Military Leadership and Conflict

Engravings portraying military leaders and significant battles from various eras, highlighting discussions and strategic maneuvering before combat.

The emperor Maximilian I enters Utrecht, hoping to re- assert his claim to govern the Flemish provinces which have been ruled by the Austrian empire since 1477. Date: 1483

Cultural state at the end of the 15th century, Tournament of the Knights, Germany, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the...

History of the Medici, The illustration shows Cosimo I de' Medici leading his troops towards Siena at night in 1555 to besiege the city. The silhouette of the city of Siena with the Porta Camollia can be seen in the background. Cosimo I de' Medici (born 12 June 1519, died 21 April 1574), Duke of Florence from 1537 and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1569

The emperor Maximilian I enters Utrecht, hoping to re- assert his claim to govern the Flemish provinces which have been ruled by the Austrian empire since 1477. Date: 1483

Engraving depicting Queen Philippa of Haunault (1314-1369), haranguing her troops before the Battle of Neville's Cross. Dated 15th Century

Cologne, Hogenberg, French, Netherlands, Beheading of Egmond and Horne, 1568, The execution of the counts of Egmond and Horne on the Grote Markt in Brussels, 5 June 1568. Egmond's body lies on the scaffold under a cloth, Horne kneels before the executioner. Around the scaffold Spanish soldiers. Numbered at the bottom: No. 2, and next to it written: 333., print, history print, prints, Frederik Muller History plates, height 180 mm, width 261 mm, print maker, printmaker, 1568 - 1599, third quarter 16th century, fourth quarter 16th century, paper, etching, etchings, Work conception, Dutch, German, 1540 - 1590

Battle of Ravenna of 11 April 1512, a battle in the context of the Italian Wars in the dispute between Louis XII of France and Pope Julius II, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from an original of the period, Battle of Ravenna of 11 April 1512, a battle in the context of the Italian Wars in the dispute between Louis XII of France and Pope Julius II, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from an original of the period

Brothel with Zebring and Fighting Junker, Soldier, Germany/Brothel with Zebring and Struggling Junker, Soldier, Germany, historical, digitally restored reproduction of an original model from the 19th century, exact original date unknown, subsequently colored

middle ages tournaments tournament in Munich 1500 copper engraving by Matthew Zafinger 16th century,

History of the Medici, Giovanni de' Medici leads imperial troops entering Milan through a breach in the city wall. Giovanni de' Medici, Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, delle Bande Nere (born 6 April 1498, died 30 November 1526), Italian condottiere

History of the Medici, This picture depicts the magnificent entry of Cosimo I de' Medici into Rome after he was appointed Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1569. Cosimo I de' Medici (born 12 June 1519, died 21 April 1574), Duke of Florence from 1537 and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1569

Forces under Alaric I, King of the Visigoths from 395, sacking Rome, 410 (1654). Artist: Francois Chauveau

Engraving depicting knights practising quintain, also known as pavo, may have included a number of lance games, often used as training for jousting, where the competitor would attempt to strike an object with his lance, sword or other weapon. Dated 15th century

Engraving depicting the Battle of La Roche-Derrien, fought between the French and English forces, during the Hundred Years' War. Dated 14th Century

Antioch Besieged & Captured in 1098 Matthäus Merian the Elder (1593-1650 Swiss) Copper engraving

Burning of English merchant Nicholas Burton during Inquisition, Spain

events Eighty Years' War 1568 - 1648 execution of the Counts of Egmond and Hoorn Brussels 5.6.1568 contemporary copper engraving by Franz Hogenberg,

Roman soldiers attacking the walls of a fortress with scaling ladders, slings and spears, while the defenders use nets, hot liquid, spears and various missiles, From Poliorceticon sive de machinis tormentis telis by Justus Lipsius (Antwerp, 1605), Engraving

Conde's army laying seige on Chartres, March 1568, engraving by Franz Hogenberg (1535-1590). France, 16th century.

Cartier, Jacques, 1491 - 1.9.1557, French explorer, combat with Indians in Canada, drawing from a work by Chaplain 1613,

The punishment of criminal soldiers on a scaffold-like contraption called "Strappado". Etching by Jacques Callot, ca. 1633.

Siege by Hans Weiditz the Younger, Woodcut, 1532, circa 1500-1536, Private Collection

Brothel with Zebring and Fighting Junker, Soldier, Germany, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th century artwork, exact original date unknown, Europe

French Religious Wars 1562-1598. Amboise Enterprise or Conspiracy March 1560. Execution at Amboise, 15 March. Execution by hanging or decapitation by the sword of conspirators in Huguenot plot led by Jean du Barry seigneur of La Renaudie (-1560),whose body swings on gibbet at A, against the Guise faction. Engraving by Jacques Tortorel (fl1568-1590) and Jean-Jacques Perrissin (c1536-1617) from their series on the Huguenot Wars.

