Rocket Launches Through History

A collection of historic rocket launches, showcasing different models like Saturn V and Atlas-Centaur at various launch sites, set against diverse backgrounds.

Launch of a Thor-Delta missile. Base: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station State: Florida (FL) Country: United States Of America (USA)

Launch of a Thor-Delta missile. Base: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station State: Florida (FL) Country: United States Of America (USA)

This picture is of an Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle, carrying the High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO)-1, on Launch Complex 36 at the Air Force Eastern Test Range prior to launch on August 12, 1977. The Kennedy Space Center managed the launch operations that included a pre-aunch checkout, launch, and flight, up through the observatory separation in orbit.

First test flight of a giant Saturn V rocket for the Apollo 4 mission at the Kennedy Space Center. Nov. 8, 1967.

S63-07608 (1963) --- Preparation for launch of Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9).

A Titan booster launched the Gemini 8 spacecraft on March 16, 1966 from launch complex 19 Cape Kennedy, Florida. The flight crew for the 3 day mission, astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and David R. Scott, achieved the first rendezvous and docking to Atlas/Agena in Earth orbit.

The first Redstone was fired at Cape Canaveral, Florida on August 20, 1953. Redstone was the first major rocket development program for United States by the Peenemuende group led by Dr. Wernher von Braun. The Redstone launch photographed here, from November 17, 1954, was the fifth launch of a Redstone rocket.

The modified Jupiter C (sometimes called Juno I), used to launch Explorer I, had minimum payload lifting capabilities. Explorer I weighed slightly less than 31 pounds. Juno II was part of America's effort to increase payload lifting capabilities. Among other achievements, the vehicle successfully launched a Pioneer IV satellite on March 3, 1959, and an Explorer VII satellite on October 13, 1959. Responsibility for Juno II passed from the Army to the Marshall Space Flight Center when the Center was activated on July 1, 1960. On November 3, 1960, a Juno II sent Explorer VIII into a 1,000-mile deep orbit within the ionosphere.

View of the shuttle Discovery on the launch pad just prior to STS 51-D launch. The surrounding area is dark, with the launch complex accented by spotlights.

S61-01928 (5 May 1961) --- Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3), the United States' first manned spaceflight, is launched from Cape Canaveral on a suborbital mission. Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. was the pilot of the Mercury spacecraft, designated Freedom 7 . The spacecraft attained a maximum speed of 5,180 miles per hour (mph), reached an altitude of 116 1/2 statute miles, and landed 302 statute miles downrange from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Saturn V Carrying the Apollo 17 at Night

Rocket lifting off from launch pad, illustration

Launch of Skylab on a two-stage Saturn V missile. The unmanned launch carried the Worlds first space station into Earth Orbit. May 14, 1973.

Titan/Centaur-7 Rocket With Solar Probe, 12/74

S61-01925 (25 April 1961) --- View of the Mercury-Atlas 3 (MA-3) liftoff from Cape Canaveral, Florida on April 25, 1961. The orbital test flight of the Mercury capsule did not achieve orbit and was destroyed after 40 seconds by Range Safety Officer when the inertial guidance system failed to pitch the vehicle over toward the horizon.

The Atlas/Agena launch vehicle carrying The Mariner-V spacecraft on launch pad on June 14, 1967. The Marina V mission was to explore the planet Venus.

On Launch Pad 17-A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, a Delta 7925 rocket (left) waits for three additional solid rocket boosters (right) to arrive. Scheduled to launch April 7, 2001, the rocket will carry the 2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter, containing three science instruments: THEMIS, the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS), and the Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE). THEMIS will map the mineralogy and morphology of the Martian surface using a high-resolution camera and a thermal infrared imaging spectrometer. The GRS will achieve global mapping of the elemental composition of the surface and determine the abundance of hydrogen in the shallow subsurface. The MARIE will characterize aspects of the near-space radiation environment with regards to the radiation-related risk to human explorers

Apollo 17 Spacecraft at Night

An Image Of Explorer I. The First U.S. Satellite To Obtain Earth Orbit.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On Pad 17A at Cape Canaveral Air Station, a Delta II rocket appears to float just above the pad as it is lifted up the gantry. Scheduled for launch on Dec. 10, 1998, the rocket is carrying the Mars Climate Orbiter. The orbiter is heading for Mars where it will primarily support its companion Mars Polar Lander spacecraft, which is planned for launch on Jan. 3, 1999. The orbiter's instruments will monitor the Martian atmosphere and image the planet's surface on a daily basis for one Martian year (1.8 Earth years). It will observe the appearance and movement of atmospheric dust and water vapor, as well as characterize seasonal changes on the surface. The detailed images of the surface features will provide important clues to the planet's early climate history and give scientists more information about possible liquid water reserves beneath the surface

