NASABerkeley researcher Zack Gainsforth working with sample encased in aerogel

Tissue engineering laboratory

Technicians with Orbital ATK check out the micro satellites deployment module for NASAs Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) in Building 1555 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. CYGNSS is being prepared at Vandenberg, and then will be transported to NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard the Orbital ATK Pegasus XL rocket which will be attached to the Orbital ATK L-1011 carrier aircraft. CYGNSS will launch on the Pegasus XL rocket from the Skid Strip at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. CYGNSS will make frequent and accurate measurements of ocean surface winds throughout the life cycle of tropical storms and hurricanes. The data that CYGNSS provides will enable scientists to probe key air-sea interaction processes that take place near the core of storms, which are rapidly changing and play a critical role in the beginning and intensification of hurricanes.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut Tracy Caldwell (left) assists technicians install the Pump Flow Control Subsystem (PFCS) onto the upper deck of the S6 Truss. The PFCS pumps and controls the liquid ammonia used to cool the various Orbital Replacement Units on the Integrated Equipment Assembly that make up the S6 Photo-Voltaic Power Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The fourth starboard truss segment, the S6 Truss measures 112 feet long by 39 feet wide. Its solar arrays are mounted on a blanket” that can be folded like an accordion for delivery to the ISS. Once in orbit, astronauts will deploy the blankets to their full size. When completed, the Station's electrical power system (EPS) will use eight photovoltaic solar arrays to convert sunlight to electricity. Delivery of the S6 Truss, the last power module truss segment, is targeted for mission STS-119.

Cape Canaveral, Fla. - At the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver, left, is shown NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover known as Curiosity. Benjamin Thoma, the MSL Assembly, Test and Launch Operations mechanical lead, is talking to Garver about the spacecraft and mission. In the background is the spacecraft's descent stage. A United Launch Alliance Atlas V-541 configuration will be used to loft MSL into space. Curiositys 10 science instruments are designed to search for evidence on whether Mars has had environments favorable to microbial life, including chemical ingredients for life. The unique rover will use a laser to look inside rocks and release its gasses so that the rovers spectrometer can analyze and send the data back to Earth. MSL is scheduled to launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida Nov. 25 with a window extending to Dec. 18 and arrival at Mars Aug. 2012.

Technicians and scientists check out one of the Webb telescope's first two flight mirrors in the clean room at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.

Kepler project; technicians from Ball Aerospace work on and in the test chamber assembled at Nasa Ames Research center testing components

Portrait of a boy in workwear in a laboratory

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Mission specialist Kathryn "Kay" Hire, at left, a crew member on space shuttle Endeavour's STS-130 mission, photographs the interior of the Tranquility Node 3 module in the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Assisting her, at right, is Chris Hardcastle, an STS-130 flight crew representative with United Space Alliance.Tranquility is a pressurized module that will provide room for many of the International Space Station's life support systems. Attached to the node is a cupola, a unique work station with six windows on its sides and one on top. Tranquility is the payload for the STS-130 mission. The module was built for the European Space Agency by Alenia Spazio in Turin, Italy. Cupola resembles a circular bay window that will provide a vastly improved view of the station's exterior. Just under 10 feet in diameter, the module will accommodate two crew members and portable workstations that can control station and robotic a

Press tour as part of SPIN2030, a campaign to highlight the diversity, excellence and attractiveness of Saxony as a centre of science. Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS in Chemnitz, wafer research

