Royal Figures and Rulers

Engravings of kings and historical leaders adorned in crowns and royal attire, highlighting their authority and legacy through distinct artistry.

Portrait of Hugh, Duke of Alsace

Dinis, called 'El Liberal' (1261-1325). King of Portugal (1279-1325).

Henry V (1081/1086-1125) was the son of Emperor Henry IV, and in 1099 was crowned King of Germany and his true successor in place of his older brother Conrad, who had rebelled against their father. Henry took an oath of non-interference in imperial matters while his father ruled, but he was persuaded by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, forcing his father to abdicate in 1105 and making Henry sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.

KING JOHN OF ENGLAND (1167 - 1216) Reigned 1199 - 1216 Brother of Richard I (the Lionheart)

MANUEL I EL AFORTUNADO (1469-1521) REY DE PORTUGAL.

Phokas, oströmischer Kaiser .

Portrait of Raoul of France (893 - 936). King of France from 923 to 936. Carolingian Dynasty. History of France, from the book Atlas de la France 1842

Portrait of Hugh, Duke of Alsace

King Henry I (1068 - 1135), King of England (reigned 1100-1135).

Favila (715-739). King of Asturias. Engraving. Colored.

EDWARD I

STEPHEN.

Tiberius II Constantine (520-582) was born in Thrace and close friend to future emperor Justin II. Tiberius became commander of the Excubitors imperial guard, and when Justin II acceded to emperor, Tiberius was made his chief military commander. When Justin had a mental breakdown, his wife Sophia turned to Tiberius to manage the empire, and he was later named co-emperor and adopted son by Justin in 574. Tiberius became sole emperor after Justin died in 578, and almost had to deal with a plot to overthrow him perpetrated by Justin's widow, the dowager empress Sophia. The conspiracy failed, and Tiberius returned his attention to fighting the Sassanids in the east, as well as towards military activities in the remnants of the Western Roman Empire. By the time of his death from food poisoning in 582, the Eastern Roman Empire had become too overextended, the war against the Sassanids dragging on while raids by Avars and Slav migrations drained imperial resources. He named his general Mauric

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (c 1028-1087) first Norman King of England

Chilperich I., King of the Swiss franc Unknown artist dating: 1601/1750

Portrait of King Edward I of England. With beard, crown, sword and cloak. Edward Longshanks or the Hammer of the Scots., 1239-1307. Copperplate engraving from M. A. Jones History of England from Julius Caesar to George IV, G. Virtue, 26 Ivy Lane, London, 1836.

Historical steel engraving from the 19th Century, portrait of the West Frankish King Louis IV or Louis the overseas or Transmarinus IV d'Outre-Mer, from the dynasty of the Carolingians, 10 Century

Franz I, King of France.

Frederick III (1415-1493), also known as Frederick the Fat and Frederick the Peaceful, was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He became duke of Inner Austria in 1424 at the age of nine, but would not rule until 1435, with his younger brother Albert asserting his rights as co-ruler. By 1439, Frederick had become the undisputed head of the Habsburg dynasty.

Richard II 1367 - 1400 King of England Engraved by Bocquet from the book A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors published 1806

Henry IV os Castile (1454-1474). Son of the king John II. Engraving. History of Spain.

Portrait of Portugal King Sancho II; Kings and Princes of Portugal.

KING EGBERT (775-839) King of the West Saxons (Wessex) (reigned 802-839)

Clovis, King of the Franks. Artist: Unknown

Pepin le Bref, Pepin the Younger, Pepin III or Pippin the Short, c. 714-768, King of the Franks, Pepin le Bref, Pippin der Jüngere, Pippin III, Pippin der Kurze oder Pippin der Kleine

Portrait of Rothari, King of Longobards

Henry I (c1005-1060) king of France from 1031. Son of Robert II and grandson of Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty. Copperplate engraving 1793.

Maurice (539-602) was born in Cappadocia and quickly rose to become a prominent general in his youth, with numerous successes under his belt from campaigning against the Sassanid Empire. He married Constantina, Emperor Tiberius II's daughter, and succeeded his father-in-law as emperor in 582, inheriting a tumultuous situation of numerous warring fronts and high tributes to Avar barbarians. Maurice quickly brought the war against the Sassanids to a victorious conclusion and vastly expanded the Byzantine Empire's eastern border in the Caucasus. He pushed the Avars back across the Danube River in 599, and became the first Roman emperor to campaign across the Danube in over two centuries. In the West, Maurice established two large semi-autonomous provinces known as exarchates. One was established in Italy, in Ravenna, while the other was in Africa, solidifying Constantinople's power in the western Mediterranean. Maurice's reign was troubled with almost constant warfare and financial diffic

Grimoald, König there.