November 8, 1967 - High-angle view of Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, showing the Apollo 4 (Spacecraft 017/Saturn 501) unmanned, Earth-orbital space mission being readied for launch.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Columbia sits on Launch Pad 39B in preparation for the launch of STS-93. This view shows the flame trench, 490 feet long and 40 feet high, which helps contain the intense heat that occurs at launch. Columbia was rolled out June 7, less than two weeks after the liftoff of Discovery on mission STS-96. The STS-93 payload is the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the world's most powerful X-ray telescope, which will allow scientists from around the world to see previously invisible black holes and high-temperature gas clouds, giving the observatory the potential to rewrite the books on the structure and evolution of our universe. Columbia (OV-102) is the first of NASA's orbiter fleet, delivered to Kennedy Space Center in March 1979. Columbia initiated the Space Shuttle flight program at KSC when it lifted off Launch Pad 39A on April 12, 1981

Psyche at Sunset. NASAs Psyche spacecraft stands tall atop a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket at Kennedy Space Centers historic Launch Complex 39A in Florida on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2023. Liftoff of Psyche is targeted for 10:19 a.m. EDT Friday, Oct. 13. The mission will explore an asteroid that scientists hope will help solve mysteries of our solar system for the benefit of humanity. This includes, for the first time, examining a world dominantly made not of rock or ice, but of metal, to answer fundamental questions about Earths own metal core and the formation of our solar system. Psyche also will carry a technology demonstration - NASAs Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) experiment - that will test a next-generation way to communicate from space.

S69-56596 (28 Oct. 1969) --- A nighttime, ground-level view of Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center (KSC) showing the Apollo 12 (Spacecraft 108/Lunar Module 6/Saturn 507) space vehicle, during the terminal phase of a Countdown Demonstration Test (CDDT). The crew of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's

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S70-34853 (11 April 1970) --- The Apollo 13 (Spacecraft 109/Lunar Module 7/Saturn 508) space vehicle is launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), at 2 13 p.m. (EST), April 11, 1970. The crew of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's

The first stage of Boeing's Delta 7326 rocket, which will be used to launch the Deep Space 1 spacecraft, arrives at Pad 17A at Cape Canaveral Air Station. Targeted for launch on Oct. 15, 1998, this first flight in NASA's New Millennium Program is designed to validate 12 new technologies for scientific space missions of the next century. Onboard experiments include an ion propulsion engine and software that tracks celestial bodies so the spacecraft can make its own navigation decisions without the intervention of ground controllers. Deep Space 1 will complete most of its mission objectives within the first two months but will also do a flyby of a near-Earth asteroid, 1992 KD, in July 1999

December 15, 1965 - Gemini VI lifts off from its launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Gemini VI rendezvoused with Gemini VII, already orbiting the Earth.

View of STS Endeavor

STS-131 Discovery Lift & Mate to SRB/ET Stack

At Pad 17A, Cape Canaveral Air Station, a Boeing Delta II rocket waits with its four solid rocket boosters for final preparations to launch the Stardust satellite on Feb. 6, 1999. The rocket will carry Stardust into space for a close encounter with the comet Wild 2 in January 2004. Using a medium called aerogel, Stardust will capture comet particles flying off the nucleus of the comet, plus collect interstellar dust for later analysis. The collected samples will return to Earth in a Sample Return Capsule to be jettisoned as Stardust swings by Earth in January 2006

S89-28111 (3 Feb 1989) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery, atop a mobile launch platform, is rolled through the doors of the huge vehicle assembly building (VAB) at 6 a.m., Feb. 3, 1989 on its way to Launch Complex 39. The trip to the pad takes approximately 5 and 1/2 hours. Onboard the spacecraft in mid-March for a five-day mission, on which will be deployed a third tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-D), will be Astronauts Michael L. Coats, John E. Blaha, James F. Buchli, James P. Bagian and Robert C. Springer.