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. - In the mobile service tower at Space Launch Complex 2 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, technicians are inspecting the NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, or OCO-2, satellite. The task is taking place prior to encapsulation in its payload fairing atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket. Launch is scheduled for 2:56 a.m. PDT 5:56 a.m. EDT on July 1.OCO-2 is NASAs first mission dedicated to studying atmospheric carbon dioxide, the leading human-produced greenhouse gas driving changes in Earths climate. OCO-2 will provide a new tool for understanding the human and natural sources of carbon dioxide emissions and the natural "sinks" that absorb carbon dioxide and help control its buildup. The observatory will measure the global geographic distribution of these sources and sinks and study their changes over time.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the mobile service tower on Launch Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, workers remove the lower segments of the transportation canister away from the Dawn spacecraft. After removal of the canister, Dawn will be mated with the waiting Delta II rocket. Dawn is scheduled for launch in a window from 7:25 to 7:54 a.m. EDT Sept. 26 from CCAFS. During its nearly decade-long mission, the Dawn mission will study the asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres, celestial bodies believed to have accreted early in the history of the solar system. To carry out its scientific mission, the Dawn spacecraft will carry a visible camera, a visible and infrared mapping spectrometer, and a gamma ray and neutron spectrometer, whose data will be used in combination to characterize these bodies. In addition to the three instruments, radiometric and optical navigation data will provide data relating to the gravity field and thus bulk properties and internal structure

Cape Canaveral, Fla. - NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver, facing camera, and NASA Chief Scientist Waleed Abalati listen as Ben Thoma, the MSL Assembly, Test and Launch Operations mechanical lead, discusses the NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover known as Curiosity at the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Waleed Abalati, right, also took part in the tour. The backshell carries the parachute and several components used during later stages of entry, descent and landing. A United Launch Alliance Atlas V-541 configuration will be used to loft MSL into space. Curiositys 10 science instruments are designed to search for evidence on whether Mars has had environments favorable to microbial life, including chemical ingredients for life. The unique rover will use a laser to look inside rocks and release its gasses so that the rovers spectrometer can analyze and send the data back to Earth. MSL is scheduled to launch from Cape Canaveral

Western scientists couple using hologram tablet with copy space to develop vaccine of covid-19 virus in lab or laboratory in technology medical, chemistry, healthcare, research. Experimental science

In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-92 Mission Specialist Jeff Wisoff practices removing a wire harness from the Pressurized Mating Adapter-3, part of the payload on the STS-92 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). STS-92 is targeted for launch in December 1999. Other crew members visiting KSC are Commander Brian Duffy and Mission Specialists Koichi Wakata, Leroy Chiao, Michael Lopez-Alegria and Bill McArthur. STS-92 is the fourth U.S. flight for construction of the International Space Station. The payload also includes an integrated truss structure

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - From left, Jim Smodell, a technician with SGT, and George Guerra, a quality control engineer with QinetiQ North America, review procedures for removing the plant pillows containing the outredgeous red lettuce leaves from the Veggie plant growth system inside the International Space Station Environmental Simulator chamber at the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The growth chamber was used as a control unit and procedures were followed identical to those being performed on Veggie and the Veg-01 experiment on the International Space Station.The chamber mimicked the temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration of those in the Veggie unit on the space station. Veggie and Veg-01 were delivered to the space station aboard the SpaceX-3 mission. Veggie is the first fresh food production system delivered to the station. Six plant pillows, each containing outredgeous red romaine lettuce seeds and a root mat we

NOAA's Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, remains wrapped in a protective covering after removal from its shipping container at the Astrotech Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Technicians confirm that the spacecraft is secured onto a payload attach fitting. JPSS-1 will liftoff aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex-2. JPSS-1 is the first in a series of four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between NOAA and NASA.

DUAL ION SPECTROMETER (DIS) ENGINEERING TEST UNIT (ETU) AT THE LOW ENERGY ELECTRON AND ION FACILITY (LEEIF), NSSTC

During a Multi-Equipment Interface Test (MEIT) in the U.S. Lab Destiny, which is in the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut James Voss (left) joins STS-98 Pilot Mark Polansky (center) and Commander Kenneth D. Cockrell (right) in checking wiring against documentation on the floor. Also participating in the MEIT is Mission Specialist Thomas D. Jones (Ph.D.). Voss is assigned to mission STS-102 as part of the second crew to occupy the International Space Station. During the STS-98 mission, the crew will install the Lab on the station during a series of three space walks. The mission will provide the station with science research facilities and expand its power, life support and control capabilities. The U.S. Laboratory Module continues a long tradition of microgravity materials research, first conducted by Skylab and later Shuttle and Spacelab missions. Destiny is expected to be a major feature in future research, providing facilities for biotechnology, fluid physics, combustion,