Collin, Richard, Antwerp, Waumans, Coenraet, Portrait of Louis III, King of France, verso lower left - stamped, King of France. In the margin are a coat of arms and a three-line caption with biographical information in French., print, prent, prints, prenten, height 176 mm, width 120 mm, Zuid-Nederlands, 1619-06-19 - 1652, print maker, prentmaker, 1662 - 1662, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), Zuid-Nederlands (before 1775), 1627 - 1697

Charles I of Anjou, Charles d'Anjou, Carlo d'Angio, March 1227, 7 January 1285, was King of Sicily since 1266, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date unknown

Engraving depicting Ivan III 'The Terrible' (1530-1584) the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and Tsar of All the Russias from 1547 until his death. Dated 16th Century

'Aurelianus', (214- 275 AD), 1830. Aurelian (214- 275 AD) Roman Emperor from 270 to 275, responsible for the construction of the Aurelian Walls in Rome. From "Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard. Thomas Tegg, R. Griffin and Co., J. Cumming, London, Glasgow and Dublin, 1830

Portrait of Alaric I, King of Visigoths

Albrecht of Brandenburg, Albrecht Achilles, November 9, 1414 - March 11, 1486, of the House of Hohenzollern, was Margrave of Ansbach as Albrecht I from 1440 and Kulmbach from 1464 / Albrecht von Brandenburg, Albrecht Achilles, 9. November 1414 - 11. März 1486, aus dem Haus Hohenzollern, war als Albrecht I. ab 1440 Markgraf zu Ansbach und ab 1464 Kulmbach, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert,.

Portrait Richard the Lion Heart

Portrait of Eudes of Paris (858 - 898). King of France from 888 to 898. Carolingian Dynasty. History of France, from the book Atlas de la France 1842

The head of Henry II at the portal of the east gate of the Bamberg Cathedral, woodcut, Germany, Europe

Illustration depicting Henry II of England. Henry II of England (1133-1189) King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and Lord of Ireland.

IVAN III DE RUSIA. (Ivan III Vasilievich) 1440-1505. Conocido como Iván el Grande. Gran Príncipe de Moscú y el primero en adoptar el título de "Gran Príncipe de todas las Rusias". Grabado coloreado de autor desconocido.

Heinrich Aldegrever, a German engraver, painter and seal cutter of the Renaissance, historical illustration

Henry I, c. 1068 - 1135, aka Henry Beauclerc. King of England. From The History of Progress in Great Britain, published 1866.

Der Kopf Heinrichs II. am Portal des Osttores des Bamberger Doms, Deutschland, digitale verbesserte Reproduktion eines Originaldrucks aus dem 19. Jahr...

Philip I, Philippe I, Philipp I, 1052-1108, called the Amorous, King of the Franks

Robert II the Pious (971-1031) A member of the Capetian dynasty. King of France from 996. Copperplate engraving, 1793.

Claudius II (210-270), also known as Claudius Gothicus, was of Illyrian origin and barbarian birth. He was a career soldier, having served his entire adult life in the Roman army. He was a military tribune in Emperor Gallienus' army during the siege of Milan in 268 when Gallienus was murdered by his own ofifcials, possibly including Claudius. Claudius was then proclaimed emperor by his own soldiers, possibly because of his physical strength and cruelty. Claudius, like the previous barbarian emperor Maximinus Thrax, was a soldier-emperor, the first in a series that would restore the Empire from the disaster that had been the Crisis of the Third Century. The Empire had been divided into three different entities under the reign of Gallienus, with the Gallic Empire in the West and Palmyrene Empire in the East. Claudius, however, focused his immediate attentions on dealing with foreign invaders, defeating the Goths during the Battle of Naissus in one of the greatest victories in Roman histo

Florianus (-276), also known as Florian, was the maternal half-brother of Emperor Tacitus. He was made Praetorian Prefect by Tacitus in his war against the Goths, and when Tacitus died in 276, the army in the West declared Florian the next emperor without the consent of the Senate. Florian had the support of many of the western provinces, while rival claimant Probus had the support of the eastern provinces. The two rivals fought each other at the Battle of Cilicia, with Florian possessing the larger army but Probus being a more experienced general. Florian's army, not used to the hot and dry climate of Cilicia, soon began to lose their confidence. They eventually turned on him and executed him in September 276, barely eighty-eight days into his reign.

