Medieval Justice and Martyrdom

Woodcuts illustrating scenes of 15th-16th century justice, including punishment and martyrdom, showcasing detailed historical imagery.

Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484-1485-1545), Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence, 1505, woodcut

Court session, in the foreground the criminal is being pulled up by the throat, in the background one can see the various death blows, facsimile of a woodcut by Hans Burgkmait, 15th century, Germany, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th century print, exact original date not known, Europe

Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484-1485-1545), Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence, 1505, woodcut

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). The little passion on wood: ECCE HOMO (BARTSCH 35). 1509. Museum of Fine Arts in the city of Paris, Petit Palais. 77216-15 ECCE HOMO, Gospel according to Saint John, New Testament, Passion of Christ, Renaissance, Life Christ, Engraving

Alexander has wound dressed that he received from Darius. unknown c. 1600 Tapestry Dimensions: H 10'5" x W 10'2" Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: Flemish Weaving Center: Brussels Ownership History: French & Co. received from Estate of Flora P. Kempner (Murray Levine) 2/29/1944; returned 10/26/1951 also lists: 9/5/1951. Crowned Alexander, surrounded by his generals, has wound on his knee treated by his doctor who kneels before him (R of center, foreground); woman brings pitcher on platter (L, foreground); 2 kneeling women with dish & pitcher (L of center, middle ground); army (L, background); men at combat practice (center, background) (BRD) vases of flowers & fruit interspersed with putti, female figures in corners; (UPR & LWR BRD) oval cartouches with figural scenes in center This panel is not after the Le Brun compositions. French & Co. stock sheet in archive, 76906

Job in conversation with his friends. Copy in mirror image to a print of Hans Sebald

Schoolboy having knowledge beaten into him with the birch, a scene familiar to schoolboys in Europe and Britain. Illustration for February from Les petites Heures a l'usage de Chartres, 1526. Woodcut

Partnership with Laban. Orley, Bernart van (Netherlandish (before 1600) - Flanders, ca.1492-1542) (author of design) painter Kempener, Willem I (Netherlandish (before 1600) - Flanders, act.1534-1548) (workshop) weaver c. 1530-1535 Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: Flemish Weaving Center: Brussels Ownership History: Believed to have been delivered to merchant in Antwerp (1534). Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggi coll. (before 1539). Malvezzi-Campeggi coll. (until 1898/1900). Count Tiele-Weichler, Germany (then Switzerland). French & Co. Purchased by government of Belgium (1950). Belgium, Brabant, Brussels, Musées royaux d'art et d'histoire. Inscriptions: City mark on lower guard location unknown; not visible in photograph; weaver mark location unknown; not visible in photograph Inscriptions: Inscription in upper border cartouche: POSTVLAT ABDVCTAS NATAS.. In landscape, Laban agrees to give Jacob all black & spotted sheep & goats as wages (Genesis 30:25-43); at L, figures surroundin

Lucas Cranach the Elder (German, 1472 - 1553), Ecce Homo, in or before 1509, woodcut

justice penitentiary system torture convict bounded on board with nails copper engraving by Boccaccio illustration 15th century,

Apollo, in Greek and Roman mythology the god of light, spring, moral purity and moderation as well as divination and the arts, on Mount Parnasus in Greece, 1502, after a painting by Hans Suess of Kulmbach, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Schoolboy having knowledge beaten into him with the birch, a scene familiar to schoolboys in Europe and Britain. Illustration for February from 'Les petites Heures a l'usage de Chartres', 1526. Woodcut .

The first representation of the people of the new world. From a woodcut published between 1497 and 1504.

Betrayal of Christ Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471-1528). Betrayal of Christ, 1509-1511; edition of 1511. Woodcut on laid paper, Sheet: 5 3/16 x 4 in. (13.2 x 10.2 cm). European Art 1509-1511; edition of 1511

Woodblock engraving depicting a 16th century Italian kitchen. Dated 16th century

gastronomy kitchen cook & kitchen helpers working woodcut ""Scuola di cucina"" by Cristoforo Messisburgo Ferrara 1549 Italy cooking frying fowl vegetables pan 16th century,

Christopher Columbus on board his ship, during his first voyage to the west, 16th century. The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance by Paul Lacroix, 1874

Execution site with gallows and wheel, around 1500, facsimile of a woodcut by Emperor Maximilian I Theuerdank, illustrated by Hans Burgkmair, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date not known

The Selling of Indulgences. Artist: Designed by Hans Holbein the Younger (German, Augsburg 1497/98-1543 London). Dimensions: Sheet: 3 1/4 × 10 5/8 in. (8.3 × 27 cm). Date: 16th century. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Torture, Torture, Inquisition, a. Condemned person who is stabbed in the throat, b. Killed with arrows, c. Hit on the head with an axe, d. Beheaded with a sword, e. Pierced with a lance., illustration, reproduction from a 16th century original, authentic, file restored for optimal use, exact date of submission unknown

The slander of Apelles ..

Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (1508-82) Spanish general and statesman. As lieutenant-general in the Netherlands 1567-73, enforced brutal anti-Protestant rule. Alva embracing the Papacy (Babylon/corruption) Engraving published in the Netherland

fine arts, Amman, Jost (1539-1591), woodcut, fight scene, from ""Heldenbuch"", printed by Sigmund Feyerabend, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany, 1590, facsimile from ""Der Formenschatz"" (Art Treasure) published by Georg Hirth, 1884,

Print from the 'Dance of Death' by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) a German and Swiss artist and printmaker. Dated 16th Century

trade storehouse of an Augsburg merchant woodcut to Francesco Petrarca ""Trostspiegel in Glueck und Unglueck"" Frankfurt am Main printed by Christ. Erben 1596,

Illness spears Stag and Death sounds his Horn. unknown c. 1495-1525 Tapestry Dimensions: H 3'3/8" x W 2'11" Tapestry Materials/Techniques: wool (warp: 5-6/cm); wool & silk (weft) Culture: Southern Netherlands Ownership History: Commissioned by Guy de Baudreuil, abbé comendataire of the abbey of Saint-Martin-aux-Bois in the doicese of Beauvais. M. and Mme. Kermaingant coll., Paris, by 1886. Property of French & Co. by 1923. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Lehman coll., New York, 1923. Bequeathed to the MMA by Adele L. Lehman, in memory of Arthur Lehman, 1965. United States, New York, New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, accno. 65.181.21. Inscriptions: Inscription in lower central field on banderole: Voy le veneur espouventable. Qui la mort du cerf a emprise / Cest maladie la doubtable. De qui la charogne est sourprise / Elle luy fait forte etreprise. Car de lespieu le coup luy done / Apres la mort viet cornez. prise. Aisi que teps si lordone Inscriptions: Inscription in central field on garmen

Parthian riders. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1884

Cartouche with five pieces and a shot deer or reindeer. Draughtsman: Pieter Jansz.. Dating: 1630 - 1672. Measurements: h 92 mm × w 198 mm. Museum: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

fine arts, Bruegel, Pieter the Elder (circa 1525 - 1569), ""Elck and Nemo"" (Everybody and Nobody), 1558, coper engraving, by Ioan Galle, (1600 -1675), 27.7 cm x 29.7 cm, private collection,

The parting of Columbus with Ferdinand and Isabella, 3rd August 1492

Historical illustration from the 19th Century, depiction of the tortures of the early Christians under Emperor Nero of the Roman Empire in the 1st Century

Plan of the island of Utopia. From Thomas Moore's work depicting an ideal state where reason ruled, Utopia 1518 (Ist edition 1516) Woodcut

Huwelijksfeest van Amor en Psyche.On the right in a basin for a cave, Mars and Venus are washed by eight putti. Central different mythological figures around a table, including Mercury and a Sater. Above many musicians. On the left a large group of mythological figures and exotic animals, including Bacchus, a Sater and an elephant, standing and lying around a table. The table covered with luxury crockery is covered with grape vines under a canopy. In the air, a large putto floats with wind instrument on cloud.

Lead smelting. From Agricola 'De re metallica', Basel 1556. Woodcut

Constantinople. Nuremberg Chronicle, 1494. Detail.

Illustration of John Calvin (1509-1564) an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. on his deathbed. Dated 16th Century

Thirteen Ornamental Letters (A, E, H, O, V, T). Germany, 16th century. Prints; woodcuts. Woodcut

Destruction of a Germanic village by the Romans, relief at the Colonna Antonina, the Column of Marcus Aurelius in Rome, 1800, woodcut, Italy, Europe

Illustration depicting the winner of the King of the Bean on Twelfth Night. Dated 19th Century

Jacob and his family in Egypt. Orley, Bernart van (Netherlandish (before 1600) - Flanders, ca.1492-1542) (author of design) painter Kempener, Willem I (Netherlandish (before 1600) - Flanders, act.1534-1548) (workshop) weaver c. 1530-1535 Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: Flemish Weaving Center: Brussels Ownership History: Believed to have been delivered to merchant in Antwerp (1534). Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggi coll. (before 1539). Malvezzi-Campeggi coll. (until 1898/1900). Count Tiele-Weichler, Germany (then Switzerland). French & Co. Purchased by government of Belgium (1950). Belgium, Brabant, Brussels, Musées royaux d'art et d'histoire. Inscriptions: City mark on lower guard location unknown; not visible in photograph; weaver mark location unknown; not visible in photograph Inscriptions: Inscription in upper border cartouche: ADVOCAT ATQZ PAREM.. In landscape, before architectural setting, meeting of Jacob & Joseph in Goshen (Genesis 46:28-34, 47:1-12); in background, Ja