GRAIL Solar Array Test

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. -- At Vandenberg Air Force Base's Astrotech processing facility in California, technicians prepare to mate the flight conical adapter and soft ride to the test payload attach fitting clampband on the spacecraft test stand. The satellite will survey the entire sky at infrared wavelengths, creating a cosmic clearinghouse of hundreds of millions of objects, which will be catalogued, providing a vast storehouse of knowledge about the solar system, the Milky Way, and the universe. Launch is scheduled no earlier than Dec. 7.

Technician in cleanroom examining sample

Tissue engineering laboratory

Engineers and technicians at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida prepare to install the radiator for the Mass Spectrometer Observing Lunar Operations (MSolo) instrument inside the Space Station Processing Facility on Sept. 25, 2020. MSolo will help analyze the chemical makeup of landing sites on the Moon, as well as study water on the lunar surface. The radiator will help keep the instruments temperature stable in the extreme heat and cold it will encounter. MSolo instruments are scheduled to launch on multiple robotic missions as part of NASAs Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), with the first of these missions exploring Lacus Mortis, a large crater on the near side of the Moon, beginning in 2021. MSolo also will be one of three instruments on the agencys water-hunting Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover, VIPER, scheduled to launch to the Moons South Pole in late 2023.

STS-133 EXPCA4 Lift to Work Stand

Germany, Female technician surveilling test in optical clean room unit

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A Boeing technician in Hangar AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Florida attaches two of the lower segments of the payload transfer canister being installed around the plastic-wrapped Swift spacecraft. The launch of the Swift observatory, a NASA spacecraft to pinpoint the location of gamma-ray bursts, is scheduled for Nov. 17 from Pad 17-A on CCAFS. Liftoff aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket is targeted at the opening of a one-hour launch window beginning at 12 09 p.m. EST. Gamma-ray bursts are distant, yet fleeting explosions that appear to signal the births of black holes. They are the most powerful explosions known in the universe, emitting more than 100 billion times the energy that the Sun emits in a year. Yet they last only from a few milliseconds to a few minutes, never to appear in the same spot again.

Tissue engineering laboratory

Chemist checking the quality of bathroom supplies

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-113 Mission Specialists John Herrington (left) and Michael Lopez-Alegria (right) look over the P1 Integrated Truss Structure, the primary payload for the mission. The P1 truss will be attached to the central truss segment, S0 Truss, during spacewalks. The payload also includes the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart B that can be used by spacewalkers to move along the truss with equipment. STS-113 is scheduled to launch Oct. 6, 2002

Scientist sitting in analytical laboratory with scanning electron microscope and spectrometer

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-116 Mission Specialist Christer Fuglesang (right) (European Space Agency) practices using a tool that is part of the equipment for the mission. He joined STS-118 crew members for the familiarization activities in the Space Station Processing Facility. The STS-116 mission will deliver the third port truss segment, the P5 Truss, to attach to the second port truss segment, the P3/P4 Truss. The STS-118 mission will be delivering and installing the third starboard truss segment, the ITS S5, to the International Space Station, and carry a SPACEHAB Single Cargo Module with supplies and equipment. Launch dates for both missions are under review.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In the Payload Changeout Room on Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, members of the STS-129 crew, dressed in clean room attire known as "bunny suits," take time out from their payload familiarization training for a group portrait. From left are Pilot Barry E. Wilmore and Mission Specialist Randy Bresnik on the top row; and Mission Specialists Robert L. Satcher Jr., Leland Melvin and Mike Foreman; and Commander Charles O. Hobaugh on the bottom row.The training affords the crew an opportunity to observe the placement of the Express Logistics Carriers 1 and 2 in space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay before launch. The six astronauts for space shuttle Atlantis STS-129 mission came to Kennedy to participate in their launch dress rehearsal, the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test. Additional training associated with the test was done last month, but the simulated countdown was postponed because of a scheduling conflict with the launch of NASA

VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, CALIF. - Inside Orbital Sciences Building 1555 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, workers clean and prepare the fairing to be installed around the Space Technology 5 (ST5) spacecraft. The ST5 contains three microsatellites with miniaturized redundant components and technologies. Each will validate New Millennium Program selected technologies, such as the Cold Gas Micro-Thruster and X-Band Transponder Communication System. After deployment from the Pegasus, the micro-satellites will be positioned in a “string of pearls” constellation that demonstrates the ability to position them to perform simultaneous multi-point measurements of the magnetic field using highly sensitive magnetometers. The data will help scientists understand and map the intensity and direction of the Earths magnetic field, its relation to space weather events, and affects on our planet. With such missions, NASA hopes to improve scientists ability to accurately forecast space

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-102 Mission Specialist Andrew S.W. Thomas practices using a tool on the Early Ammonia Servicer while Mission Specialist Paul W. Richards (left) looks on. Thomas, Richards and other crew members are at SPACEHAB to get acquainted with tools and equipment they will be using on their mission to the International Space Station. The second spacewalk of the mission will require the crew to transfer the Early Ammonia Servicer to the P6 truss. STS-102 is the 8th construction flight to the International Space Station and will carry the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. On that flight, Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module Destiny. The mission will also be carrying the Expedition Two crew to the Space Station, replacing the Expedition One crew who will return on Shuttle Discovery. STS-102 is scheduled for launch March 8, 2001

Stardust sample analysis @ UC Berkeley clean room with Dr Scott Sandford, NASA Ames Astrophysicist - mission samples provided to UC Berkeley for analysis by NASA Berkeley researcher Zack Gainsforth working with sample encased in aerogel

Press tour as part of SPIN2030, a campaign to highlight the diversity, excellence and attractiveness of Saxony as a centre of science. Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS in Chemnitz, wafer research

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-127 crew members get a close look at the payload in space shuttle Endeavour's payload bay. The payload includes the Japanese Experiment Module's Exposed Facility, or JEM-EF and the Experiment Logistics Module-Exposed Section, or ELM-ES. The astronauts are at Kennedy to prepare for launch through Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes equipment familiarization and a simulated launch countdown. Endeavour's STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex on the International Space Station. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13.

Inside the air lock in the Space Station Processing Facility, a technician points to part of the equipment. Watching her are (left to right) cosmonaut Yury Usachev (back to camera), astronaut Susan Helms (seated), astronauts James Voss and John Young, who flew on mission STS-1. Voss, Helms and Usachev will be flying on mission STS-102, launching March 8, to the International Space Station. The air lock will be carried to the Station during their tenure in space. STS-102 will be Helms and Vosss fifth Shuttle flight, and Usachevs second. They will be replacing the Expedition One crew (Bill Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev), who will return to Earth March 20 on Discovery along with the STS-102 crew

