Ottoman Historical Figures

Engravings of notable Ottoman figures in traditional attire, conveying cultural richness and historical significance with detailed garments and accessories.

The caption for this 1910 image reads: Sultan Selim II Image by Antonio Lafreri. After an original in the National Library in Paris. Selim II, byname Sari (The Blond) (1524died 1574) was Ottoman sultan from 1566. His reign saw peace in Europe and Asia and the rise of the Ottomans to dominance in the Mediterranean but marked the beginning of the decline in the power of the sultans. He was unable to impose his authority over the Janissaries and was overruled by the women of his harem.

SEDEY ACHMET PASCHA.

Suleyman the Magnificent (1494-1566). Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566. Engraving by Lemaitre and Masson. Historia de Turquia by Joseph Marie Jouannin (1783-1844) and Jules Van Gaver, 1840.

Abd-ar-Rahman III (889- 961). Emir and Caliph of Al-Andalus. Portrait. Engraving. 19th century.

A Bey Eminence in Cairo, 1802, by Luigi Mayer, Egypt 19th Century. Engraving.

Selim II Sarkhosh Hashoink (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثانى Selīm-i sānī, Turkish: II. Selim; 28 May 1524 - 12 December/15 December 1574) was born in Istanbul, a son of Suleiman the Magnificent and his fourth and favourite Ruthenian wife Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana). Military expeditions in the Hejaz and Yemen were successful, but his conquest of Cyprus in 1571 led to the calamitous naval defeat against Spain and Venice in the Battle of Lepanto in the same year, freeing the Mediterranean Sea from corsairs. The Empire's shattered fleets were soon restored (in just six months; it consisted of about 150 galleys and 8 galleasses) and the Ottomans maintained control of the Mediterranean (1573). In August 1574, months before Selim's death, the Ottomans regained control of Tunisia from Spain who had controlled it since 1572.

HAFEZ-E SHIRAZI, Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad (1325-1389). Persian lyrical and panegyrist poet. Miniature Painting. SYRIA. Damascus. National Museum.

Bargasch bin Said, Sultan Von Zanzibar , Unknown

Attributed to Gangaram Chintaman Tambat, active 1790s, Anglo-Indian, A Jungum, a religious Hindu Beggar, undated. Watercolor and graphite with pen and black ink on medium, slightly textured, cream laid paper.

Abu aAli al-Husayn ibn aAbd Allah ibn Sina, commonly known as Ibn Sina or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 of his surviving treatises concentrate on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine. His most famous works are 'The Book of Healing', a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and 'The Canon of Medicine', which was a standard medical text at many medieval universities. 'The Canon of Medicine' was used as a text-book in the universities of Montpellier and Leuven as late as 1650. Ibn Sina's 'Canon of Medicine' provides a complete system of medicine according to the principles of Galen (and Hippocrates). His corpus also includes writing on philosophy, astronomy, alchemy, geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, as well as poetry. He is regarded as the most famous and influential polymath of the Islamic Gol

The caption for this 1910 image reads: Sultan Selim II Image by Antonio Lafreri. After an original in the National Library in Paris. Selim II, byname Sari (The Blond) (1524died 1574) was Ottoman sultan from 1566. His reign saw peace in Europe and Asia and the rise of the Ottomans to dominance in the Mediterranean but marked the beginning of the decline in the power of the sultans. He was unable to impose his authority over the Janissaries and was overruled by the women of his harem.

Mustafa IV (1779 -1808) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 180738

Titus Flavius Josephus, c.37 - c.100 AD, born Yosef ben Matityahu. 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian and hagiographer. From Cassell's Illustrated Universal History, published 1883.

TIPPU TIB - North-African trader in ivory and slaves, empire-builder in Congo.

Selim III (1761 -1808) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 17891807

Portrait of mughal emperor bahadur shah II, india Copyright: xBhagwandasxRupani/DinodiaxPhotox

SEYYID BARGASH BIN SAID SOVEREIGN OF ZANZIBAR, 1875

Imam of Muscat, Oman, illustration from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 465, Volume XIX, January 22-29, 1852.

Imam Shamil, Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel, 26 June 1797, 4 February 1871, was the political, military, and spiritual leader of Caucasian resist...