WLADYSLAW II First ruler of the Jagiello dynasty, duke of Lithuania, destroyed the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg 1410, established Poland as a power. Date: 1351 - 1434

Tacitus, Roman emperor.

Themistocles, 525 BC - 459 BC, statesman and general of Athens, historical woodcut, circa 1880

King Afonso III of Portugal, 1210 - 1279. Nicknamed the Boulonnais. After a 17th century engraving.

Liuvigild (525-586). Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania from 568 -585. From 585 he was also king of Galicia. Portrait. Engraving. Colored.

Luis Vaz de Camoes, Luiz Vaz de Camoes, 1524 oder 1525 -10. Juni 1579 oder 1580, gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Dichter Portugals, Historisch, digit...

LOTARIO. REY DE FRANCIA. 941 - 986. GRABADO. BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL . MADRID.

Engraving depicting Philip II of Macedon (382 BC- 336 BC) king of the Ancient Greek Kingdom of Macedon until assassination and father of Alexander the Great. Dated 15th century

Childebert III, called the Just, 670 or 683-711, Merovingian King of the Franks

Charlemagne (742-814). King of the Franks (768-814), king of the Lombards (774-814), and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (800-814). Portrait. Engraving. Detail. "Historia Universal", by César Cantú. Volume III, 1855.

Franz von Sickingen, Imperial Knight, 1481 - 1523, historical illustration, portrait, 1880

GUILLAUME-CLITON DE NORMANDIE son of Robert III, duc de Normandie, failed to recover estates deprived by Henry II of England, made Comte de Flandres, but not popular. Date: 1102 - 1128

Historical steel engraving from the 19th Century, portrait, Chlothar III or Clotaire III, King of the Franks from the house of the Merovingians, 7th Century

$Richard II (1367-1400), King of England since 1377, forced to abdicate in September 1399 in favour of Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV), died, probably murdered, at Pontefract Castle in early 1400, member of the Plantagenet dynasty, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated$

King Egbert of Wessex, first king of all England.Artist: George Vertue

Liuvigild (525-586). Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania from 568 -585. From 585 he was also king of Galicia. Portrait. Engraving. Colored.

Thierry III, Theoderic, Theodoric, Theuderic III, or Theuderich III, 654-691, king of Neustria, Burgundy, Austrasia, king of all the Franks

Peter I of Castile (1334-1369) or Peter the Cruel. King of Castile and Leon. Portrait. Engraving in Spain Illustrated History, 19th century. Colored.

Edward, the Black Prince, c1618 (1894). Artist: Renold Elstrack.

Charles III (839-888), more commonly known as Charles the Fat, was the youngest son of Louis the German, King of East Francia, and great-grandson of Emperor Charlemagne. He was crowned as Holy Roman emperor in 881, and succeeded his brother Louis the Younger as king of Saxony and Bavaria a year later, reuniting the Kingdom of East Francia.

ENRIQUE IV. REY DE CASTILLA Y LEON. VALLADOLID 1425 - 1474. GRABADO DE ARNOLDO VANWESTER , 1684. BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL. MADRID.

FRANCISCO PIZARRO Spanish conquistador, conqueror of Peru Date: 1475 - 1541

Edward I, King of England. Artist: Unknown

Edward II of Caernarfon 1284 -1327 King of England 1307-1327, Edward II of Caernarfon 1284 -1327 King of England 1307-1327 Engraved by Bocquet from the book A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors published 1806, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Germany: Illustration of Maximilian II (1527-1576), 32nd Holy Roman emperor, from the book Romanorvm imperatorvm effigies: elogijs ex diuersis scriptoribus per Thomam Treteru S. Mariae Transtyberim canonicum collectis, c. 1583

King Henry II. Artist: Unknown

Portrait bust of a king, Pieter Jansz Quast, 1615 - 1647 print Portrait bust of a king (possibly King David). His straight hair along the head and a decorated crown on the head. On his cloak a buckle in the shape of a coat of arms. Netherlands paper etching crown (symbol of sovereignty). armorial bearing, heraldry. ruler, sovereign - BB - female ruler

Ataulf. Germanic king of the Visigoths from 410-415. Engraving.