The Mobile Service Tower is ready to be rolled back at Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, to launch the Delta II Heavy launch vehicle carrying the rover "Opportunity" on the second Mars Exploration Rover mission. Opportunity will reach Mars on Jan. 25, 2004. Together the two MER rovers, Spirit (launched June 10) and Opportunity, seek to determine the history of climate and water at two sites on Mars where conditions may once have been favorable to life. The rovers are identical. They will navigate themselves around obstacles as they drive across the Martian surface, traveling up to about 130 feet each Martian day. Each rover carries five scientific instruments including a panoramic camera and microscope, plus a rock abrasion tool that will grind away the outer surfaces of rocks to expose their interiors for examination. Each rovers prime mission is planned to last three months on Mars.

Mercury-Atlas Test Launch

Ares I-X -- First Flight of a New Moon Rocket

The first stage of a Boeing Delta rocket is in vertical position in the gantry on Launch Pad 17-A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The rocket will carry the 2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter, scheduled for launch April 7, 2001. Mars Odyssey contains three science instruments: THEMIS, the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS), and the Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE). THEMIS will map the mineralogy and morphology of the Martian surface using a high-resolution camera and a thermal infrared imaging spectrometer. The GRS will achieve global mapping of the elemental composition of the surface and determine the abundance of hydrogen in the shallow subsurface. The MARIE will characterize aspects of the near-space radiation environment with regards to the radiation-related risk to human explorers

Cape Canaveral, Florida: February 6, 1959. A Titan missile, the Air Force's newest intercontinental ballistic missile for the Strategic Air Command (SAC), is readied for a test launching.

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Vintage Photograph. Discoverer satellite being launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base. Frame 2

The Mars Odyssey spacecraft (left) disappears into the top of the gantry at Launch Pad 17-A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where it will be mated with the Delta II rocket seen in the center. The spacecraft will map the Martian surface in search of geological features that could indicate the presence of water, now or in the past, and may contribute significantly toward understanding what will be necessary for a more sophisticated exploration of Mars. Launch is scheduled for 11 02 a.m. EDT April 7

The GOES-K weather satellite lifts off from Launch Pad 36B at Cape Canaveral Air Station on an Atlas 1 rocket (AC-79) at 1:49 a.m. EDT April 25. The GOES-K is the third spacecraft to be launched in the new advanced series of geostationary weather satellites for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The GOES-K is built for NASA and NOAA by Space Systems/LORAL of Palo Alto, Calif. The advanced weather satellite was built and launched for NOAA under technical guidance and project management by NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center. Once it is in geosynchronous orbit at 22,240 miles above the Earths equator at 105 degrees West Longitude and undergoes its final checkout, the GOES-K will be designated GOES-10. The primary objective of the GOES-K launch is to provide a full-capability satellite in an on-orbit storage condition to assure NOAA backup continuity in weather coverage of the Earth in case one of the existing two operational GOES satellites now in orbit begins to

A Boeing Delta II rocket lifts off from Space Complex-2, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The rocket carries a NASA Landsat 7 Satellite that will go into a polar orbit. The Delta rocket has a NASA Landsat 7 Satellite payload that went into a polar orbit on April 15th 1999. Base: Vandenberg Air Force Base State: California (CA) Country: United States Of America (USA)

Pictured in front of the Saturn 1 launch vehicle are (L to R) Dr. Rocco Petrone, Director of Launch Operations at Kennedy Space Center; Dr. Werher von Braun, Director of Marshall Space Flight Center; Dr. Oswald Lange, Director of the Saturn Systems Office; Mr. Hans. H. Maus, Director of Fabrication and Assembly Engineering Division; and Dr. Hans Gruene, Deputy Director of Launch Operations Directorate. Maus and Gruene were original members of von Braun's rocket team.

S65-43447 (22 July 1965) --- Overall view of Pad 19 showing Gemini-5 spacecraft atop the Gemini Launch Vehicle 5 during a wet mock simulation exercise.

The Discovery space shuttle framed by a full moon. Its maiden flight was STS-41-D which launched on August 30, 1984. Over 27 years of service it flew 39 missions, gathering more flight time than any other spacecraft to date.