Marggraff Hainrich in Marhern ... Dated: c. 1503. Dimensions: sheet: 26.3 × 17.9 cm (10 3/8 × 7 1/16 in.). Medium: woodcut on laid paper. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: Master of the Miracles of Mariazell.

He downs Goliath with a pebble from a brook - illustration to Wynkyn de Worde's 1530 edition of 'The XII Profytes of Tribulacyon'

Basin maker. 19th century reproduction of 16th century woodcut by Jost Amman

'En mon temps il est certain que tout meurt naturellement' In my time, all nature dies Date: 16th century

Albrecht Altdorfer (German, 1480 or before-1538), Presentation of the Virgin, c. 1513, woodcut

Scenes from the Story of Fauvel, 15th century, (1870). Artist: Unknown

Catalan literature. 15th century. Art of dying well. Chapter nine: the devil tempts with greed. Catalan edition printed in Zaragoza in 1493 by Pau Hurus. Engraving.

Francois Ravaillac Louis XIII Marie de Medicis French Catholic zealot Huguenots murder of Henry IV Henry Iv of French regicide

Alkmaar, Schabaelje, Jan Philipsz, Amsterdam, Visscher, Claes Jansz. (II), Groeningen, Gerard van, Furnius, Pieter Jalhea, The Great Figurine Bible, Parable of the Sower, Leeringhe Iesu by Gelyckenissen, The burning of the weeds and the harvesting of the grain, lower right - handwritten in brown ink, The lord of the manor, with a scepter in his hand, gives the order to bring in the harvest. The grain is harvested and the weeds are gathered and burned. A boy holds the lord of the manor's garment. Below the image a reference in Latin to the Bible text in Mat. 13:30. This print is part of an album., print, prent, albumblad, prints, prenten, 53, height 201 mm, width 247 mm, 1540 - 1626, print maker, prentmaker, 1568 - 1568, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), Work conception, South Netherlands, 1515 - 1599, after a design by, Publication (Event), Publication, North Netherlands, 1586 - 1652-06-19, publisher, uitgever, Publicatie, 1592 - 1656-04

allegorical scene. unknown c. 1530 Tapestry Dimensions: H 6'4" x W 10'8" Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: Flemish Weaving Center: Tournai Ownership History: French & Co. 3 kings seated on platform surrounded by figures, each king addressing the figures in front of him; on L king directs women pouring flasks of liquid into vat; in center king gestures towards 3 figures, who gesture towards viscious looking goats on R; on R king gestures towards man & women being attacked by pigs Borders missing. No French & Co. stock sheet in archive, no stock number

Vergil, Opera.

SAMSON DERRIBA EL TEMPLO. Grabado de 1889. Álbum de Historia Sagrada (La Santa Biblia en imágenes). Dibujo de Julio Schnorr de Carolsfeld.

LITOGRAFIA DE S ISIDRO. Location: BIBLIOTECA MUNICIPAL. MADRID. SPAIN. SAN ISIDRO LABRADOR.

Huwelijksfeest van Amor en Psyche.On the right in a basin for a cave, Mars and Venus are washed by eight putti. Central different mythological figures around a table, including Mercury and a Sater. Above many musicians. On the left a large group of mythological figures and exotic animals, including Bacchus, a Sater and an elephant, standing and lying around a table. The table covered with luxury crockery is covered with grape vines under a canopy. In the air, a large putto floats with wind instrument on cloud.

Germany, Altdorfer, Albrecht, The Fall and Redemption of Mankind, Carrying of the Cross, verso bottom center - handwritten, Christ on his knees, carrying the cross on his shoulders. Behind him a crowd of people, in front of him a soldier about to strike with a rope. Twenty-seventh print from a series of forty., print, prent, prints, prenten, 58, height 72 mm, width 48 mm, 1480 - 1538, print maker, prentmaker, 1506 - 1538, first quarter 16th century, second quarter 16th century, paper, papier, houtsnede

The caption for this engraving reads: Scenes of the attack and torture of Ravaillac, with portraits of Henri IV, Marie de Medicis, Louis XIII, Ravaillac; after an etching by an anonymous engraver. Francois Ravaillac murdered the French king Henry IV in 1610. He was a Catholic zealot and sought to persuade Henry IV to convert the Huguenots to Catholicism. Ravaillac was arrested after the assassination and tortured to divulge his acocmplices, but he maintained he had none. He was condemned to death. Henry IV was succeeded by his son Louis XIII. Marie de Medicis was the wife of Henry IV.