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - On Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, STS-127 crew members get a close look at the payload in space shuttle Endeavour's payload bay. At right is Mission Specialist Dave Wolf. The payload includes the Japanese Experiment Module's Exposed Facility, or JEM-EF, and the Experiment Logistics Module-Exposed Section, or ELM-ES. The astronauts are at Kennedy to prepare for launch through Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. The TCDT includes equipment familiarization and a simulated launch countdown. Endeavour's STS-127 mission is the final of three flights dedicated to the assembly of the Japanese Kibo laboratory complex on the International Space Station. Endeavour's launch is targeted for June 13.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Orbiter Processing Facility, technicians get ready to remove another Materials International Space Station Experiments, or MISSE, from a shipping container. The MISSE is part of the payload onboard space shuttle Endeavour for mission STS-123. It will be installed in Endeavour's payload bay. The MISSE project is a NASA/Langley Research Center-managed cooperative endeavor to fly materials and other types of space exposure experiments on the International Space Station. The objective is to develop early, low-cost, non-intrusive opportunities to conduct critical space exposure tests of space materials and components planned for use on future spacecraft.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - From left, Jim Smodell, a technician with SGT, and George Guerra, a quality control engineer with QinetiQ North America, prepare to remove the plant pillows containing the outredgeous red lettuce leaves from the Veggie plant growth system inside the International Space Station Environmental Simulator chamber at the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The growth chamber was used as a control unit and procedures were followed identical to those being performed on Veggie and the Veg-01 experiment on the International Space Station.The chamber mimicked the temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration of those in the Veggie unit on the space station. Veggie and Veg-01 were delivered to the space station aboard the SpaceX-3 mission. Veggie is the first fresh food production system delivered to the station. Six plant pillows, each containing outredgeous red romaine lettuce seeds and a root mat were inserted i

Inside a laboratory in the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, quality technicians check the hardware for the Advanced Plant Habitat flight unit. The flight unit is an exact replica of the APH that was delivered to the International Space Station. Validation tests and post-delivery checkout was performed to prepare for space station in-orbit APH activities. The flight unit will be moved to the International Space Station Environmental Simulator to begin an experiment verification test for the science that will fly on the first mission, PH-01. Developed by NASA and ORBITEC of Madison, Wisconsin, the APH is the largest plant chamber built for the agency. It is a fully automated plant growth facility that will be used to conduct bioscience research on the space station.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Fla., workers install another of the star tracker sun shades on NASA's Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope, or GLAST, spacecraft. The GLAST is a powerful space observatory that will explore the Universe's ultimate frontier, where nature harnesses forces and energies far beyond anything possible on Earth; probe some of science's deepest questions, such as what our Universe is made of, and search for new laws of physics; explain how black holes accelerate jets of material to nearly light speed; and help crack the mystery of stupendously powerful explosions known as gamma-ray bursts. A launch date is still to be determined.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Astrotech, an engineer from Dutch Space examines the repair in process of damage made to the solar array panel on the Dawn spacecraft. The damage occurred on June 11 from a technician's tool during a procedure to prepare Dawn for spin-balance testing.The size of the affected area is about 2.5 inches by 2 inches. There is no impact to the launch date of July 7. Dawn's goal is to characterize the conditions and processes of the solar system's earliest epoch 4.5 billion years ago by investigating in detail two of the largest asteroids, Ceres and Vesta. They reside between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.

Technician Using Microscope for Quality Control

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-128 crew members look over packages of equipment that will accompany the mission. At center (with the red cap) is Commander Rick Sturckow; to his left is Mission Specialist José Hernandez. The STS-128 flight will carry science and storage racks to the International Space Station on space shuttle Discovery. Launch of Discovery is targeted for Aug. 6.

Kepler project; technicians from Ball Aerospace work on and in the test chamber assembled at Nasa Ames Research center testing components

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Members of the STS-92 crew inspect part of the payload (left) in Space Shuttle Discoverys payload bay. From left, they are Mission Specialists William S. McArthur Jr., Peter J.K. “Jeff” Wisoff and Leroy Chiao; Commander Brian Duffy is behind them. They and other crew members Pilot Pamela Ann Melroy and Mission Specialists Koichi Wakata of Japan and Michael E. Lopez-Alegria are preparing for launch on Oct. 5, 2000. The mission is the fifth flight for the construction of the International Space Station. The payload includes the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1 and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter. During the 11-day mission, four extravehicular activities (EVAs), or space walks, are planned

Matt Johnson, CAPSTONE lead systems engineer, bottom, Dustin Holta, launch engineer, right, and Rebecca Rogers, systems engineer, background, with the CAPSTONE spacecraft stowed in its dispenser at Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., in Irvine, California.