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Psyche at Sunset. NASAs Psyche spacecraft stands tall atop a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket at Kennedy Space Centers historic Launch Complex 39A in Florida on Thursday, Oct. 12, 2023. Liftoff of Psyche is targeted for 10:19 a.m. EDT Friday, Oct. 13. The mission will explore an asteroid that scientists hope will help solve mysteries of our solar system for the benefit of humanity. This includes, for the first time, examining a world dominantly made not of rock or ice, but of metal, to answer fundamental questions about Earths own metal core and the formation of our solar system. Psyche also will carry a technology demonstration - NASAs Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) experiment - that will test a next-generation way to communicate from space.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - On Launch Complex-41 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, the Atlas V/Centaur rocket with NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, and NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, known as LCROSS, on top reach the launch pad. Circling the pad are the protective lightning towers. LRO and LCROSS are the first missions in NASA's plan to return humans to the moon and begin establishing a lunar outpost by 2020. The LRO also includes seven instruments that will help NASA characterize the moon's surface: DIVINER, LAMP, LEND, LOLA, CRATER, Mini-RF and LROC. Launch is scheduled for 5:22 p.m. EDT June 18 .

Artist's impression of the separation stage of the Gemini-Titan II. Gemini-Titan II was an American expendable launch system derived from the Titan II missile, which was used to launch twelve Gemini missions for NASA between 1964 and 1966. Dated 20th century

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) spacecraft successfully launches at 2:47:41 a.m. EDT aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. Designed and built by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Md., the 2,138-pound (970-kilogram) spacecraft was placed into an elliptical Earth orbit 63 minutes after launch. About 19 minutes later the mission operations team at APL acquired a signal from the spacecraft through the Deep Space Network antenna station in Goldstone, Calif., and by 5:45 a.m. EDT Mission Director Dr. Robert W. Farquhar of the Applied Physics Lab confirmed the craft was operating normally and ready to carry out its early orbit maneuvers. CONTOUR will orbit Earth until Aug. 15, when it is scheduled to fire its main engine and enter a comet-chasing orbit around the sun. The mission's flexible four-year plan includes encounters with comets Encke (Nov. 12, 2003) a

Vintage Photograph. Liftoff of Apollo 10.

Documentary views of the STS-26 Flight Readiness Firing at KSC, Pad 39B, on 10 Aug 1988. (KSC-88PC-752 closer) (KSC-88PC-752, 753)

Psyche Liftoff. A side booster from SpaceXs Falcon Heavy rocket successfully lands at the companys landing zone at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on Friday, Oct. 13, 2023, just minutes after NASAs Psyche launch from Kennedy Space Center. The Psyche mission will study a metal-rich asteroid with the same name, located in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. This is NASAs first mission to study an asteroid that has more metal than rock or ice. Riding with Psyche is a pioneering technology demonstration - NASAs Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) experiment - which will be the first test of laser communications beyond the Moon.

S66-59970 (11 Nov. 1966) --- Gemini-12 spacecraft, carrying astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, was launched from the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 19 at 3 46 p.m. (EST), Nov. 11, 1966.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Explorer I, the first American satellite, is scheduled to be launched from Cape Canaveral on Jan. 29, 1958

STS-133 DISCOVERY ET-137 X-RAY BACK SCATTER & SLIDE BASKET

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V-2 copy launched. The US rocket was based on the German V-2 missile and was the first missile launched at Cape Canaveral on July 24, 1950.

November 11, 1966 - Gemini 12 astronauts lift off aboard a Titan launch vehicle from the Kennedy Space Center, an hour and a half after their Agena target vehicle was orbited by an Atlas rocket. Launched atop an Atlas booster, the Agena target vehicle (ATV) was a spacecraft used by NASA to develop and practice orbital space rendezvous and docking techniques in preparation for the Apollo program lunar missions. The objective was for Agena and Gemini to rendezvous in space and practice docking pro

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- With the Rotating Service Structure rolled back, Space Shuttle Discovery is revealed on the Mobile Launcher Platform at Launch Pad 39A. Discovery is being readied for the STS-92 mission launch to the International Space Station (ISS). At the top is the 13-foot-wide beanie cap,” at the end of the Gaseous Oxygen Vent Arm, designed to vent gaseous oxygen vapors away from the Space Shuttle. Lower is the Orbiter Access Arm with the environmental chamber, known as the white room,” extended to the orbiter. The chamber provides entry for the crew into the orbiter and also serves as emergency egress up to 7 minutes 24 seconds before launch. The STS-92 mission payload includes Integrated Truss Structure Z-1, an early exterior framework to allow the first U.S. solar arrays on a future flight to be temporarily installed on Unity for early power; Ku-band communication to support early science capability and U.S. television; and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter t