Emilia-Romagna Ferrara Ferrara Museo Civico di Schifanoia46. Hutzel, Max 1960-1990 General Notes: INCOMPLETE RECORD--NEGATIVES PROCESSED, PRINTS FILED German-born photographer and scholar Max Hutzel (1911-1988) photographed in Italy from the early 1960s until his death. The result of this project, referred to by Hutzel as Foto Arte Minore, is thorough documentation of art historical development in Italy up to the 18th century, including objects of the Etruscans and the Romans, as well as early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque monuments. Images are organized by geographic region in Italy, then by province, city, site complex and monument.

Execution by burning at the stake. Persons accused of spreading plague were dealt with summarily, and the slightest suspicion was enough for someone to be condemned by a frightened populace. From Sebastian Munster 'Cosmographia Universalis', Basle, 1552

Folter, Tortur, Inquisition, a. Verurteilter, der in eine Blechkiste gesperrt und in einem Fluss ertränkt wurde, b. In einen Sack mit einem Hahn, einer Viper, einem Affen und einem Hund genäht und ins Meer oder in einen nahe gelegenen Fluss geworfen., Illustration, Reproduktion von einer Vorlage aus dem 16. Jahrhundert, Mittelater, Authentisch, Datei restauriert für optimale Verwendung, genaues Datum der Vorlage unbekannt gallonio-tortures-1591-p43-1d8c88

The Year's End, Hans Sebald Beham, German, 1500-1550, Engraving on off-white laid paper, 7 in a series of 10 plates, 1546, figures, Print, Print

Keisnijder or the Witch of Mallegem. Mallegem's cobblestone or witch. In the midst of a group of fools, a quack in the light of a lantern performs an operation where a boulder is cut out of the patient's head. Right a screaming woman seated on the shoulders of an old woman. Right for cutting boulders in a large egg. In the background a water mill and fantastic beings.

A woodcut engraving depicting galleons exchanging broadsides - note the sternpost rudder on the ship on the left. Dated 16th century

The Washing of the Feet, from The Little Passion by Albrecht Dürer, 1511, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Torture, Torture, Inquisition, a. Condemned person locked in a tin box and drowned in a river, b. Sewn into a sack with a rooster, a viper, a monkey and a dog and thrown into the sea or into a nearby river., illustration, reproduction from a 16th century original, authentic, file restored for optimal use, exact date of submission unknown

Pindar (Pidare), a plate from Les Images Ou Tableaux De Platte Peinture Des Deux Philostrates Sophistes Grecs, by Blaise de Vigenère, Paris, 1615. Engraving circa 1615, by Leonard Gaultier. Gaultier, or Galter, was a French engraver, born at Mainz about 1561, and died in Paris in 1641. Les images ou tableaux de platte peinture des deux Philostrates sophistes grecs, et Les statues de Callistrate by Philostratus, the Athenian, active 2nd century-3rd century; Philostratus, the Lemnian, 3rd cent; Callistratus, active 3rd century/4th century. Pindar (c. 522 c. 443 BC); an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes.

Historic print of 1650, copper engraving from a book by Philipp von Zesen also known as Filip Coesius, Caesius or Ritterhold von Blauen, 1619 - 1689, a German Protestant hymnwriter and writer, from Bildatlas zur Geschichte der Deutschen Nationalliteratur, an illustrated atlas by Gustav Koennecke, 1887

Maximilian I and his young wife Mary of Burgundy, digitally enhanced reproduction of an original from 1880

gastronomy meals feast wood engraving after miniature 2nd half 15th century,

Woodblock engraving depicting the principles of leverage. Dated 16th century

Royal banquet, 15th century, (1910). Artist: Unknown

Joseph's departure. unknown c. 1550-1600 Tapestry Dimensions: H 8'7" x W 12'5" Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: Flemish Weaving Center: unknown Ownership History: French & Co. received from Mr. Hunt, 2/15/1913; returned, 3/4/1920 SS 9664. French & Co, purchased from J. H. Hunt, 9/14/1940 SS 19829. Jacob sends Joseph to his brothers, who are taking care of their father's flock at Shechem (Genesis 37:12-35); Joseph's mother, Rachel () & another female figure stand nearby under doorway (L & R BRD) scrolling acanthus leaf motif Upper & lower borders missing. French & Co. stock sheet in archive, 9664 French & Co. stock sheet in archive, 19829

Historical print from the 19th century, scene at the court of Rene I d'Anjou or Renatus of Anjou, 1409 - 1480

Portrait of tsar Peter I the Great on horse by Anonymous artist, Copper engraving, 1693, Russia, Moscow, State History Museum

Venetian courtesans, after a painting by Carpaccio in the Venetian gallery, historical woodcut, about 1865

Maximilian I. in disputation with the representatives of the seven free guilds, woodcut, 1880, Germany, Europe

'How Six Travelled Through the World', 1901. Artist: Edward Henry Wehnert.