THE SHEIKH

Bohdan Khmelnitsky, (Bohdan Chmielnicki;c. 1595 ó 1657). leader (1648ñ57) of the Zaporozhian Cossacks who organized a rebellion against Polish rule in Ukraine

Bedouin from Sinai peninsula, Egypt. Old XIX century engraved from Travels in Sinai Le Tour du Monde 1864

Taouakkal-Chah a thugee chief, India 1860. Thuggees refers to an organized gang of professional assassins. The Thugs travelled in groups across India for six hundred years. the Thugs traced their origin to seven Muslim tribes, Hindus appear to have been associated with them at an early period.The Thuggee was suppressed by the British rulers of India in the 1830s

The Sino-Sikh War or Sino-Dogra War (pinyin: Sanba Zhanzhang; literally 'Dogra War') was fought from May 1841 to August 1842 between the Qing Empire and the forces of the Sikh governor of Jammu, Gulab Singh, after he invaded western Tibet. The Dogra army was routed and the Qing counterattacked but were defeated in Ladakh. The Treaty of Chushul was signed in 1842 maintaining the status quo ante bellum.

Omar Khayyám (1048-1131; Persian: ‏عمر خیام) was a Persian polymath: philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet. He also wrote treatises on mechanics, geography, mineralogy, music, climatology and theology. Born in Nishapur, at a young age he moved to Samarkand and obtained his education there, afterwards he moved to Bukhara and became established as one of the major mathematicians and astronomers of the medieval period. He is the author of one of the most important treatises on algebra written before modern times, the Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra, which includes a geometric method for solving cubic equations by intersecting a hyperbola with a circle. He contributed to a calendar reform. His significance as a philosopher and teacher, and his few remaining philosophical works, have not received the same attention as his scientific and poetic writings. Zamakhshari referred to him as 'the philosopher of the world'. Many sources have testified that he taught for de

Imam Shamil (1797 - 1871), political, military, and spiritual leader of Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s.

Sayid Muhammad Khudayar Khan. Khudayar Khan (1829-1886) was a Khan of Kokand who reigned between 1845 and 1875. Uzbekistan, Central Asia. From Orenburg to Samarkand 1876-1878 by Madame Marie Ujfalvy-Bourdon, Le Tour du Monde 1879

Abul Hassan Chan .

Uzbekistan/Iran: Portrait of Avicenna/Ibn Sina impressed on a silver vase, Bu Ali Sina Mausoleum, Hamadan. Photo Adam Jones (CC BY-SA 2.0)

French lithograph of priest in India, By Marlet 1828

Sultan MURAD I 1326-89, occupied most Asia Minor and moved capital to Adrianopolis in 1365, from 16th century manuscript Memorie Turchesche

Mustafa III 1717 January 21, 1774 Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1757 -1774

Suleiman II, Sultan of Turkey.

Portrait of mughal emperor Aurangajeb, india Copyright: xBhagwandasxRupani/DinodiaxPhotox

Humayun (1508 1556); second Mughal Emperor who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 15311540 and again from 15551556.

Egypt/Syria: Posthumous portrait of Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, 1138-1193), 19th century engraving

Portrait of Suleiman the Magnificent ( 1494-1566) longest-reigning Great Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Dated 16th Century

Lutsi Pasha.

Shah Hussain, ruler of Persia.

Portrait of Saladin (1560) by Cristofano Dell Altissimo. Saladin (1137 or 1138 ñ 1193), known as al ad-Dn Ysuf ibn Ayyb the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of their Ayyubid dynasty. Saladin led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen and other parts of North Africa.

Bajazet II., Sultan of Turkey.

Timur (Transoxiana, 1336-Otrar, Timurid Empire, 1405). Turco-Mongol conqueror, also known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (Timur the Lame). Founder of the Timunid Empire in Central Asia and Persia. Engraving of 1845. Later colouration..

A Sikh commander (). Gouache painting by an Indian painter.

Edad Media. Abd-ar-Rahman I (731-788), primer emir omeya independiente de Córdoba. Grabado de 1876. Abd-ar-Rahman I. ABDERRAMAN I.

An Emblem of Asia September 4, 1798 Anonymous, British, 18th century British A female figure wears a jewelled turban, fur-lined robe and holds an open book in her right hand lettered "Al Coran" the Qur'an. Behind at right is an elephant carrying a howdah and, at left, a caravan of camels near a pyramid. The print comes from a group that includes emblems of America and Europe (52.585.73, 52.585.74)).. An Emblem of Asia 357063

Jabir Ibn Hayyan, Abu Musa (c721-c815 - Al Jabir: Geber) Arab alchemist. Court physician to Harun al-Rashid. From manuscript in Biblioteca Medicea Laurensiana, Florence, Italy

Flavius Josephus (c37-c100) Jewish soldier and historian. Engraving.

Abdul Ararma, Sultan Mark.

Man of the Kabyle tribe, Berber, Bedouin, from Algeria, in 1870, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Muhammad Ali Pascha auch Mehmed Ali Pascha, herrschenden Dynastie, digitale verbesserte Reproduktion eines Originaldrucks 1880, um 1770 in Kavala, 2. ...

Jusuf brains efendi.

Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina - Elderly Muslim at prayer. Date: 1930s

Sultan Abdulhamid I, 1774-1789 AD Manuscript no 3109 Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul, Turkey

Portrait of mughal emperor jahangir, india Copyright: xBhagwandasxRupani/DinodiaxPhotox

Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (March 1769 - 2 August 1849) was an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who became Wali (governor), and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted. During the infighting in Egypt between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali had carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They had controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they had extended their rule extensively throughout Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. On March 1, 1811, Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration held at the Cairo Citadel in honor of his son, Tusun, who was being appointed to lead a military expediti

Portrait of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi ( Latinized as Algorithmi) a Persian scholar who produced works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography

A Hindu priest delivering a message. India; early 19th Century. ;French; lithograph; By Marlet 1828

Tipu Sultan (November 1750, Devanahalli 4 May 1799, Seringapatam), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the son of Hyder Ali, at that time an officer in the Mysorean army, and his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-Nissa. He was given a number of honorific titles, and was referred to as Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Shahab, Tipu Saheb, Bahadur Khan Tipu Sultan or Fatih Ali Khan Tipu Sultan Bahadur. During Tipu's childhood, his father rose to take power in Mysore, and Tipu took over rule of the kingdom upon his father's death. In addition to his role as ruler, he was a scholar, soldier, and poet. He was a devout Muslim but the majority of his subjects were Hindus. At the request of the French, he built a church, the first in Mysore. He was proficient in many languages. In alliance with the French in their struggle with the British, and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, both Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali used their French trained

Painting of Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi father of Mahatma Gandhi, 1850 India Copyright: xJayanxMitra/DinodiaxPhotox -

Flavius Josephus (c37 - c100) Jewish soldier and historian. Engraving

Page from an album (side one: An Armenian Bishop, side two: calligraphy). Afzal al-HusayniSultan 'Ali al-Mashhadi. Iran, Isfahan, circa 1650. Manuscripts; folios. Ink, opaque watercolor and gold on paper

Portrait of Al-Kindi. Abu Yusuf Yaqoub ibn Ishaq as-Sabah al-Kindi was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician

Kutschiut Mehmed Pasha.

Palestine is a name given to the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The region is also known as the Land of Israel, the Holy Land and the Southern Levant. In 1832 Palestine was conquered by Muhammad Ali's Egypt, but in 1840 Britain intervened and returned control of the Levant to the Ottomans in return for further capitulations. The end of the 19th century saw the beginning of Zionist immigration and the Revival of the Hebrew language. The movement was publicly supported by Great Britain during World War I with the Balfour Declaration of 1917. The British captured Jerusalem a month later, and were formally awarded a mandate in 1922. In 1947, following World War II and the Holocaust, the British Government announced their desire to terminate the Mandate, and the United Nations General Assembly voted to partition the territory into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The Jewish leadership accepted the proposal but the Arab Higher Committee rejected it; a

Kutschiut Mehmed Pasha.

Ottoman Sultan MEHMET I, 1467-1520, son of Beyazid I, from Memorie Turchesche, manuscript, 16th century

Murad Bey Muhammad (1750 - 7 April 1801), also called Murad Bey the Great, was an emir of the Mamluks and regent in Egypt together with Ibrahim Bey, portrait and signature, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century, exact original date not known

SELIM III, 1761-1808 Ottoman sultan (ruled 1789-1807)

Neofit Rilski or Neophyte of Rila (Nikola Poppetrov Benin) (1793-1881). Bulgarian monk, teacher and artist. He produced the first translation of the Bible into modern Bulgarian. Portrait by Zahariy Zograf (1810-1853), 1838. Oil on canvas. National Gallery. Sofia, Bulgaria. Author: Zahariy Zograf (1810-1853). Bulgarian painter.

These figures represent a Sultan and a Sultana in the Ottoman Empire in 1500. The illustration dates to 1882.

Egypt/Syria: Detail of a portrait of Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, 1138-1193), Abu al-'Iz Ibn Isma'īl ibn al-Razaz al-Jazarī (1136-1206), 15th century. Although Al-Jazari was a contemporary of Saladin, the attribution remains disputed

Tens-Wau-Ta-Waw. The Prophet approx. 1837-1844, Indian, historical Indian tribes from North America, Charles Bird King 1785 - 1862, historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated

Albanian Herdsman, Jean Baptiste Vanmour (workshop of), 1700 - 1737 painting An Albanian shepherd. Standing, back in a landscape, staff in the left hand, in the right hand a grazing sheep on a line. Istanbul canvas. oil paint (paint) herding, herdsman, herdswoman, shepherd, shepherdess, cowherd, etc.. folk costume, regional costume Turkey. Albania

A murid from Shamyl, Caucasus, in Sufism the term for a novice or adept who has decided to follow the mystical path, suluk, and for this purpose has entrusted himself to the guidance of a sheikh or pir, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

Selim II (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثانى Selīm-i sānī; 28 May 1524 - 12 December/15 December 1574), also known as 'Selim the Sot' and as 'Sarı Selim' (Selim the Blond), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574.