Victorious fight of knight Theuerdank

Riots in Vienna as a result of anti-Semitic actions, 1617, print maker: Caspar Luyken, publisher: Pieter van der Aa (I), print maker: Amsterdam, publisher: Leiden, 1698, paper, etching, letterpress printing, h 113 mm × w 157 mm

German Peasants' War, 1524-1526, destruction of Teck Castle south of the town of Kirchheim unter Teck in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown, Europe

executions by the blood council, (Raad van beroerte), during the Spanish rule of the Netherlands, under the Duke of Alva. 16th Century.

Hundred Years War between France and England 1339-1453, Siege of Ribodane with cannon and Longbow from Chronicles of England by Jean de Wavrin, 14-1500. Museum: BRITISH LIBRARY, LONDRES, UK.

Battle of Auray (29 September 1364). War of the Breton Succession (1341-1364). Confrontation between two Breton factions. One of them was supported by France, led by Charles de Blois and Bernard du Gueslin. The other faction was supported by England, under John de Montfort and Sir John Chandos. The Anglo-Breton side won the victory. Facsimile after an illustration from the Chronicles of Brittany, 1514. "Vie Militaire et Religieuse au Moyen Age et a l'Epoque de la Renaissance." Paris, 1877.

Historic drawing, the torture and execution of the members of the English Gunpowder Plot, an attempt by British Catholics to kill the Protestant King of England, James I, his family, the government and all parliamentarians, 30th January 1606

German Peasants' War, 1524-1526, The peasants in Berken mistreat the Jews, Germany, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th century master, exact original date not known, Europe

Seventh Crusade (248-1254). Led by Louis IX of France (1214-1270). Conquest of Damietta. Disembarkation of the Crusaders at Damietta (Nile Delta) on 5 June 1249. Facsimile of an engraving from "Grand Voyage de Hierusalem", printed in Paris in 1522. Due to one of the anachronisms common among ancient artists, St Louis' army and fleet are armed with cannons. "Vie Militaire et Religieuse au Moyen Age et a L'Epoque de la Renaissance". Paris, 1877.

The Execution of Thomas Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford, 1641, after Wenceleslaus Hollar; Black and White Illustration;

Germany, Cranach, Lucas (I), Martyrdom of the Twelve Apostles, Martyrdom of Paul by beheading, verso lower left - stamped, The beheaded body of the apostle Paul lies on the ground, at the place where his head falls two fountains arise. A Roman commander and his entourage of soldiers, among others, look on. The soldier who beheaded the saint on the right, puts his sword back in its sheath. Top left two shields with the electoral and ducal coats of arms of Saxony., print, prints, height 162 mm, width 126 mm, German, 1472 - 1553-10-16, print maker, printmaker, 1510 - 1514, first quarter 16th century, paper, woodcut

The 'White Hood' rebellion in Ghent : peace proclaimed at Ghent by Jan van Helle in the name of the duc de Bourgogne. Date: 1379

The Victorious Entry of the Bavarian Troops into Munich on 16 July 1871, Reception of the Crown Prince of the German Empire at the Universitaetsplatz, illustrated war history, German, French war 1870-1871, Germany, France, Europe

Massacre of a Huguenot congregation in a barn by the Duc de Guise and his men, Vassy, France, 1562.

Netherlands, Soldiers at the gate of a port city, verso - stamped, Soldiers at the gate of a port city. At the bottom of the text: 12. Boeck., print, prent, book illustration, prints, images, height 114 mm, width 70 mm, print maker, printmaker, 1600 - 1700, paper, papier, engraving, graveren (drukprocedé)

This image is a painting by Francois Dubois and depicts the Bartholomew Day Massacre. The massacre in Paris on August 24/25 in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion.

The Spaniards leaving the city of Maastricht, Spanish Netherlands, 16th century. Author: F. Hozenberg.

Great Britain events Gunpowder Plot 1605 plotters and their execution London 30./31.1.1606,

JOAN OF ARC Besieges Paris in 1429, though unsuccessfully Date: 1412 - 1431

German Peasants' War, 1524-1526, pillars of shame on the houses of the outlaws, Germany, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century o...

Execution of the Amboise conspirators, March 25, 1560, engraving by Franz Hogenberg (1535-1590). Wars of Religion, France, 16th century.

Incident Upon the arrival of Willem van Oranje in Utrecht, 1577. Incident Upon the arrival of Willem van Oranje in Utrecht, 1577, August 28, 1577. The carriage in which Willem van Oranje is hit with his wife is hit by a salute shot. Spectators and soldiers excited on the street. Design for a print.

Embarkation of Christopher Columbus at Palos de la Frontera, Spain. Engraving. 19th century. Later colouration.

Russian atrocities in Livonia in XVI century (using women for archery target practice). published in Nuremberg in 1561.

