Molecular Models

Colorful molecular models representing various neurotoxins and drugs, illustrating their chemical structures and scientific significance.

Phentermine. Molecular model of the drug phentermine (C10.H15.N), a psychostimulant and phenethylamide, also used as an appetite suppressant. Atoms ar...

Bleomycin. Molecular model of the anti-cancer drug bleomycin (C55.H84.N17.O21.S3), a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces ve...

Chlorous acid. Molecular model of the inorganic compound, weak acid and powerful oxidizing agent chlorous acid (H.Cl.O2). Chlorine here is in its +3 o...

Orlistat. Molecular model of the drug orlistat (C29.H53.N.O5), also known as tetrahydrolipstatin, and marketed as Xenical and Alli. It is designed to ...

GMP synthetase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme, guanine monophosphate synthetase, catalyses the reaction that converts xanthosine monophosphate t...

Ebola viral protein 35 and RNA. Molecular model of the Ebola viral protein 35 (VP35) bound to a molecule of double stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid). Th...

Tetratchloroethylene. Molecular model of tetrachloroethylene (C2.Cl4), a colourless liquid chlorocarbon that is widely used for dry cleaning. Its othe...

Fluorosulphuric acid. Molecular model of the superacid fluorosulphuric acid (H.F.O3.S). Highly toxic and corrosive, it is one of the strongest acids a...

DNA and MECP2 complex. Molecular model of MECP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome)) bound to the BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) g...

Nitrogen triiodide. Molecular model of the explosive chemical nitrogen triiodide (N.I3). This explosive is extremely sensitive to shocks. Atoms are re...

Human interferon alpha, molecular model. Interferons are proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response to invading pathogens, ...

Photosystem II. Molecular model of the photosystem II complex. Photosystems are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Photosystem II is found ...

DNA gyrase protein segment, molecular model. The DNA gyrase enzyme supercoils DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) for packaging within the cell nucleus.

Cholera toxin, molecular model. Cholera toxin is a protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, that causes the disease cholera. It is m...

Trypsin molecule. Molecular model of the digestive protease enzyme beta-trypsin complexed with an inhibitor. Trypsin is released by the pancreas to br...

Human pathogen recognition molecule. Molecular model of a complex between human lymphocyte antigen 96 and toll-like receptor 4. This complex detects l...

Human lysine-specific demethylase, molecular model. This enzyme removes methyl groups from lysine residues in histones (proteins that package DNA).

Eye lens protein. Molecular model of alpha-crystallin, a protein found in the lens of the eye. The regular arrangement of the protein in the lens is t...

Human transferrin receptor, molecular model. This molecule is found on the surface of a cell. It binds transferrins, iron-binding glycoproteins found ...

Glutamine synthetase enzyme, molecular model. This ligase enzyme forms chemical bonds between molecules. It plays an important role in the metabolism ...

Chloroform. Molecular model of the organochlorine compound chloroform (CHCl3). Widely used in the chemical industry, this chemical was once a widely u...

Adenylyl cyclase. Molecular model of adenylyl cyclase complexed with an inhibitor. This enzyme catalyses the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate...

Eye lens protein. Molecular model of beta-crystallin, a protein found in the lens of the eye. The regular arrangement of the protein in the lens is th...

Serum transferrin, molecular model. Transferrins are iron-binding glycoproteins found in blood plasma.

Fluoroantimonic acid. Molecular model of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid (H2.Sb.F). This is the strongest known superacid. Atoms are represented as...

Ribonuclease bound to transfer RNA, molecular model. This complex consists of the ribonuclease Z (RNase Z, green and pink) enzyme bound to a transfer ...

Androgen receptor and modulator. Molecular model of a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) bound to an androgen receptor.

Human interferon beta, molecular model. Interferons are proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response to invading pathogens, e...

Kinase inhibitor complex. Molecular model of a leucettine kinase inhibitor bound to a serine threonine kinase protein.

Acetylcholine receptor. Molecular model showing the structure of a nicotinic acetlycholine receptor. This receptor, for the neurotransmitter acetylcho...

Buckyball molecule, computer artwork.

Cytochrome C, molecular model. Cytochrome molecules perform oxidation and reduction reactions for electron transport, a chain of reactions used to pow...

Gene activator protein. Molecular model of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP, pink and green) bound to a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, ...

Catalase. Molecular model of catalase from a cow liver. This enzyme to water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly toxic byproduct of a number of ...

Atomic structure

DNA Holliday junction. Molecular model of a Holliday junction (centre) between homologous strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). A Holliday junction ...

Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), molecular model. TPI is essential for glycolysis and catalyses the reversible interconversion of dihydroxyacetone ph...

Buckyball molecule, computer artwork.

Yersinia pestis virulence factor. Molecular model of the V-antigen protein, a virulence factor in Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague.

Ozone. Molecular model of the triatomic gas ozone (O3), a powerful oxidant (oxidizing agent) and air pollutant, with harmful effects on the respirator...

Nucleosome, molecular model. A nucleosome is a subunit of chromatin, the substance that forms chromosomes. It consists of a short length of DNA (deoxy...

HIV nucleocapsid protein. Molecular model of the nucleocapsid protein (yellow) from HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-type 1) complexed with the Psi...

DNase I complex. Molecular model of deoxyribonuclease I complexed with actin.

Amino acids

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Molecular model of the superacid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (C.F3.S.O3.H). This is one of the strongest acids and is...

Sex hormone-binding globulin. Molecular model of the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) protein complexed with the male sex hormone dihydrotestostero...

Flu virus surface protein molecule. Molecular model of the neuraminidase glycoprotein enzyme found on the surface of the influenza A (flu) virus. The ...

Ebola matrix protein. Molecular model of the Ebola virus matrix protein VP40. This membrane-associated protein is thought to be necessary for the asse...

Hepatitis B virus. Background. Vector Illustration. Eps 10.. Hepatitis B virus. Background. Eps 10.

Gene activator protein. Molecular model of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP, yellow) complexed with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA, red and blue) an...

Vitamin D molecule and sun flare, artwork

Chaperonin protein complex. Molecular model showing the structure of a GroEL GroES (ADP)7 chaperonin complex. Chaperonins are proteins that provide fa...

Cytochrome P450 and fluconazole. Molecular model of cytochrome P450 complexed with the anti-fungal compound fluconazole. This protein plays a crucial ...

Sir3 gene silencer acting on DNA, molecular model. Sir3 (light blue) is acting on a circular strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, pink). Sir3 is an e...

Fatty acid binding protein and inhibitor. Molecular model of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (A-FABP) bound to an inhibitor.

DNA Holliday junction complex. Molecular model of the enzyme FLP recombinase in complex with a Holliday junction between homologous strands of DNA (de...

GST enzyme. Molecular model of a glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme from the malaria-carrying mosquito Anopheles gambiae. GSTs detoxify foreign su...

Subatomic particle, conceptual illustration

Bacteriophage DNA recombination. Molecular model showing DNA manipulation and recombination taking place at a Holliday junction with a bacteriophage e...

Calcium-binding protein. Molecule model of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) bound to a myosin light-chain kinase molecule. This complex is...

Apopain protein and inhibitor. Molecular model of caspase-3, also known as apopain, complexed with an inhibitor. Caspase-3 is a protease, an enzyme th...

Atom. Schematic diagram of an atom.

Type I topoisomerase bound to DNA. Molecular model showing a type I topoisomerase molecule (khaki) bound to a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, re...

Circadian clock molecule, illustration

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