Tuscany Siena Montalcino Museo Diocesano1. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 Post-medieval: Painting, sculpture German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

Wittiza (687-709). Visigothic King of Hispania from 694 until his death, co-ruling with his father, Ergica, until 702 or 703. He called the Eighteenth Council of Toledo and new laws added to the Liber Iudiciorum. Colored engraving.

Hildeprand, King of Longobards and King of Italy

Johann I, King of Portugal.

Margaret I of Denmark (1353-1412), Anonymous

John I of Castile (1358-1390). King of Castile from 1379 until 1390. Portrait, detail. Engraving by Antonio Roca. Las Glorias Nacionales, 1853. Author: Antonio Roca Sallent (1813-1864). Spanish engraver.

Constantine XI (1404-53), Last Byzantine Emperor, Woodcut from "Les Vrais Pourtraits et vies des Hommes Illustres" by Andre Thevet, 1584

Władysław IV; Verso: A fragment of Alexander VII's portrait; after 1655 (1655-00-00-1710-00-00);

Jindee Shah, Kamit Peer Baba, Afghanistan, from the Savage and Semi-Barbarous Chiefs and Rulers series (N189) issued by Wm. S. Kimball & Co. 1888 Issued by William S. Kimball & Company Trade cards from the "Savage and Semi-Barbarous Chiefs and Rulers" series (N189), issued in an unnumbered set of 50 cards in 1888 by Wm. S. Kimball & Co.. Jindee Shah, Kamit Peer Baba, Afghanistan, from the Savage and Semi-Barbarous Chiefs and Rulers series (N189) issued by Wm. S. Kimball & Co.. 1888. Commercial color lithograph. Issued by William S. Kimball & Company

Portrait of Theophrastus, a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos, was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. Dated 15th Century

Roderick (Rodrigo). The last Visigothic king (710 to 711). He lost the throne when the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by the Muslims. Portrait. Engraving. Later colouration. Las Glorias Nacionales. Volume II, Madrid-Barcelona edition, 1853.

Béla IV. November 1206 -3. May 1270 was King of Hungary from 1235 to 1270 and as Bela III. In personal union also King of Croatia and from 1254 to 1258 Duke of Styria, historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated,

Louis VIII the Lion, Ludwig VIII, 1187-1226, King of France from the House of Capet, King of England

DOÑA URRACA. REINA DE CASTILLA LEON. 1077 - 1126. GRABADO DE ARNOLDO VANWESTER , 1684. GRABADO CON EL REY ALFONSO I , REY DE ARAGON Y NAVARRA.

Suintila (588-633/635). Visigothic King of Hispania, Septimania and Galicia from 621 to 631. Portrait. Engraving. Colored.

Old color lithography portrait. Louis IX the Saint (1215 - 1270). King of France from 1226 to 1270. House of Capet, Direct Capetians or House of Franc

España. Edad media. Chindasvinto (563-653), rey de los visigodos del 642 al 653.

Sir Hugh Willoughby, portrait, England, 16th century, Arctic, explorer, discoverer, famous, wealthy, robe, noble, furniture, historical illustration 1885

Edward I, alias Longshanks, 1239, 1307, King of England, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

K auf dem Thron, nach einer Miniatur aus dem XIV. Jahrhundert aus der Nationalbibliothek Paris, digitale verbesserte Reproduktion eines Originaldrucks...

Amalaric (502-531). King of the Visigoths from 511 to 531. He was son of king Alaric II. In 522 Amalaric was proclaimed king, assuming the royal power four years later because the death of Theodoric. Engraving, 1852. Later colouration.

Aristotle (384-322 BC) Greek philospher and scientist. Pedro Berruguete (attributed to) c1450-1503/4 and Justus de Gand (active 1460-1475). Oil on wood. Louvre, Paris.

FERNANDO IV " EL EMPLAZADO ". REY DE CASTILLA Y LEON. SEVILLA 1285 - 1312. GRABADO RETRATO DE ARNOLDO VANWESTER , 1684. BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL. MADRID.

Maria de Molina or Lady of Molina (1265-1321). Queen consort of Castile-Leon from 1284-1295. Portrait. Engraving. Soain.

Henry VIII of England, (1491-1547). Artist: Unknown

Charles V, Habsburg, Charles I and Carlos I of Spain, Roman-German King, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, historical illustration

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