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Boeing Delta II rocket is poised for flight on Launch Complex 17-A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, after rollback of the Mobile Service Tower (right). Topping the rocket is the payload, the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) spacecraft. Launch is scheduled at 3:46 p.m. EDT June 30. The launch will place MAP into a lunar-assisted trajectory to the Sun-Earth for a 27-month mission. The probe will measure small fluctuations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation to an accuracy of one millionth of a degree. These measurements should reveal the size, matter content, age, geometry and fate of the universe. They will also reveal the primordial structure that grew to form galaxies and will test ideas about the origins of these primordial structures. The MAP instrument will be continuously shaded from the Sun, Earth, and Moon by the spacecraft. The probe is a product of Goddard Space Flight Center in partnership with Princeton Universi

View of STS Endeavor

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The Boeing Delta II rocket is poised for flight on Launch Complex 17-A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, after rollback of the Mobile Service Tower (right). Topping the rocket is the payload, the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) spacecraft. Launch is scheduled at 3 46 p.m. EDT June 30. The launch will place MAP into a lunar-assisted trajectory to the Sun-Earth for a 27-month mission. The probe will measure small fluctuations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation to an accuracy of one millionth of a degree. These measurements should reveal the size, matter content, age, geometry and fate of the universe. They will also reveal the primordial structure that grew to form galaxies and will test ideas about the origins of these primordial structures. The MAP instrument will be continuously shaded from the Sun, Earth, and Moon by the spacecraft. The probe is a product of Goddard Space Flight Center in partnership with Princeton Universi

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- -- In this closeup of the Genesis spacecraft and Boeing Delta II launch vehicle, workers in rain gear check umbilicals on the launch tower. Genesis will be on a robotic NASA space mission to collect just 10 to 20 micrograms -- or the weight of a few grains of salt -- of solar wind, invisible charged particles that flow outward from the Sun -- and return them to Earth. This treasured smidgen of the Sun will be preserved in a special laboratory for study by scientists over the next century in search of answers to fundamental questions about the exact composition of our star and the birth of our solar system. The spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at 12:21 p.m. EDT, Aug. 3, 2001

Apollo-Soyuz at Dusk

In this close-up aerial view, the Delta II rocket with the THEMIS spacecraft atop sits ready for launch on Pad 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station as the mobile service tower begins to move away. THEMIS, an acronym for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, consists of five identical probes that will track violent, colorful eruptions near the North Pole. This will be the largest number of scientific satellites NASA has ever launched into orbit aboard a single rocket. The THEMIS mission aims to unravel the mystery behind auroral substorms, an avalanche of magnetic energy powered by the solar wind that intensifies the northern and southern lights. The mission will investigate what causes auroras in the Earths atmosphere to dramatically change from slowly shimmering waves of light to wildly shifting streaks of bright color. Launch is scheduled for 6:05 p.m.

On Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the Delta II Heavy launch vehicle carrying the rover "Opportunity" for the second Mars Exploration Rover mission is poised for launch after rollback of the Mobile Service Tower. Opportunity will reach Mars on Jan. 25, 2004. Together the two MER rovers, Spirit (launched June 10) and Opportunity, seek to determine the history of climate and water at two sites on Mars where conditions may once have been favorable to life. The rovers are identical. They will navigate themselves around obstacles as they drive across the Martian surface, traveling up to about 130 feet each Martian day. Each rover carries five scientific instruments including a panoramic camera and microscope, plus a rock abrasion tool that will grind away the outer surfaces of rocks to expose their interiors for examination. Each rovers prime mission is planned to last three months on Mars.

Liftoff of Gemini X

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A solid rocket booster arrives at Launch Complex 17-A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. It is one of nine that will be mated to the Delta rocket to launch Mars Exploration Rover 2. NASAs twin Mars Exploration Rovers are designed to study the history of water on Mars. These robotic geologists are equipped with a robotic arm, a drilling tool, three spectrometers, and four pairs of cameras that allow them to have a human-like, 3D view of the terrain. Each rover could travel as far as 100 meters in one day to act as Mars scientists' eyes and hands, exploring an environment where humans cant yet go. MER-2 is scheduled to launch June 5 as MER-A. MER-1 (MER-B) will launch June 25.

Space Shuttle Columbia, 2/81

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STS-133 Discovery on Pad 39A with Winter Solstice Moon Eclipse - scrubbed Rollback to VAB

S61-01205 (29 July 1960) --- Launch of the unmanned Mercury Atlas-1 (MA-1) spacecraft for a suborbital test flight of the Mercury capsule reentry, which did not achieve orbit. The Atlas exploded 65 seconds after launch.

USA, New Mexico, Alamogordo: International Space Hall of Fame Experimental Rocket

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