The 'Small Passion' series, 1509-1511, (1936). Artist: Albrecht Dürer

PITA , MARIA. MAYOR FERNANDEZ DE LA CAMARA Y PITA. HEROINA ESPAÑOLA.SIGLO XVI. " MARIA PITA DA MUERTE A UN ALFEREZ INGLES EN EL ATAQUE DE ESTOS A LA CORUÑA EN 1589 ". GRABADO DE FERRER Y ROS.

CARCEL DE AMOR-GRABADO POR ROSEMBACK EN 1493-ORIGINAL EN EL MUSEO BRITANICO. Author: DIEGO DE SAN PEDRO (1437-1498). Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

'Semele', 1615. Artist: Leonard Gaultier

The Last Supper. unknown, graphic artist, Łazarski, Zygmunt (1885-1943), publisher

Descent from the Cross Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471-1528). Descent from the Cross, 1509-1511; edition of 1511. Woodcut on laid paper, Sheet: 5 3/16 x 4 1/16 in. (13.2 x 10.3 cm). European Art 1509-1511; edition of 1511

Wire Worker. From 16th century woodcut by Jost Amman.

Tomb of Louis de Breze, Cathedrale Rouch, vintage engraving. Tomb of Louis de Breze, Cathedrale Rouch, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1843. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10660348

Mine ventilation shaft topped with a device to extract the stale air from the mine. H is a vane to make the barrel revolve so that is always facing in the optimum wind direction. From De re metallica, by Agricola, pseudonym of Georg Bauer,Basle 1556,

Woodcut, The Last Judgement, Hans Holbein the Younger, Dance of Death, 1538

Andria, from The Comedie of Terence, 19th century reprint. Artist: Albrecht Dürer (German, Nuremberg 1471-1528 Nuremberg). Dimensions: sheet: 3 1/2 x 5 5/8 in. (8.9 x 14.3 cm). Date: n.d.. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Woodcut engraving depicting a hoist being used to raise materials to the top of a tower.

Woodcut engraving depicting a shower of meteors seen as knights fighting with swords, Basel, Switzerland. Dated 16th century

Battle in the Palace of Priam. Jean Mignon (France, active Fontainebleau, 1535-1555). France, 1544-1545. Prints; etchings. Etching

'The Clockmaker', 16th century, (1870).Artist: Jost Amman

The Ship of Fools by Sebastian Brant, 1494, late medieval moral satire. Of boasting and arrogance, Knight of Brunndrut boasts of the Battle of Murten although he was one of the first to flee, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

The extraction of metals, 1552. Engraving.

Garden of Earthly Delights by Netherlandish master, woodcut, 1460, Russia, Moscow, State A. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

Rhinoplasty: nose correction Date: Sixteenth century

'Hints to the ladies to take care of their heads', 1776. Artist: Unknown

Historia. Primera cruzada. Asalto de la ciudad de Jerusalén, en 1099. Grabado de 1906.

Alexander in battle with fantastic creatures in human form with horse heads and giant teeth, from the Brussels manuscript of the priest Lamprecht, Bel...

Following Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama's success in discovering a sea route around Africa to India in 1498, King Manuel I commissioned Pedro Alvares Cabral to lead a second voyage of 13 ships and 1,500 men to India. Although he intended to stay close to the west coast of Africa, Cabral sailed far off course and accidentally chanced upon the coast of South America. According to the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, any land falling within 370 leagues 2.060 km west of the Cape Verde Islands was to belong to Portugal, whereas any land discovered west of this meridian would be Spanish territory, as decreed by Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI. The coastline of Brazil therefore fell within the Portuguese sphere of influence and was colonized by Manuel I. Cabral left two men there as ambassadors and continued across the south Atlantic, rounded the Cape of Good Hope, fought off Arab merchants in East Africa, and finally reached Calicut in India in September 1500.

A woodcut engraving depicting a hut built of whalebone. Dated 16th century

Tomb of Louis de Breze, Cathedrale Rouch, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1843.

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