John and Alexander Ruthven, attempting to kidnap or kill James VI of Scotland, are seen here fighting for their lives against the King's attendants after being caught in the act. They were killed. The

Roman soldiers forming a 'tortoise' with their shields, thus enabling them to approach the walls of a besieged city, From Poliorceticon sive de machinis tormentis telis by Justus Lipsius (Antwerp, 1605), Engraving

Crusaders beseige Damscus in 12th cent. 15th cent book illustration. Medieval France.

Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes. 17th cent.Don Quixote and Sancho fighting with the sword and in the background Don Quixote's is seen riding towards the mills to attack against them. Illustration.

Argentina Buenos Aires the city under siege by Indians copper engraving from itinerary by Ulrich Schmidl (1510 - circa 1580),

Method to set fire to an enemy village at night, Theodor de Bry, 1591 print Original inhabitants of America shoot burning arrows over the pallisade of a village with their bow. The arrows land on the flammable roofs of the houses and are on fire. paper engraving / letterpress printing nocturnal troop movements. surprise attack (stratagem). Indian lodge. Native peoples of the Americas North and Central America

A fire engine in 1569. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1885

Engraving depicting German riders in the Roman army

Second Flemish Uprising, Hans Springinklee, 1515 print A large battle in the vicinity of a castle or city. Detail of the triumphal arch of Keizer Maximilian I. Nuremberg paper battle. insignia of companies, etc.

Battle of Poitier at Nouaillé-Maupertuis in 1356

Elisa brings the blinded Syrian army to the king of Israel; Excae Catur Exercitus, Dum Eliseo Manus Inferre Tentat; Oudtestament fighting scenes. Elisa brings the blinded Syrian army to the king of Israel. The king of Israel stands on an increase and overlooks the crowd soldiers on a large square. Title and caption in Latin in the undermaster.

Roman soldiers using two forms of battering ram against the walls of a fortress, From Poliorceticon sive de machinis tormentis telis by Justus Lipsius (Antwerp, 1605), Engraving

Robert, duc de Normandie and eldest son of William I of England, is in continual dispute with his family : he throws the defiant governor of Rouen from the town gate. Date: circa 1089

Engraving of a bas-relief depicting Assyrians manoeuvring a huge statue into place by means of rollers and leverage. Dated 19th Century

Spain. Aragon. Uprising in Zaragoza, 1591. The confrontation of the Justice of Aragon, Juan de Lanuza (1564-1591) with Philip II of Spain (1527-1598), led to the execution of the first one by order of the king. Juan de Lanuza executed by beheading the 20 of December, 1591. Engraving.

Perrissin, Jean, Keulen, Hogenberg, French, Series 3: French Wars of Religion, 1559-1573, Jean de Poltrot quartered, 1563, Jean de Poltrot quartered in Paris, 18 March 1563. With a caption by 8 lines in German. Numbered: 19. Page from a disassembled album. Numbered at top right (in pen): 53., print, prent, historieprent, prints, prenten, Frederik Muller Historieplaten, height 210 mm, width 280 mm, Dutch, German, 1540 - 1590, print maker, prentmaker, 1565 - 1573, third quarter 16th century, derde kwart 16e eeuw, paper, papier, etching, etchings, Work conception, 1538 - 1611

The journeyman's tournament on the marketplace of Nuremberg, 1446, historical engraving, 1883

GERMAN CANNON - lighting and loading Date: 1550

Montage of the siege on the French Castle, Gironde, near Bordeaux, held by the English. Owen of Wales, a soldier in the French service led the siege, depicted in the illumination with a dart in his breast, killed through the treachery of a countryman, John Lambe. Dated 14th Century

Alterations of Aragon. Mutiny of Zaragoza, 1591. Engraving by Historia de Espana. 19th century. Colored.

Daniel Hopfer, Three German Soldiers Armed with Halberds, c 1510 Daniel Hopfer (German, c. 1470 - 1536), Three German Soldiers Armed with Halberds, c. 1510, etched iron plate, Ruth and Jacob Kainen Memorial Fund 2012.85.1

Lamiral, graaf van Egmont, and graaf van Hoorn are arrested by Alva for their sympathies with religious freedom, despite their loyalty to Felipe II. Date: 10 September 1567

The duc d'Anjou makes an unsuccessful assault on Antwerp, but fierce resistance forces his men to withdraw. Date: 16 January 1583

Siege and destruction of Jerusalem, circa 1504 - Vaux Passional

Roman warfare: raising 'baskets' of attackers to ramparts of a besieged fortress, From Poliorceticon sive de machinis tormentis telis by Justus Lipsius (Antwerp, 1605), Engraving

The first general German war festival in Hamburg, Germany, historical engraving, 1883, Europe

Imperial forces recover the cattle which had been sequestered by the Flemish rebels. Date: 1485

Scenes from the First Crusade, 1096-1099 (c1490). Artist: Sebastian Marmoret

This detailed illustration depicts a battle in 1443, the time of the Hundred Years' War between the French and English (1337-1453). French soldiers, with their standards that show they support the Dauphin Louis, are besieging a fortress near Dieppe. The engraving is from the Chronicle of Charles VII and dates to the 1499s. This particular battle took place in August 1443.