LCROSS flight hardware in clean room at Ames N-240. EEL personnel fabricating & assembling components with Glen Sasaki of Ames, Engineering Evaluation lab

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-126 crew participate in a crew equipment interface test, or CEIT. Here, from left, Commander Chris Ferguson, Mission Specialists Sandra Magnus and Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, and Pilot Eric Boe are dressed in clean room attire for a walkthrough of the multi-purpose logistics module. The CEIT provides hands-on experience with hardware and equipment slated to fly on their mission. Endeavour will deliver a multi-purpose logistics module to the International Space Station on the STS-126 mission. Launch is targeted for Nov. 10.

The 1st Area Medical Laboratory Mad Scientists opened their headquarters on Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, May 3 - 5. The open house highlighted the U.S. Armys sole mobile laboratory that performs surveillance, laboratory testing and health hazard assessments of environmental, occupational, endemic disease and Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives (CBRNE) threats to support force protection and Weapons of Mass Destruction missions. U.S. Army photo by Andrew D. Monath.

U.S. AIR FORCE ACADEMY, Colo. - U.S Air Force Academy cadets Harmont Grenier (right), Blake Harrison (center), and Wade Lawrie (left), perform payload checkout operations on FalconSAT-X in the Academys Space Systems Research Center clean room, March 30, 2022. (U.S. Air Force photo/Joshua Armstrong)

LCROSS flight hardware in clean room at Ames N-240. EEL personnel fabricating & assembling components with Glen Sasaki of Ames, Engineering Evaluation lab

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronauts familiarize themselves with hardware and modules to be flown on upcoming shuttle flights. In the front is Peggy Whitson, looking at the Japanese remote manipulator system, part of the payload on a 2008 mission. With construction of the Space Station the primary focus of future shuttle missions, astronaut crews will be working with one or more of the elements and hardware already being processed in the SSPF.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility -2 (SAEF-2), two JPL workers measure a Mars microprobe. Two microprobes will hitchhike on the Mars Polar Lander, scheduled to be launched Jan. 3, 1999, aboard a Delta II rocket. The solar-powered spacecraft is designed to touch down on the Martian surface near the northern-most boundary of the south pole in order to study the water cycle there. The lander also will help scientists learn more about climate change and current resources on Mars, studying such things as frost, dust, water vapor and condensates in the Martian atmosphere. The Mars microprobes, called Deep Space 2, are part of NASA's New Millennium Program. They will complement the climate-related scientific focus of the lander by demonstrating an advanced, rugged microlaser system for detecting subsurface water. Such data on polar subsurface water, in the form of ice, should help put limits on scientific projections for the global abundance o

NaMLab GmbH

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-122 crew members inspect the Columbus European Laboratory, part of the payload on their mission. Here, Mission Specialist Rex Walheim closely examines a component of the laboratory. The crew is participating in a crew equipment interface test that provides opportunities for hands-on experience with payloads and equipment. The other crew members are Commander Steve Frick, Pilot Alan Poindexter and Mission Specialists Stan Love, Leland Melvin and Hans Schlegel, who represents the European Space Agency. The 24th mission to the International Space Station, STS-122 will also include the Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure - Non-Deployable (MPESS-ND). Launch of STS-122 on Space Shuttle Discovery is scheduled no earlier than October.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-120 Mission Specialists Piers Sellers and Michael Foreman look at the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Pressurized Module located in the Space Station Processing Facility. Known as Kibo, the JEM consists of six components: two research facilities -- the Pressurized Module and Exposed Facility; a Logistics Module attached to each of them; a Remote Manipulator System; and an Inter-Orbit Communication System unit. Kibo also has a scientific airlock through which experiments are transferred and exposed to the external environment of space. The various components of JEM will be assembled in space over the course of three Space Shuttle missions. The STS-120 mission will deliver the second of three Station connecting modules, Node 2, which attaches to the end of U.S. Lab. It will provide attach locations for the JEM, European laboratory, the Centrifuge Accommodation Module and later Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules. The addition of Node 2 will complete the U