Lithographic portraits chief of Bhore mahratta India NO MR Copyright: xJehangirxSorabjee/DinodiaxPhotox

Mughal emperor Shah Jahan miniature painting on paper Copyright: xBhagwandasxRupani/DinodiaxPhotox

A person of high rank with the head and upper body of a man and a tail of a serpent (), with folded hands. Gouache painting by an Indian artist.

Oikonomos, Konstantinos .

Mehmet III Adli May 26, 1566 December 21/22, 1603 sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death.

Portrait of Al-Farabi (872-950 AD) a scientist, philosopher and jurist.

The evening bath, The mudir of Dongola, vintage engraving. The evening bath, The mudir of Dongola, vintage engraved illustration. Journal des Voyage, Travel Journal, 1880-81. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10659815

A musician playing a daf, an Indian percussion instrument, with sticks. Gouache painting by an Indian artist.

Portrait of Al-Zahrawi. Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-'Abbas al-Zahrawi al-Ansari (936-1013 AD)an Arab Muslim physician, surgeon and chemist

Vintage photo of ashu zarathustra, india, asia Copyright: xAnilxDave/DinodiaxPhotox

Mani (c.216-276 CE), of Iranian origin, was the prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a gnostic religion of Late Antiquity which was once widespread but is now extinct. Mani was born in or near Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Asuristan (Assyria), at the time still part of the Parthian Empire. Six of his major works were written in Syriac Aramaic and the seventh, dedicated to the king of the empire, Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian. He died in Gundeshapur, under the Sassanid Empire.

'Icon: St Seraphim of Sarov'. Russia, Early 20th century. Dimensions: 31x26,5 cm. Museum: State Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Author: ANONYMOUS.

Old picture of the Nur Jahan Begam

Jewish woman, noble Jewish woman in noble dress and with much jewellery, from Tangier, Morocco, Jewish woman, noble Jewish woman in noble dress and with much jewellery, from Tangier, Morocco, Historic, historical, digitally improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century, exact original date not known, Africa

An Indian musician playing the shehnai. Gouache painting by an Indian artist.

A Mohametan with his Parrot, Attributed to Gangaram Chintaman Tambat, active 1790s, Anglo-Indian, undated, Watercolor and graphite with pen and black ink on medium, slightly textured, cream laid paper, Sheet: 6 5/8 × 5 inches (16.8 × 12.7 cm), religious and mythological subject

Guru Nanak (1469-1539); Birmingham; founder of modern Sikhism. His teachings and those of the 9 succeeding Gurus are collected together in the Adi Granath; the Holy book of Sikhism.

Portrait of Mirza Ghalib Urdu Shayar Copyright: xArunxMishra/DinodiaxPhotox

A Mounted Mace Bearer - India, 1902

Miniature painting of Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh Second Jaipur Copyright: xBhagwandasxRupani/DinodiaxPhotox

Tippu Tip or Tib (1837 - June 14, 1905), real name Hamad bin Muḥammad bin Jumah bin Rajab bin Muḥammad bin Saīd al-Murghabī, (Arabic: حمد بن محمد بن جمعة بن رجب بن محمد بن سعيد المرجبي‎), was a Swahili-Zanzibari trader. He was famously known by the natives of East Africa as Tippu Tib after the sounds that his many guns made. A notorious slave trader, plantation owner and governor, who worked for a succession of sultans of Zanzibar, he led many trading expeditions into Central Africa, involving the slave trade and ivory trade. He constructed profitable trading posts that reached deep into Central Africa. He built himself a trading empire that he then translated into clove plantations on Zanzibar. Abdul Sheriff reported that when he left for his twelve years of empire building on the mainland, he had no plantations of his own. However, by 1895, he had acquired 'seven shambas [plantations and 10,000 slaves'. His mother, Bint Habib bin Bushir, was a Muscat Arab of the ruling class. His f

Marfa Aranas'evna VENECIANOVA Russian woman in traditional costume 1824-30

Portrait of founder of bishnoi guru Jambeshwar at temple at Mukam near Nagaur, Rajasthan, India Copyright: xSubhashxSharma/DinodiaxPhotox

Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598) on 500 Won 1973 Banknote from South Korea. Korean naval commander.

King Solomon and Cleopatra, Pharaoh Cleopatra VII born 69 BC, died 12 August 30 BC, ruled Egypt as the last queen of the Macedonian-Greek dynasty of the Ptolemies from 51 BC to 30 BC, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from an original of the period

French lithograph of a member of the Hindu Cangasabady (Chatti) caste, by Marlet 1828. This caste traded canvas and cotton.

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