The Troops of Carthage during the Siege of Agrigento, Italy, History of Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, Europe

The execution of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, 1649 - 1685. Monmouth, an illigitimate son of King Charles II was executed for treason on Tower Hill on July 15, 1685 after

Crusaders (1096-1291). From 'Passaiges d'outremer' (Voyages to Palestine) illuminated by Sebastian Marmoret (c1490) Detail. Fallen knights and horses. Manuscript. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.

Woodcut engraving depicting the storming on Puerto Bello, Panama.

CRONICAS DE LAS CRUZADAS - BATALLA POR NAZARET - MINIATURA DEL S XV - Conj 77241. Author: DREUX JEAN. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. WIEN. AUSTRIA.

Battle of Poitier at Nouaille-Maupertuis in 1356

D™rer, Albrecht (1471 - 1528), culverin which Nuremburg provided for the campaign against the Turks, engraving, 1518, private collection,

War of Spanish Succession. Siege of Barcelona (1713-14). Oath of the Catalan captains, 1713. Engraving, 1863.

Full-page miniature showing a battle.. 1445. Schlapperitzin, Konrad ca. um 1445. Religious books, Manuscripts. Manuscripts and Archives Division

The scene appears to be based on the story in which Spaniard convict guided five French privateers' ships to Cartagena, in the 16th century. The French looted, burned, killed, and kidnapped in the town of their country's enemy. The revengeful Spanish guide, stabs the judge who convicted him in his bed. Hand-colored engraving published by Theodor de Bry in 1595 (BSLOC_2020_1_217)

Basilica of St. Denis. Tomb of Francis 1 king of France and Claude of France. Foundation's low relief. Depiction of the battle of Marignano in 1515 - the Old Swiss Confederacy troops. Saint-Denis. France.

Historical drawing from the U.S. history, captured by Indians in 1607, Captain John Smith, 1580 - 1631, an English mercenary, adventurer and founder of Jamestown

Historia de Catalunya. Roger de Llúria (1245-1305), almirante de la Corona de Aragón, capturando a Carlos II de Anjou, hijo de Carlos I de Anjou, y nobles franceses en el golfo de Nápoles en 1294. Cromo de Xacolata Juncosa. Año 1932. Author: Albert Mestre Moragas.

Murder of Wirich von Daun, Count of Falkenstein, 1598. Draughtsman: Jacobus Buys (signed by artist). Dating: 1780 - 1795. Measurements: h 82 mm × w 56 mm. Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Segebert I (535-575). King of Austrasia (561-575), son and heir of Clotary I. Segebert with its troops in combat. Miniature, 15th century. Conde Museum, Chateau of Chantilly, France.

Battle of Sedan, August 31, 1870. Franco-Prussian War, France, 19th century.

Christians reconquer Spain with detail of battle, miniature from The Cantigas de Santa Maria Alfonso X the Wise, manuscript, Spain 13th Century.

Iran/Persia: Mahmud ibn Sebuktegin attacks the rebel fortress of Zarang in Sijistan/Sistan) in 1003 CE, from Rashid Al-Din, 'History of the World', c. 1306-1311

The Battle of Barnet, fought on 14 April, Easter Sunday, 1471 between the forces of Edward IV and those of his cousin, Warwick the Kingmaker. Richard, Duke of Gloucester commanded the King's van in his first major battle. The illustration is taken from a French manuscript, known as the Historic of the Arrival of Edward IV.

The Quadian king has Roman partisans executed as high traitors in his presence, after the Marcomannic War, 161, 180, digitally restored reproduction o...

Album Amicorum of a German Soldier. Italy, 1595. Drawings. Gouache on paper

Gunners calculating the elevation of a piece of artillery using a clinometer and a quadrant marked with shadow scales. Around them are barrels of gunpowder, cannon balls of various sizes. On the left a mortar is being discharged. From 'Architechtur .. Mathematischen .. Kunst' by Gaultherius Rivius (Nuremberg, 1547). Woodcut.

Spanish Netherlands. Reigh of Philip II. The duke of Alba arrest Egmont and Hoorne after an invitation for a meal, September 1567. Engraving, 1884. Color.

The storming of Byrsa Castle during the capture of Carthage. Byrsa was a fortified citadel above the Phoenician port in ancient Carthage, Tunisia. Third Punic War, Tertium Bellum Punicum, 149, 146 BC, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

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