Town Hall Meeting and Tours with the Associate Administrator, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a bench review in the Space Station Processing Facility, astronauts get a close look at hardware they will be taking into and using in orbit. At left are Garrett Reisman (foreground) and Koichi Wakata; practicing with the equipment is Tim Kopra. Reisman will join the Expedition 16 crew on the International Space Station in 2008, flying on mission STS-123. Wakata, with the Japanese Aerospace and Exploration Agency, will join the Expedition 18 crew in 2008, flying on mission STS-126. Kopra is backup for Reisman.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata (right) works with a tray extended from inside the Pressurized Module, or PM, part of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). The PM provides a shirt-sleeve environment in which astronauts on the International Space Station can conduct microgravity experiments. There are a total of 23 racks, including 10 experiment racks, inside the PM providing a power supply, communications, air conditioning, hardware cooling, water control and experiment support functions.

At Launch Complex 40 on Cape Canaveral Air Station, workers are installing three Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) on the Cassini spacecraft. RTGs are lightweight, compact spacecraft electrical power systems that have flown successfully on 23 previous U.S. missions over the past 37 years. These generators produce power by converting heat into electrical energy; the heat is provided by the natural radioactive decay of plutonium-238 dioxide, a non-weapons-grade material. RTGs enable spacecraft to operate at significant distances from the Sun where solar power systems would not be feasible. Cassini will travel two billion miles to reach Saturn and another 1.1 billion miles while in orbit around Saturn. Cassini is undergoing final preparations for liftoff on a Titan IVB/Centaur launch vehicle, with the launch window opening at 4:55 a.m. EDT, Oct. 13

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-102 Mission Specialist Andrew S.W. Thomas practices using a tool on the Early Ammonia Servicer under the watchful eyes of a technician. Thomas and other crew members are at SPACEHAB to get acquainted with tools and equipment they will be using on their mission to the International Space Station. The second spacewalk of the mission will require the crew to transfer the Early Ammonia Servicer to the P6 truss. STS-102 is the 8th construction flight to the Space Station and will carry the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. On that flight, Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module Destiny. The mission will also be carrying the Expedition Two crew to the Space Station, replacing the Expedition One crew who will return on Shuttle Discovery. STS-102 is scheduled for launch March 8, 2001

Inside the Space Station Processing Facility high bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, technicians prepare the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer, or NICER, payload for final packaging. NICER will be delivered to the International Space Station aboard the SpaceX Dragon cargo carrier on the companys 11th commercial resupply services mission to the space station. NICER will study neutron stars through soft X-ray timing. NICER will enable rotation-resolved spectroscopy of the thermal and non-thermal emissions of neutron stars in the soft X-ray band with unprecedented sensitivity, probing interior structure, the origins of dynamic phenomena and the mechanisms that underlie the most powerful cosmic particle accelerators known.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-122 crew members take a ride inside space shuttle Atlantis' payload bay to examine components installed there. Seen here are Mission Specialists Leland Melvin (center) and Rex Walheim (right). The crew is at Kennedy Space Center to take part in a crew equipment interface test, which includes equipment familiarization. The mission will carry and install the Columbus Lab, a multifunctional, pressurized laboratory that will be permanently attached to Node 2 of the space station to carry out experiments in materials science, fluid physics and biosciences, as well as to perform a number of technological applications. It is Europes largest contribution to the construction of the International Space Station and will support scientific and technological research in a microgravity environment. STS-122 is targeted for launch in December.

The Materials International Space Station Experiment-Flight Facility, or MISSE-FF, hardware arrived at the Space Station Processing Facility low bay at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. MISSE will be unpacked for integration and processing. MISSE will be used to test various materials and computing elements on the exterior of the space station. They will be exposed to the harsh environment of low-Earth orbit, including to a vacuum, atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, direct sunlight and extreme heat and cold. The experiment will provide a better understanding of material durability, from coatings to electronic sensors, which could be applied to future spacecraft designs. MISSE will be delivered to the space station on a future commercial resupply mission.

In the payload bay of the orbiter Discovery, STS-103 Mission Specialists John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), left, and Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, right, are briefed on part of the equipment they will use on their mission by a worker from Johnson Space Center, center. The mission involves the repair and upgrade of the Hubble Space Telescope. The crew, who are at KSC to take part in a Crew Equipment Interface Test, also includes Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Scott J. Kelly, and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), and Jean-François Clervoy of France. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. Mission STS-103 is a "call-up" due to the need to replace portions of the pointing system, the gyros, which have begun to fail on the Hubble Space Telescope. Although Hubble is operating normally and conducting its scientific observations, only three of its six gyroscopes are working properly. The gyroscopes allow the telescope to point at stars, galaxies

SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) primary mirror being coated in the Ames N-211 Vacuum Chamber.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Fla., the star tracker sun shades are waiting to be installed on NASA's Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope, or GLAST, spacecraft. The GLAST is a powerful space observatory that will explore the Universe's ultimate frontier, where nature harnesses forces and energies far beyond anything possible on Earth; probe some of science's deepest questions, such as what our Universe is made of, and search for new laws of physics; explain how black holes accelerate jets of material to nearly light speed; and help crack the mystery of stupendously powerful explosions known as gamma-ray bursts. A launch date is still to be determined.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Space Station Processing Facility, members of the STS-118 crew learn important information from technicians about the control moment gyro (CMG) in front of them that is part of the payload on their mission. Second from left is Mission Specialist Tracy Caldwell; at right are Mission Specialists Richard Mastracchio (pointing) and Clayton Anderson, who will be flying on STS-118 to join the Expedition 15 crew as flight engineer on the International Space Station. The CMG will replace a faulty one on the International Space Station. The payload also includes the SPACEHAB single cargo module, the third starboard truss segment (ITS S5) and the external stowage platform 3 (ESP3). STS-118 is targeted to launch June 28 from Launch Pad 39A.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On the floor of the Space Station Processing Facility, astronauts Dan Tani (left) and Peggy Whitson practice working with a cover, something they may handle during an upcoming shuttle flight. With construction of the Space Station the primary focus of future shuttle missions, astronaut crews will be working with one or more of the elements and hardware already being processed in the SSPF.

The Neurolab payload for STS-90, scheduled to launch aboard the Shuttle Columbia from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on April 2, 1998, undergoes further processing in the Operations and Checkout Building at KSC. Investigations during the Neurolab mission will focus on the effects of microgravity on the nervous system. Specifically, experiments will study the adaptation of the vestibular system, the central nervous system, and the pathways that control the ability to sense location in the absence of gravity, as well as the effect of microgravity on a developing nervous system. The crew of STS-90 will include Commander Richard Searfoss, Pilot Scott Altman, Mission Specialists Richard Linnehan, Dafydd (Dave) Williams, M.D., and Kathryn (Kay) Hire, and Payload Specialists Jay Buckey, M.D., and James Pawelczyk, Ph.D

A western scientists couple working on test tube to analysis and develop vaccine of covid-19 virus in lab or laboratory in technology medical, chemistry, healthcare, research. Experimental science.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, STS-119 Commander Lee Archambault inspects hardware slated to fly on his upcoming space shuttle mission. On the STS-119 mission, space shuttle Discovery will carry the S6 truss segment to complete the 361-foot-long backbone of the International Space Station. The truss includes the fourth pair of solar array wings and electronics that convert sunlight to power for the orbiting laboratory. Launch is targeted for Feb. 12, 2009.

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The CRISTA-SPAS payload, manifested on Space Shuttle Mission STS-85, is placed in the transport canister

AGEPS.

A member of the media interviews mission team member Jessica Samuels inside JPL's High Bay 1 clean room on Dec. 27, 2019, during Mars 2020 media day.

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